ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ​ You should read the following management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes to our financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This management’s discussion and analysis is intended to help provide an understanding of our financial condition, changes in financial condition and results of our operations and contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed under the caption “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and we expressly disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements. ​ Overview ​ Recent Developments ​ DIRECTV Transaction ​ On September 29, 2024, we and DTV entered into the Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, DTV agreed to acquire from us all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of DISH DBS, which operates our Pay-TV business. ​ Following written notice from DTV received on November 20, 2024, DTV terminated the Purchase Agreement effective at 11:59 pm ET on November 22, 2024 pursuant to Section 7.01(a)(iv) of the Purchase Agreement because the DISH DBS Exchange Offers were not consummated by the Exchange Offer Settlement Date (as defined in the Purchase Agreement). No termination fee or other payment was due from either party to the other as a result of the termination of the Purchase Agreement. ​ Segments ​ We currently operate three primary business segments: (1) Pay-TV; (2) Wireless; and (3)  Broadband and Satellite Services . Historically, we reported four primary business segments: (1) Pay-TV; (2) Retail Wireless; (3) 5G Network Deployment; and (4) Broadband and Satellite Services. See Note 16 i n the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. ​ Our Pay-TV segment business strategy is to be the best provider of video services in the United States by providing products with the best technology, outstanding customer service and great value. We offer Pay-TV services under the DISH® brand and the SLING® brand. We promote our Pay-TV services by providing our subscribers with a better “price-to-value” relationship and experience than those available from other subscription television service providers. We market our SLING TV services to consumers who do not subscribe to traditional satellite and cable pay-TV services, as well as to current and recent traditional pay-TV subscribers who desire a lower cost alternative. ​ Our Wireless segment provides Wireless communication services and products. We currently offer our Wireless services for 5G VoNR to over 220 million Americans and for 5G broadband service to over 268 million Americans, as well as a competitive portfolio of wireless devices . We offer customers value by providing choice and flexibility in our Wireless services. We offer competitive consumer plans with no annual service contracts and device financing arrangements for certain qualified subscribers . ​ 54 ​ Table of Contents ​ Our Wireless segment business strategy is to expand our current target segments and profitably grow our Wireless subscriber base and commercialize and grow customer traffic on our 5G Network. We intend to grow our Wireless subscriber base by acquiring and retaining high quality subscribers with competitive offers, choice and outstanding customer service that better meet those subscribers’ needs and budget. ​ We are currently operating primarily as an MVNO as we continue our 5G Network Deployment and commercialize and grow customer traffic on our 5G Network. We are transitioning to an MNO as our 5G Network has become commercially available and we grow customer traffic on our 5G Network. We are currently activating Boost Mobile subscribers with compatible devices onto our 5G Network in markets where we have reached VoNR . We currently offer a broad range of premium wireless devices on our 5G Network, including the Apple iPhone 15 and newer generation iPhones. We have deployed 5G VoNR covering over 220 million Americans. Within our MVNO operations, today we depend in part on T-Mobile and AT&T to provide us with network services under the MNSA and NSA, respectively. ​ As part of the commercialization of our Wireless spectrum licenses through the completion of our 5G Network Deployment, we have committed to the FCC to deploy our 5G Network capable of serving increasingly larger portions of the U.S. population at different deadlines. ​ On September 29, 2023, the FCC confirmed we met all of our June 14, 2023 band-specific 5G deployment commitments, and two of our three nationwide 5G commitments. The single remaining 5G commitment, that at least 70% of the U.S. population has access to average download speeds equal to 35 Mbps, was achieved in March 2024 using the drive test methodology previously agreed upon by us and the FCC and overseen by an independent monitor . ​ In September 2024, the FCC conditionally granted our requests to extend the 5G deployment deadlines for certain of our Wireless spectrum licenses based on several commitments and in a January 10, 2025 filing to the FCC , we certified to meeting the accelerated buildout (Commitments #2 and #3 of the Extension Request) and the nationwide 80% coverage obligations (Commitment #1 of the Extension Request) due by December 31, 2024. Thus, pursuant to the Extension Request, the final deployment deadlines for the licenses subject to the Extension Request (listed in Appendix G) shall be extended to December 14, 2026. In addition, the final deployment deadlines for the licenses subject to the Extension Request (listed in Appendix G) shall be further extended to June 14, 2028 as long as we satisfy the remaining Extension Request commitments. See Note 15 i n the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for definitions and further details. ​ Our Broadband and Satellite Services segment business strategy is to maintain and improve our leadership position and competitive advantage through development of leading-edge technologies and services marketed to selected sectors within the consumer, enterprise and government markets globally. Within our Broadband and Satellite Services segment we are an industry leader in both networking technologies and services, innovating to deliver the global solutions that power a connected future for people, enterprises and things everywhere. We provide broadband services to consumer customers, which include home and small to medium-sized businesses, and satellite, multi-transport technologies and managed network services to enterprise customers, telecommunications providers, airlines and government entities, including civilian and defense. Our EchoStar XXIV satellite began service in December 2023, bringing additional broadband capacity across North and South America and is an integral part of our satellite services business. We have leveraged the EchoStar XXIV to deliver satellite services to unserved and underserved consumer markets in the Americas as well as enterprise, aeronautical and government markets. ​ Economic Environment ​ During 2023 and 2024, we experienced inflationary pressures in our commodity and labor costs resulting from the macroeconomic environment in the United States, which has significantly impacted our overall operating results. ​ 55 ​ Table of Contents EXPLANATION OF KEY METRICS AND OTHER ITEMS ​ Service revenue . “Service revenue” consists principally of Pay-TV and Wireless subscriber revenue, broadband services, maintenance and other contracted revenue and satellite and transponder leases and services revenue. Certain of the amounts included in “Service revenue” are not recurring on a monthly basis. ​ Equipment sales and other revenue . “Equipment sales and other revenue” principally includes the sale of wireless devices, the non-subsidized sales of Pay-TV equipment, the licensing of certain intellectual property and sales of broadband equipment and networks sold both in our consumer and enterprise markets. ​ Cost of services . “Cost of services” principally includes Pay-TV programming expenses and other operating costs related to our Pay-TV segment, costs of Wireless services (including costs incurred under the MNSA and NSA), costs of broadband services, maintenance and other contracted services, and costs associated with satellite and transponder leases and services. Beginning on January 1, 2024, “Cost of services” includes certain direct costs related to our 5G Network Deployment, including lease expense on communication towers, transport, cloud services and other costs as a significant portion of our 5G Network was placed into service. ​ Cost of sales - equipment and other. “Cost of sales – equipment and other” principally includes the cost of wireless devices and other related items, the cost of broadband equipment and networks, as well as costs related to the non-subsidized sales of Pay-TV equipment. Costs are generally recognized as products are delivered to customers and the related revenue is recognized. In addition, prior to January 1, 2024, “Cost of sales – equipment and other” included certain direct costs related to our 5G Network Deployment, including lease expense on communication towers, transport, cloud services and other costs, which is now included in “Cost of services” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses . “Selling, general and administrative expenses” consists primarily of direct sales costs, advertising and selling costs, third-party commissions related to the acquisition of subscribers and employee-related costs associated with administrative services such as legal, information systems, and accounting and finance. In addition, “Selling, general and administrative expenses” includes costs related to the installation of equipment for our new Pay-TV subscribers and the cost of subsidized sales of Pay-TV equipment for new subscribers. ​ Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill . “Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill” includes our impairment losses related to our property and equipment, regulatory authorizations, goodwill and other intangible assets. ​ Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized. “Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized” primarily includes interest expense associated with our long-term debt (net of capitalized interest), prepayment premiums, amortization of debt discounts and debt issuance costs associated with our long-term debt, and interest expense associated with our finance lease obligations. ​ Other, net. The main components of “Other, net” are gains and losses realized on the sale and/or conversion of marketable and non-marketable investment securities and derivative instruments, impairment of marketable and non-marketable investment securities, unrealized gains and losses from changes in fair value of certain marketable and non-marketable investment securities and derivative instruments, foreign currency transaction gains and losses, debt extinguishment gains and losses, and equity in earnings and losses of our affiliates. ​ Operating income before depreciation and amortization (“OIBDA”). OIBDA is defined as “Operating income (loss)” plus “Depreciation and amortization.”  This “non-GAAP measure” is reconciled to “Operating income (loss)” in our discussion of “Results of Operations” below. ​ 56 ​ Table of Contents ​ DISH TV subscribers. We include customers obtained through direct sales, independent third-party retailers and other independent third-party distribution relationships in our DISH TV subscriber count. We also provide DISH TV services to hotels, motels and other commercial accounts. For certain of these commercial accounts, we divide our total revenue for these commercial accounts by $34.99, and include the resulting number, which is substantially smaller than the actual number of commercial units served, in our DISH TV subscriber count. ​ SLING TV subscribers. We include customers obtained through direct sales and third-party marketing agreements in our SLING TV subscriber count. SLING TV subscriber additions are recorded net of disconnects. SLING TV customers receiving SLING TV Freestream service, or service for no charge, under certain new subscriber promotions, are excluded from our SLING TV subscriber count. For customers who subscribe to multiple SLING TV packages, each customer is only counted as one SLING TV subscriber. ​ Pay-TV subscribers. Our Pay-TV subscriber count includes all DISH TV and SLING TV subscribers discussed above. For customers who subscribe to both our DISH TV services and our SLING TV services, each subscription is counted as a separate Pay-TV subscriber. ​ Pay-TV average monthly revenue per subscriber (“Pay-TV ARPU”). We are not aware of any uniform standards for calculating ARPU and believe presentations of ARPU may not be calculated consistently by other companies in the same or similar businesses. We calculate Pay-TV average monthly revenue per Pay-TV subscriber, or Pay-TV ARPU, by dividing average monthly Pay-TV segment “Service revenue,” excluding revenue from broadband services, for the period by our average number of Pay-TV subscribers for the period. The average number of Pay-TV subscribers is calculated for the period by adding the average number of Pay-TV subscribers for each month and dividing by the number of months in the period. The average number of Pay-TV subscribers for each month is calculated by adding the beginning and ending Pay-TV subscribers for the month and dividing by two. SLING TV subscribers on average purchase lower priced programming services than DISH TV subscribers, and therefore, as SLING TV subscribers increase as a percentage of total Pay-TV subscribers, it has had a negative impact on Pay-TV ARPU. ​ DISH TV average monthly subscriber churn rate (“DISH TV churn rate”). We are not aware of any uniform standards for calculating subscriber churn rate and believe presentations of subscriber churn rates may not be calculated consistently by different companies in the same or similar businesses. We calculate our DISH TV churn rate for any period by dividing the number of DISH TV subscribers who terminated service during the period by the average number of DISH TV subscribers for the same period, and further dividing by the number of months in the period. The average number of DISH TV subscribers is calculated for the period by adding the average number of DISH TV subscribers for each month and dividing by the number of months in the period. The average number of DISH TV subscribers for each month is calculated by adding the beginning and ending DISH TV subscribers for the month and dividing by two. ​ DISH TV SAC. Subscriber acquisition cost measures are commonly used by those evaluating traditional companies in the pay-TV industry. We are not aware of any uniform standards for calculating the “average subscriber acquisition costs per new DISH TV subscriber activation,” or DISH TV SAC, and we believe presentations of pay-TV SAC may not be calculated consistently by different companies in the same or similar businesses. Our DISH TV SAC is calculated using all costs of acquiring DISH TV subscribers (e.g., subsidized equipment, advertising, installation, commissions and direct sales, etc.) which are included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses,” plus capitalized payments made under certain sales incentive programs and the value of equipment capitalized under our lease program for new DISH TV subscribers, divided by gross new DISH TV subscriber activations. We include all new DISH TV subscribers in our calculation, including DISH TV subscribers added with little or no subscriber acquisition costs. ​ Wireless subscribers. We include prepaid and postpaid customers obtained through direct sales, independent third-party retailers and other independent third-party distribution relationships in our Wireless subscriber count. Our Wireless subscriber count includes all Government subsidized subscribers discussed below. Our gross new Wireless subscriber activations exclude all Government subsidized subscribers as we record these subscribers net of disconnects, as discussed below. 57 ​ Table of Contents ​ Government subsidized wireless subscribers and other wireless subscribers (“Government subsidized subscribers”). Our Government subsidized subscribers have different subscriber economics than our core Wireless subscribers, including a significantly higher churn rate and lower subscriber acquisition costs. Therefore, our Government subsidized subscriber additions are recorded net of disconnects. Our Government subsidized subscriber count includes Wireless subscribers that participate in government subsidized programs, including the ACP program and Lifeline program, defined below, and other subscribers acquired under the Gen Mobile brand. The Affordable Connectivity Program (“ACP”) was a federal program offering broadband services and devices discounts to help low-income individuals that meet certain eligibility criteria. The ACP program funding concluded on June 1, 2024. The Lifeline Program is a federal program offering broadband services discounts to help low-income individuals that meet certain eligibility criteria. Certain states also offer a separate Lifeline program. ​ Wireless average monthly revenue per subscriber (“Wireless ARPU”). We are not aware of any uniform standards for calculating ARPU and believe presentations of ARPU may not be calculated consistently by other companies in the same or similar businesses. We calculate average monthly revenue per Wireless subscriber, or Wireless ARPU, by dividing average monthly Wireless subscriber revenue included in “Service revenue” for the period by our average number of Wireless subscribers for the period. The average number of Wireless subscribers is calculated for the period by adding the average number of Wireless subscribers for each month and dividing by the number of months in the period. The average number of Wireless subscribers for each month is calculated by adding the beginning and ending Wireless subscribers for the month and dividing by two. ​ Wireless average monthly subscriber churn rate (“Wireless churn rate”). We are not aware of any uniform standards for calculating subscriber churn rate and believe presentations of subscriber churn rates may not be calculated consistently by different companies in the same or similar businesses. We calculate our “Wireless churn rate” for any period by dividing the number of Wireless subscribers who terminated service during the period by the average number of Wireless subscribers for the same period, and further dividing by the number of months in the period. The average number of Wireless subscribers is calculated for the period by adding the average number of Wireless subscribers for each month and dividing by the number of months in the period. The average number of Wireless subscribers for each month is calculated by adding the beginning and ending Wireless subscribers for the  month and dividing by two. Government subsidized subscriber additions are recorded net of disconnects and therefore excluded from our calculation of our Wireless churn rate. ​ Broadband subscribers. Subscribers include customers that subscribe to our HughesNet service, through retail, wholesale and small/medium enterprise service channels. Our Broadband subscriber count also includes ACP subscribers, as defined above. ​ Free cash flow . We define free cash flow as “Net cash flows from operating activities” less: (i) “Purchases of property and equipment” net of “Refunds and other receipts of purchases of property and equipment,” and (ii) “Capitalized interest related to Regulatory authorizations,” as shown on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. ​ ​ ​ 58 ​ Table of Contents ​ RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – Segments ​ Business Segments ​ We currently operate three primary business segments: (1) Pay-TV; (2) Wireless; and (3)  Broadband and Satellite Services . ​ Revenue and operating income (loss) by segment are shown in the table below: ​ Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2023. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Variance ​ 2024 2023 Amount % ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ ​ Revenue: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pay-TV ​ $ 10,688,204 ​ $ 11,571,159 ​ $ (882,955) ​ (7.6) Wireless ​ ​ 3,607,983 ​ ​ 3,732,160 ​ ​ (124,177) ​ (3.3) Broadband and Satellite Services ​ ​ 1,575,788 ​ ​ 1,755,559 ​ ​ (179,771) ​ (10.2) Eliminations ​ ​ (46,459) ​ ​ (43,280) ​ ​ (3,179) ​ (7.3) Total revenue ​ $ 15,825,516 ​ $ 17,015,598 ​ $ (1,190,082) ​ (7.0) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income (loss): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pay-TV ​ $ 2,647,954 ​ $ 2,699,810 ​ $ (51,856) ​ (1.9) Wireless ​ ​ (2,831,906) ​ ​ (2,524,553) ​ ​ (307,353) ​ (12.2) Broadband and Satellite Services ​ ​ (117,901) ​ ​ (458,609) ​ ​ 340,708 ​ 74.3 Eliminations ​ ​ (2,217) ​ ​ 5,443 ​ ​ (7,660) ​ * Total operating income (loss) ​ $ (304,070) ​ $ (277,909) ​ $ (26,161) ​ (9.4) * Percentage is not meaningful. ​ Total revenue. Our consolidated revenue totaled $15.826 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $1.190 billion or 7.0% compared to the same period in 2023. The net decrease primarily resulted from the decrease in revenue from our Pay-TV, Broadband and Satellite Services, and Wireless segments. ​ Total operating income (loss). Our consolidated operating loss totaled $304 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase in operating loss of $26 million compared to the same period in 2023. This change primarily resulted from an increase in operating loss from our Wireless segment, a decrease in operating income from our Pay-TV segment, and a decrease in operating loss from our Broadband and Satellite Services segment. ​ 59 ​ Table of Contents ​ Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2022. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Variance ​ 2023 2022 Amount % ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ ​ Revenue: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pay-TV ​ $ 11,571,159 ​ $ 12,505,392 ​ $ (934,233) ​ (7.5) Wireless ​ ​ 3,732,160 ​ ​ 4,180,018 ​ ​ (447,858) ​ (10.7) Broadband and Satellite Services ​ ​ 1,755,559 ​ ​ 1,998,093 ​ ​ (242,534) ​ (12.1) Eliminations ​ ​ (43,280) ​ ​ (49,257) ​ ​ 5,977 ​ 12.1 Total revenue ​ $ 17,015,598 ​ $ 18,634,246 ​ $ (1,618,648) ​ (8.7) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income (loss): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pay-TV ​ $ 2,699,810 ​ $ 2,933,898 ​ $ (234,088) ​ (8.0) Wireless ​ ​ (2,524,553) ​ ​ (888,232) ​ ​ (1,636,321) ​ * Broadband and Satellite Services ​ ​ (458,609) ​ ​ 181,615 ​ ​ (640,224) ​ * Eliminations ​ ​ 5,443 ​ ​ 5,557 ​ ​ (114) ​ (2.1) Total operating income (loss) ​ $ (277,909) ​ $ 2,232,838 ​ $ (2,510,747) ​ * * Percentage is not meaningful. ​ Total revenue. Our consolidated revenue totaled $17.016 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $1.619 billion or 8.7% compared to the same period in 2022. The net decrease primarily resulted from the decrease in revenue from our Pay-TV, Wireless and Broadband and Satellite Services segments. ​ Total operating income (loss). Our consolidated operating loss totaled $278 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to income of $2.233 billion during the same period in 2022. The net decrease primarily resulted from an increase in operating loss from our Wireless segment and to a lesser extent decreases in operating income (loss) from our Broadband and Satellite Services and Pay-TV segments. The year ended December 31, 2023 was adversely impacted by impairments of goodwill of: (1) $533 million from our Broadband and Satellite Services segment; (2) $219 million from our Wireless segment; and (3) $6 million from our Pay-TV segment. See Note 2 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. ​ ​ 60 ​ Table of Contents ​ Pay-TV Segment ​ We offer Pay-TV services under the DISH brand and the SLING brand. As of December 31, 2024, we had 7.778 million Pay-TV subscribers in the United States, including 5.686 million DISH TV subscribers and 2.092 million SLING TV subscribers. ​ We promote our Pay-TV services by providing our subscribers with better service, technology and value than those available from other subscription television service providers. We offer a wide selection of video services under the DISH TV brand, with access to hundreds of channels depending on the level of subscription. Our standard programming packages generally include programming provided by national cable networks. We also offer programming packages that include local broadcast networks, specialty sports channels, premium movie channels and Latino and international programming. We market our SLING TV services to consumers who do not subscribe to traditional satellite and cable pay-TV services, as well as to current and recent traditional pay-TV subscribers who desire a lower cost alternative. Our SLING TV services require an Internet connection and are available on multiple streaming-capable devices including, among others, streaming media devices, TVs, tablets, computers, game consoles and phones. We offer SLING domestic, SLING International, SLING Latino and SLING Freestream video programming services. ​ Trends in our Pay-TV Segment ​ Competition ​ Competition has intensified in recent years as the pay-TV industry has matured. We and our competitors increasingly must seek to attract a greater proportion of new subscribers from each other’s existing subscriber bases rather than from first-time purchasers of pay-TV services. We face substantial competition from established pay-TV providers and broadband service providers and increasing competition from companies providing/facilitating the delivery of video content via the Internet to computers, televisions and other streaming and mobile devices, including wireless service providers. In recent years, industry consolidation and convergence has created competitors with greater scale and multiple product/service offerings. These developments, among others, have contributed to intense and increasing competition, and we expect such competition to continue. ​ We incur significant costs to retain our existing DISH TV subscribers, generally as a result of upgrading their equipment to next generation receivers, primarily including our Hopper® receivers and by providing retention credits. Our DISH TV subscriber retention costs may vary significantly from period to period. ​ Many of our competitors have been especially aggressive by offering discounted programming and services for both new and existing subscribers, including, but not limited to, bundled offers combining broadband, video and/or wireless services and other promotional offers. Certain competitors have been able to subsidize the price of video services with the price of broadband and/or wireless services. ​ Our Pay-TV services also face increased competition from programmers and other companies who distribute video directly to consumers over the Internet, as well as traditional satellite television providers, cable companies and large telecommunications companies that are rapidly increasing their Internet-based video offerings and direct-to-consumer exclusive and non-exclusive content. We also face competition from providers of video content, many of which are providers of programming content to us, that distribute content over the Internet including services with live-linear television programming, as well as single programmer offerings and offerings of large libraries of on-demand content, including in certain cases original content. These product offerings include, but are not limited to: Netflix, Hulu, Apple+, Prime Video, YouTube TV, Disney+, ESPN+, Paramount+, Max, STARZ, Peacock, Fubo, Philo and Tubi and certain bundles of these offerings. ​ Significant changes in consumer behavior regarding the means by which consumers obtain video entertainment and information in response to digital media competition could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition or otherwise disrupt our business. 61 ​ Table of Contents ​ In particular, consumers have shown increased interest in viewing certain video programming in any place, at any time and/or on any broadband or Internet-connected device they choose. Online content providers may cause our subscribers to disconnect our DISH TV services (“cord cutting”), downgrade to smaller, less expensive programming packages (“cord shaving”) or elect to purchase through these online content providers a certain portion of the services that they would have historically purchased from us. ​ Mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures and alliances among cable television providers, telecommunications companies, programming providers and others may result in, among other things, greater scale and financial leverage and increase the availability of offerings from providers capable of bundling video, broadband and/or wireless services in competition with our services and may exacerbate the risks described under the caption “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in our public filings. These transactions may affect us adversely by, among other things, making it more difficult for us to obtain access to certain programming networks on nondiscriminatory and fair terms, or at all. ​ Our Pay-TV subscriber base has been declining due to, among other things, the factors described above. There can be no assurance that our Pay-TV subscriber base will not continue to decline and that the pace of such decline will not accelerate. As our Pay-TV subscriber base continues to decline, it could have a material adverse long-term effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. ​ Programming ​ Our ability to compete successfully will depend, among other things, on our ability to continue to obtain desirable programming and deliver it to our subscribers at competitive prices. Programming costs represent a large percentage of our “Cost of services” and the largest component of our total expense. We expect these costs to continue to increase due to contractual price increases and the renewal of long-term programming contracts on less favorable pricing terms and certain programming costs are rising at a much faster rate than wages or inflation. In particular, the rates we are charged for retransmitting local broadcast channels have been increasing substantially and may exceed our ability to increase our prices to our subscribers. Our ability to provide services under these agreements and negotiate acceptable terms depends on, among other things, the number of subscribers we have, our actual, perceived or anticipated financial condition and our negotiating power against each programmer, which can vary depending on the size and scale of such programmer. Going forward, our margins may face pressure if we are unable to renew our long-term programming contracts on acceptable pricing and other economic terms or if we are unable to pass these increased programming costs on to our subscribers. ​ Increases in programming costs have caused us to increase the rates that we charge to our subscribers, which could in turn cause our existing Pay-TV subscribers to disconnect our services or cause potential new Pay-TV subscribers to choose not to subscribe to our services. Additionally, even if our subscribers do not disconnect our services, they may purchase through new and existing online content providers a certain portion of the services that they would have historically purchased from us. ​ Furthermore, our net Pay-TV subscriber additions, gross new DISH TV subscriber activations and DISH TV churn rate may be negatively impacted if we are unable to renew our long-term programming carriage contracts. In the past, our net Pay-TV subscriber additions, gross new DISH TV subscriber activations, and DISH TV churn rate have been negatively impacted as a result of programming interruptions and threatened programming interruptions in connection with the scheduled expiration of programming carriage contracts with content providers. There can be no assurance that the removal of any channels will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition or otherwise disrupt our business. We cannot predict with any certainty the impact to our net Pay-TV subscriber additions, gross new DISH TV subscriber activations and DISH TV churn rate resulting from programming interruptions or threatened programming interruptions that may occur in the future. As a result, we may at tim es suffer from periods of lower net Pay-TV subscriber additions or higher net Pay-TV subscriber losses. ​ 62 ​ Table of Contents ​ Other Developments ​ Adaptive Bitrate Streaming Patents ​ Through our subsidiaries, we hold dozens of issued United States and foreign patents that relate to Adaptive Bitrate Streaming. On September 9, 2022, the chief administrative law judge at the United States International Trade Commission (“ITC”) issued an Initial Determination holding that the video streaming in certain Peloton, NordicTrack and Mirror exercise equipment infringes four of those patents, and recommended that the ITC prevent the importation of the infringing products. On March 8, 2023, the ITC issued its Final Determination, which affirmed the Initial Determination for three of the four patents in all material aspects, and issued the recommended exclusion and cease and desist orders, which will become effective after a Presidential review period. On February 9, 2023, we entered into a confidential license agreement covering Mirror exercise equipment that resolves our litigation involving those products. On May 1, 2023, we entered into a $75 million license agreement covering Peloton exercise equipment that resolves our litigation involving those products. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded the $75 million license agreement in “Equipment sales and other revenue” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). On March 6, 2024, we entered into a license agreement covering NordicTrack exercise equipment that resolves our litigation involving those products and received the initial payment. ​ ​ 63 ​ Table of Contents ​ RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – Pay-TV Segment ​ Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2023. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Variance Statements of Operations Data 2024 2023 Amount % ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ ​ Revenue: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Service revenue ​ $ 10,613,653 ​ $ 11,385,961 ​ $ (772,308) ​ (6.8) Equipment sales and other revenue ​ ​ 74,551 ​ ​ 185,198 ​ ​ (110,647) ​ (59.7) Total revenue ​ ​ 10,688,204 ​ ​ 11,571,159 ​ ​ (882,955) ​ (7.6) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Costs and expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of services ​ ​ 6,546,506 ​ ​ 6,977,628 ​ ​ (431,122) ​ (6.2) % of Service revenue ​ ​ 61.7 % ​ 61.3 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of sales - equipment and other ​ ​ 80,271 ​ ​ 91,164 ​ ​ (10,893) ​ (11.9) Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ ​ 1,076,142 ​ 1,414,808 ​ (338,666) ​ (23.9) % of Total revenue ​ ​ 10.1 % ​ 12.2 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ 337,331 ​ ​ 381,292 ​ ​ (43,961) ​ (11.5) Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill ​ ​ — ​ ​ 6,457 ​ ​ (6,457) ​ * Total costs and expenses ​ ​ 8,040,250 ​ ​ 8,871,349 ​ ​ (831,099) ​ (9.4) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income (loss) ​ $ 2,647,954 ​ $ 2,699,810 ​ $ (51,856) ​ (1.9) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other data: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pay-TV subscribers, as of period end (in millions) ​ ​ 7.778 ​ ​ 8.526 ​ ​ (0.748) ​ (8.8) DISH TV subscribers, as of period end (in millions) ​ ​ 5.686 ​ ​ 6.471 ​ ​ (0.785) ​ (12.1) SLING TV subscribers, as of period end (in millions) ​ ​ 2.092 ​ ​ 2.055 ​ ​ 0.037 ​ 1.8 Pay-TV subscriber additions (losses), net (in millions) ​ ​ (0.748) ​ ​ (1.224) ​ ​ 0.476 ​ 38.9 DISH TV subscriber additions (losses), net (in millions) ​ ​ (0.785) ​ ​ (0.945) ​ ​ 0.160 ​ 16.9 SLING TV subscriber additions (losses), net (in millions) ​ ​ 0.037 ​ ​ (0.279) ​ ​ 0.316 ​ * Pay-TV ARPU ​ $ 108.90 ​ $ 104.56 ​ $ 4.34 ​ 4.2 DISH TV subscriber additions, gross (in millions) ​ ​ 0.282 ​ ​ 0.464 ​ ​ (0.182) ​ (39.2) DISH TV churn rate ​ ​ 1.46 % ​ 1.69 % ​ (0.23) % (13.6) DISH TV SAC ​ $ 999 ​ $ 1,118 ​ $ (119) ​ (10.6) Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds ** ​ $ 218,473 ​ $ 242,736 ​ $ (24,263) ​ (10.0) OIBDA ​ $ 2,985,285 ​ $ 3,081,102 ​ $ (95,817) ​ (3.1) * Percentage is not meaningful. ** Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds includes satellite purchases during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 of $121 million and $105 million, respectively. ​ Pay-TV Subscribers ​ DISH TV subscribers . We lost approximately 785,000 net DISH TV subscribers during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the loss of approximately 945,000 net DISH TV subscribers during the same period in 2023. This decrease in net DISH TV subscriber losses primarily resulted from a lower DISH TV churn rate, partially offset by lower gross new DISH TV subscriber activations. ​ 64 ​ Table of Contents ​ SLING TV subscribers . We added approximately 37,000 net SLING TV subscribers during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the loss of approximately 279,000 net SLING TV subscribers during the same period in 2023. The change in net SLING TV subscribers was primarily related to lower SLING TV subscriber disconnects in 2024 due to our emphasis on acquiring higher quality subscribers, partially offset by lower SLING TV subscriber activations. We continue to experience increased competition, including competition from other subscription video on-demand and live-linear OTT service providers, many of which are providers of our content and offer football and other seasonal sports programming direct to subscribers on an a la carte basis. ​ DISH TV subscribers, gross . During the year ended December 31, 2024, we activated approximately 282,000 gross new DISH TV subscribers compared to approximately 464,000 gross new DISH TV subscribers during the same period in 2023, a decrease of 39.2%. This decrease in our gross new DISH TV subscriber activations was primarily related to lower marketing expenditures, the lack of demand and shifting consumer behavior, as well as increased competitive pressures, including, but not limited to, live-linear OTT service providers, aggressive short term introductory pricing and bundled offers combining broadband, video and/or wireless services and other discounted promotional offers and direct-to-consumer offerings by certain of our programmers. Our gross new DISH TV subscriber activations continue to be negatively impacted by an emphasis on acquiring higher quality subscribers. ​ DISH TV churn rate . Our DISH TV churn rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 was 1.46% compared to 1.69% for the same period in 2023. Our DISH TV churn rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 was positively impacted by our emphasis on acquiring and retaining higher quality subscribers. Our DISH TV churn rate continues to be adversely impacted by external factors, such as, among other things, cord cutting, shifting consumer behavior and increased competitive pressures, including, but not limited to, live-linear OTT service providers, aggressive marketing, bundled discount offers combining broadband, video and/or wireless services and other discounted promotional offers. Our DISH TV churn rate is also impacted by internal factors, such as, among other things, our ability to consistently provide outstanding customer service, price increases, our ability to control piracy and other forms of fraud and the level of our retention efforts. In addition, our DISH TV churn rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 was briefly elevated due to a cybersecurity incident in the first quarter of 2023. ​ Our net Pay-TV subscriber additions, gross new DISH TV subscriber activations and DISH TV churn rate have been negatively impacted as a result of programming interruptions and threatened programming interruptions in connection with the scheduled expiration of programming carriage contracts with content providers. We cannot predict with any certainty the impact to our net Pay-TV subscriber additions, gross new DISH TV subscriber activations and DISH TV subscriber churn rate resulting from programming interruptions or threatened programming interruptions that may occur in the future. As a result, we may at times suffer from periods of lower net Pay-TV subscriber additions or higher net Pay-TV subscriber losses. ​ We have not always met our own standards for performing high-quality installations, effectively resolving subscriber issues when they arise, answering subscriber calls in an acceptable timeframe, effectively communicating with our subscriber base, reducing calls driven by the complexity of our business, improving the reliability of certain systems and subscriber equipment and aligning the interests of certain independent third-party retailers and installers to provide high-quality service. Most of these factors have affected both gross new DISH TV subscriber activations as well as DISH TV subscriber churn rate. Our future gross new DISH TV subscriber activations and our DISH TV subscriber churn rate may be negatively impacted by these factors, which could in turn adversely affect our revenue. ​ Service revenue. “Service revenue” totaled $10.614 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $772 million or 6.8% compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in “Service revenue” compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily related to lower average Pay-TV subscriber base, partially offset by an increase in Pay-TV ARPU, discussed below. ​ 65 ​ Table of Contents ​ Equipment sales and other revenue. “Equipment sales and other revenue” totaled $75 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $111 million or 59.7% compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in “Equipment sales and other revenue” compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily related to a non-recurring $75 million license of our Adaptive Bitrate Streaming patents to Peloton covering certain Peloton products that resolves our litigation involving those products during the second quarter of 2023 . ​ Pay-TV ARPU. Pay-TV ARPU was $108.90 during the year ended December 31, 2024 versus $104.56 during the same period in 2023. The $4.34 or 4.2% increase in Pay-TV ARPU was primarily attributable to DISH TV and SLING TV programming price increases and higher Pay-TV ad sales revenue. The DISH TV and SLING TV programming package price increases were effective in the fourth quarter of 2023. ​ Cost of services. “Cost of services” totaled $6.547 billion during the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $431 million or 6.2% compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in “Cost of services” was primarily attributable to a lower average Pay-TV subscriber base and lower variable and retention costs per subscriber due to, among other things, operational efficiencies, partially offset by higher programming costs per subscriber. Programming costs per subscriber increased during the year ended December 31, 2024 due to rate increases in certain of our programming contracts, including the renewal of certain contracts at higher rates, particularly for local broadcast channels. Variable and retention costs per subscriber during the year ended December 31, 2023 were negatively impacted by approximately $30 million in cybersecurity-related expenses to remediate a cybersecurity incident and provide additional customer support. “Cost of services” represented 61.7% and 61.3% of “Service revenue” during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. ​ In the normal course of business, we enter into contracts to purchase programming content in which our payment obligations are generally contingent on the number of Pay-TV subscribers to whom we provide the respective content. Our “Cost of services” have and will continue to face further upward pressure from price increases and the renewal of long-term programming contracts on less favorable pricing terms. In addition, our programming expenses will increase to the extent we are successful in growing our Pay-TV subscriber base. ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses. “Selling, general and administrative expenses” totaled $1.076 billion during the year ended December 31, 2024, a $339 million or 23.9% decrease compared to the same period in 2023. This change was primarily driven by a decrease in subscriber acquisition costs resulting from lower marketing expenditures and lower gross new DISH TV subscriber activations and a decrease in personnel costs. ​ Depreciation and amortization. “Depreciation and amortization” expense totaled $337 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, a $44 million or 11.5% decrease compared to the same period in 2023. This change was primarily driven by a decrease in depreciation expense from equipment leased to new and existing DISH TV subscribers, the expiration of our Nimiq 5 finance lease in September 2024, and the EchoStar XI satellite which became fully depreciated during the second quarter of 2023. ​ Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill. “ Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill” totaled $6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This impairment represents a noncash impairment charge for goodwill. See Note 2 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. ​ DISH TV SAC. DISH TV SAC was $999 during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $1,118 during the same period in 2023, a decrease of $119 or 10.6%. This change was primarily attributable to a decrease in advertising costs per subscriber and a higher percentage of remanufactured receivers being activated on new subscriber accounts, partially offset by higher commission costs due to our emphasis on acquiring higher quality subscribers. ​ 66 ​ Table of Contents ​ During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the amount of equipment capitalized under our lease program for new DISH TV subscribers totaled $26 million and $54 million, respectively. This decrease in capital expenditures primarily resulted from a decrease in gross new DISH TV subscriber activations and a higher percentage of remanufactured receivers being activated on new subscriber accounts. ​ To remain competitive, we upgrade or replace subscriber equipment periodically as technology changes, and the costs associated with these upgrades may be substantial. To the extent technological changes render a portion of our existing equipment obsolete, we would be unable to redeploy all returned equipment and consequently would realize less benefit from the DISH TV SAC reduction associated with redeployment of that returned lease equipment. ​ Our “DISH TV SAC” may materially increase in the future to the extent that we, among other things, transition to newer technologies, introduce more aggressive promotions or provide greater equipment subsidies. See further information under “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Subscriber Acquisition and Retention Costs.” ​ 67 ​ Table of Contents Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2022. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Variance Statements of Operations Data 2023 2022 Amount % ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ ​ Revenue: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Service revenue ​ $ 11,385,961 ​ $ 12,360,601 ​ $ (974,640) ​ (7.9) Equipment sales and other revenue ​ ​ 185,198 ​ ​ 144,791 ​ ​ 40,407 ​ 27.9 Total revenue ​ ​ 11,571,159 ​ ​ 12,505,392 ​ ​ (934,233) ​ (7.5) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Costs and expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of services ​ ​ 6,977,628 ​ ​ 7,423,427 ​ ​ (445,799) ​ (6.0) % of Service revenue ​ ​ 61.3 % ​ 60.1 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of sales - equipment and other ​ ​ 91,164 ​ ​ 97,315 ​ ​ (6,151) ​ (6.3) Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ ​ 1,414,808 ​ 1,622,281 ​ (207,473) ​ (12.8) % of Total revenue ​ ​ 12.2 % ​ 13.0 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ 381,292 ​ ​ 428,471 ​ ​ (47,179) ​ (11.0) Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill ​ ​ 6,457 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 6,457 ​ * Total costs and expenses ​ ​ 8,871,349 ​ ​ 9,571,494 ​ ​ (700,145) ​ (7.3) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income (loss) ​ $ 2,699,810 ​ $ 2,933,898 ​ $ (234,088) ​ (8.0) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other data: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pay-TV subscribers, as of period end (in millions) ​ ​ 8.526 ​ ​ 9.750 ​ ​ (1.224) ​ (12.6) DISH TV subscribers, as of period end (in millions) ​ ​ 6.471 ​ ​ 7.416 ​ ​ (0.945) ​ (12.7) SLING TV subscribers, as of period end (in millions) ​ ​ 2.055 ​ ​ 2.334 ​ ​ (0.279) ​ (12.0) Pay-TV subscriber additions (losses), net (in millions) ​ ​ (1.224) ​ ​ (0.957) ​ ​ (0.267) ​ (27.9) DISH TV subscriber additions (losses), net (in millions) ​ ​ (0.945) ​ ​ (0.805) ​ ​ (0.140) ​ (17.4) SLING TV subscriber additions (losses), net (in millions) ​ ​ (0.279) ​ ​ (0.152) ​ ​ (0.127) ​ (83.6) Pay-TV ARPU ​ $ 104.56 ​ $ 101.20 ​ $ 3.36 ​ 3.3 DISH TV subscriber additions, gross (in millions) ​ ​ 0.464 ​ ​ 0.634 ​ ​ (0.170) ​ (26.8) DISH TV churn rate ​ ​ 1.69 % ​ 1.54 % ​ 0.15 % 9.7 DISH TV SAC ​ $ 1,118 ​ $ 1,044 ​ $ 74 ​ 7.1 Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds ** ​ $ 242,736 ​ $ 131,093 ​ $ 111,643 ​ 85.2 OIBDA ​ $ 3,081,102 ​ $ 3,362,369 ​ $ (281,267) ​ (8.4) * Percentage is not meaningful. ** Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds includes satellite purchases during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 of $105 million and zero, respectively. ​ Pay-TV Subscribers ​ DISH TV subscribers . We lost approximately 945,000 net DISH TV subscribers during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the loss of approximately 805,000 net DISH TV subscribers during the same period in 2022. This increase in net DISH TV subscriber losses primarily resulted from lower gross new DISH TV subscriber activations and a higher DISH TV churn rate. ​ SLING TV subscribers . We lost approximately 279,000 net SLING TV subscribers during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the loss of approximately 152,000 net SLING TV subscribers during the same period in 2022. The increase in net SLING TV subscriber losses were primarily related to lower SLING TV subscriber activations, partially offset by lower SLING TV subscriber disconnects in 2023. We continue to experience increased competition, including competition from other subscription video on-demand and live-linear OTT service providers, many of which are providers of our content and offer football and other seasonal sports programming direct to subscribers on an a la carte basis. ​ 68 ​ Table of Contents ​ DISH TV subscribers, gross . During the year ended December 31, 2023, we activated approximately 464,000 gross new DISH TV subscribers compared to approximately 634,000 gross new DISH TV subscribers during the same period in 2022, a decrease of 26.8%. This decrease in our gross new DISH TV subscriber activations was primarily related to the lack of demand, shifting consumer behavior, and lower marketing expenditures, as well as increased competitive pressures, including, but not limited to, live-linear OTT service providers, aggressive short term introductory pricing and bundled offers combining broadband, video and/or wireless services and other discounted promotional offers, and direct-to-consumer offerings by certain of our programmers. Our gross new DISH TV subscriber activations continue to be negatively impacted by an emphasis on acquiring higher quality subscribers. ​ DISH TV churn rate . Our DISH TV churn rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 was 1.69% compared to 1.54% for the same period in 2022. Our DISH TV churn rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 was briefly elevated due to the cybersecurity incident. Our DISH TV churn rate continues to be adversely impacted by external factors, such as, among other things, cord cutting, shifting consumer behavior and increased competitive pressures, including, but not limited to, live-linear OTT service providers, aggressive marketing, bundled discount offers combining broadband, video and/or wireless services and other discounted promotional offers. Our DISH TV churn rate continues to be positively impacted by our emphasis on acquiring and retaining higher quality subscribers. Our DISH TV churn rate is also impacted by internal factors, such as, among other things, our ability to consistently provide outstanding customer service, price increases, our ability to control piracy and other forms of fraud, and the level of our retention efforts. ​ Service revenue. “Service revenue” totaled $11.386 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $975 million or 7.9% compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease in “Service revenue” compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily related to a lower average Pay-TV subscriber base, partially offset by an increase in Pay-TV ARPU, discussed below. ​ Equipment sales and other revenue. “Equipment sales and other revenue” totaled $185 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $40 million or 27.9% compared to the same period in 2022. The increase in “Equipment sales and other revenue” compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily related to a non-recurring $75 million license of our Adaptive Bitrate Streaming patents to Peloton covering certain Peloton products that resolves our litigation involving those products, partially offset by a decrease in equipment sales revenue. ​ Pay-TV ARPU. Pay-TV ARPU was $104.56 during the year ended December 31, 2023 versus $101.20 during the same period in 2022. The $3.36 or 3.3% increase in Pay-TV ARPU was primarily attributable to DISH TV and SLING TV programming price increases. The DISH TV and SLING TV programming package price increases were effective in the fourth quarter of 2022 and 2023. ​ Cost of services. “Cost of services” totaled $6.978 billion during the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $446 million or 6.0% compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease in “Cost of services” was primarily attributable to a lower average Pay-TV subscriber base, partially offset by higher programming costs per subscriber and higher variable and retention costs per subscriber. Programming costs per subscriber increased during the year ended December 31, 2023 due to rate increases in certain of our programming contracts, including the renewal of certain contracts at higher rates, particularly for local broadcast channels. In addition, variable and retention costs per subscriber increased during the year ended December 31, 2023 due to, among other things, approximately $30 million in cybersecurity-related expenses to remediate the incident and provide additional customer support. “Cost of services” represented 61.3% and 60.1% of “Service revenue” during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. ​ ​ 69 ​ Table of Contents ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses. “Selling, general and administrative expenses” totaled $1.415 billion during the year ended December 31, 2023, a $207 million or 12.8% decrease compared to the same period in 2022. This change was primarily driven by a decrease in subscriber acquisition costs resulting from lower marketing expenditures and lower gross new DISH TV subscriber activations, and a decrease in personnel costs, partially offset by Merger related costs. ​ Depreciation and amortization. “Depreciation and amortization” expense totaled $381 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, a $47 million or 11.0% decrease compared to the same period in 2022. This change was primarily driven by a decrease in depreciation expense from equipment leased to new and existing DISH TV subscribers and the EchoStar XI satellite which became fully depreciated during the second quarter of 2023. ​ Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill. “ Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill” totaled $6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This impairment represents a noncash impairment charge for goodwill. See Note 2 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. ​ DISH TV SAC. DISH TV SAC was $1,118 during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $1,044 during the same period in 2022, an increase of $74 or 7.1%. This change was primarily attributable to an increase in advertising costs per subscriber, higher installation costs due to an increase in labor and other installation costs, and a lower percentage of remanufactured receivers being activated on new subscriber accounts. ​ During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the amount of equipment capitalized under our lease program for new DISH TV subscribers totaled $54 million and $55 million, respectively. ​ 70 ​ Table of Contents Wireless Segment ​ Our Wireless segment business strategy is to expand our current target segments and profitably grow our Wireless subscriber base and commercialize and grow customer traffic on our 5G Network. We intend to grow our Wireless subscriber base by acquiring and retaining high quality subscribers with competitive offers, choice and outstanding customer service that better meet those subscribers’ needs and budget. ​ Our Wireless segment provides Wireless communication services and products. We currently offer our Wireless services for 5G VoNR to over 220 million Americans and for 5G broadband service to over 268 million Americans, as well as a competitive portfolio of wireless devices . ​ We offer nationwide Wireless services to subscribers primarily under our Boost Mobile and Gen Mobile brands. Prepaid Wireless subscribers generally pay in advance for monthly access to wireless talk, text and data services. Postpaid Wireless subscribers are qualified to pay after receiving wireless talk, text and data services and may also qualify for certain device financing arrangements. ​ Boost Mobile postpaid . During 2023, we launched our nationwide expansion of our Boost Mobile postpaid Wireless service. At the end of the third quarter of 2023, we began offering premium wireless devices, including Apple products. We currently offer a broad range of premium wireless devices on our 5G Network, including the Apple iPhone 15 and newer generation iPhones. ​ We are currently operating primarily as an MVNO as we continue our 5G Network Deployment and commercialize and grow customer traffic on our 5G Network. We are transitioning to an MNO as our 5G Network has become commercially available and we grow customer traffic on our 5G Network. We are currently activating Boost Mobile subscribers with compatible devices onto our 5G Network in markets where we have reached VoNR . We have deployed 5G VoNR covering over 220 million Americans. Within our MVNO operations, today we depend in part on T-Mobile and AT&T to provide us with network services under the MNSA and NSA, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had 6.995 million Wireless subscribers. ​ Currently, we offer Wireless subscribers competitive consumer plans with no annual service contracts and monthly service plans including high-speed data and unlimited talk and text. We also offer a variety of value-added services, including, but not limited to, device payment and protection plans and device financing arrangements for certain qualified subscribers. ​ During the second half of 2022, we began the process of migrating subscribers off the Transition Services Agreement (“TSA”) with T-Mobile, including the billing systems, and onto our own billing and operational support systems. The migration of subscribers to our new billing and operational support systems accelerated during the fourth quarter of 2022 and continued in the first and second quarters of 2023. The migration of subscribers during the first and second quarters of 2023 negatively impacted our Wireless churn rate and our results of operations. During the second quarter of 2023, we completed the migration of subscribers off the TSA with T-Mobile and onto our own billing and operational support systems. ​ ACP Subscribers. A portion of our Wireless subscriber base and revenue was comprised of subscribers who received benefits under the ACP program. Households enrolled in the ACP program continued to receive the benefit on their service through April 2024. In May 2024, households received a partial benefit and on June 1, 2024 the ACP program funding concluded and households no longer received their benefit. Although we implemented plans to retain and/or migrate these subscribers to lower priced service plans, these subscribers began deactivating in the second and third quarters of 2024. As of September 30, 2024, we had approximately 33,000 Wireless ACP subscribers, the majority of which migrated to other service plans in the fourth quarter of 2024. As of December 31, 2024, we have no Wireless ACP subscribers. ​ Generally, ACP subscribers have lower Wireless ARPU than other Wireless subscribers and as a result, any loss of ACP subscribers had a nominal impact on pre-tax net income. ​ 71 ​ Table of Contents ​ We have invested a total of over $30 billion in Wireless spectrum licenses. The $30 billion of investments related to Wireless spectrum licenses does not include $10 billion of capitalized interest related to the carrying value of such licenses. See Note 2 and Note 15 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. We continue to commercialize our Wireless spectrum licenses through the completion of  our 5G Network Deployment. We have committed to the FCC to deploy our 5G Network capable of serving increasingly larger portions of the U.S. population at different deadlines. ​ We may need to raise additional capital in the future , which may not be available on favorable terms or at all, to fund the efforts described below, as well as, among other things, make any potential Northstar Re-Auction Payment and SNR Re-Auction Payment for the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC. There can be no assurance that we will be able to complete all build-out requirements or profitably deploy our Wireless spectrum licenses, which may affect the carrying amount of these assets and our future financial condition or results of operations. See Note 15 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. ​ Our Wireless spectrum licenses are subject to certain interim and final build-out requirements, as well as certain renewal requirements. On September 29, 2023, the FCC confirmed we met all of our June 14, 2023 band-specific 5G deployment commitments, and two of our three nationwide 5G commitments. The single remaining 5G commitment, that at least 70% of the U.S. population has access to average download speeds equal to 35 Mbps, was achieved in March 2024 using the drive test methodology previously agreed upon by us and the FCC and overseen by an independent monitor . We currently have the largest commercial deployment of 5G VoNR in the world covering over 220 million Americans and 5G broadband service covering over 268 million Amer icans. ​ In September 2024, the FCC conditionally granted our requests to extend the 5G deployment deadlines for certain of our Wireless spectrum licenses based on several commitments and in a January 10, 2025 filing to the FCC , we certified to meeting the accelerated buildout (Commitments #2 and #3 of the Extension Request) and the nationwide 80% coverage obligations (Commitment #1 of the Extension Request) due by December 31, 2024. Thus, pursuant to the Extension Request, the final deployment deadlines for the licenses subject to the Extension Request (listed in Appendix G) shall be extended to December 14, 2026. In addition, the final deployment deadlines for the licenses subject to the Extension Request (listed in Appendix G) shall be further extended to June 14, 2028 as long as we satisfy the remaining Extension Request commitments. See Note 15 i n the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for definitions and further details. ​ We may need to make significant additional investments or partner with others to, among other things, continue our 5G Network Deployment and further commercialize, build-out and integrate these licenses and related assets and any additional acquired licenses and related assets, as well as to comply with regulations applicable to such licenses. Depending on the nature and scope of such activities, any such investments or partnerships could vary significantly. In addition, as we continue our 5G Network Deployment, we have and may continue to incur significant additional expenses related to, among other things, research and development, wireless testing and ongoing upgrades to the wireless network infrastructure, software and third-party integration. As a result of these investments, among other factors, we may need to raise additional capital, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all. We may also determine that additional wireless spectrum licenses may be required for our 5G Network Deployment, which will enhance our ability to compete effectively with other wireless service providers. ​ 72 ​ Table of Contents ​ Competition. Wireless communication services is a mature market with moderate year over year organic growth. Competitors include, among others, providers who offer similar wireless communication services, such as talk, text and data. Competitive factors within the wireless communication services industry include, but are not limited to, pricing, market saturation, service and product offerings, customer experience and service quality. We compete with a number of national wireless carriers, including Verizon, AT&T and T-Mobile, all of which are significantly larger than us, serve a significant percentage of all wireless subscribers and enjoy scale advantages compared to us. Verizon, AT&T and T-Mobile are currently the only nationwide MNOs in the United States. ​ Additional primary competitors to our Wireless segment include, but are not limited to, Metro PCS (owned by T-Mobile), Cricket Wireless (owned by AT&T), Visible (owned by Verizon), Tracfone Wireless (owned by Verizon), Total Wireless (owned by Verizon) and other MVNOs such as Consumer Cellular, Mint Mobile (owned by T-Mobile), Spectrum Mobile and Xfinity Mobile. ​ ​ 73 ​ Table of Contents ​ RESULTS OF OPERATIONS –Wireless Segment ​ Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2023. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Variance Statements of Operations Data 2024 2023 Amount % ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ ​ Revenue: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Service revenue ​ $ 3,156,760 ​ $ 3,337,240 ​ $ (180,480) ​ (5.4) Equipment sales and other revenue ​ ​ 451,223 ​ ​ 394,920 ​ ​ 56,303 ​ 14.3 Total revenue ​ ​ 3,607,983 ​ ​ 3,732,160 ​ ​ (124,177) ​ (3.3) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Costs and expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of services (1) ​ ​ 3,100,316 ​ ​ 2,012,333 ​ ​ 1,087,983 ​ 54.1 % of Service revenue ​ ​ 98.2 % ​ 60.3 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of sales - equipment and other (2) ​ ​ 1,250,656 ​ ​ 2,110,706 ​ ​ (860,050) ​ (40.7) Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ ​ 954,034 ​ ​ 1,114,485 ​ (160,451) ​ (14.4) % of Total revenue ​ ​ 26.4 % ​ 29.9 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ 1,134,883 ​ ​ 800,629 ​ ​ 334,254 ​ 41.7 Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill ​ ​ — ​ ​ 218,560 ​ ​ (218,560) ​ * Total costs and expenses ​ ​ 6,439,889 ​ ​ 6,256,713 ​ ​ 183,176 ​ 2.9 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income (loss) ​ $ (2,831,906) ​ $ (2,524,553) ​ $ (307,353) ​ (12.2) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other data: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Wireless subscribers, as of period end (in millions)** ​ ​ 6.995 ​ ​ 7.378 ​ ​ (0.383) ​ (5.2) Wireless subscriber additions, gross (in millions) ​ ​ 2.520 ​ ​ 2.743 ​ ​ (0.223) ​ (8.1) Wireless subscriber additions (losses), net (in millions) *** ​ ​ (0.304) ​ ​ (0.617) ​ ​ 0.313 ​ 50.7 Wireless ARPU ​ $ 36.57 ​ $ 36.15 ​ $ 0.42 ​ 1.2 Wireless churn rate ​ ​ 3.00 % ​ 4.17 % ​ (1.17) % (28.1) Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds ​ $ 1,113,823 ​ $ 2,586,151 ​ $ (1,472,328) ​ (56.9) OIBDA ​ $ (1,697,023) ​ $ (1,723,924) ​ $ 26,901 ​ 1.6 (1) Excluding the impact of the Operational Presentation Change, defined below, which totaled $977 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, “Cost of services” for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $111 million compared to the same period in 2023. (2) Excluding the impact of the Operational Presentation Change, defined below, which totaled $977 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, “Cost of sales – equipment and other” for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $117 million compared to the same period in 2023.

• Percentage is not meaningful. ** During the fourth quarter of 2024, we removed approximately 79,000 subscribers from our period end Wireless subscriber count representing Wireless subscribers whose economic interests were sold during the year ended December 31, 2024 and these subscribers will migrate off our network beginning in the second quarter of 2025. This removal had no impact on any other reported subscriber metrics, other than our period end Wireless subscriber count.

Includes Government subsidized subscribers. ​ Wireless subscribers . We lost approximately 304,000 net Wireless subscribers during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the loss of approximately 617,000 net Wireless subscribers during the same period in 2023. This decrease in net Wireless subscriber losses primarily resulted from a lower Wireless churn rate, partially offset by lower gross new Wireless subscriber activations for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. In addition, we had net losses of Government subsidized subscribers during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to net additions in the same period in 2023, primarily due to the ACP program funding concluding on June 1, 2024. See “Wireless Segment – ACP Subscribers” for further information. Excluding the impact of net losses of Government subsidized subscribers, we added approximately 170,000 net Wireless subscribers during the year ended December 31, 2024. 74 ​ Table of Contents ​ Wireless subscribers, gross . During the year ended December 31, 2024, we activated approximately 2.520 million gross new Wireless subscribers compared to approximately 2.743 million gross new Wireless subscribers during the same period in 2023, a decrease of 8.1%. Our gross new Wireless subscribers for the year ended December 31, 2024 was negatively impacted by our emphasis on acquiring and retaining higher quality subscribers and increased competitive pressures, including aggressive competitor marketing, discounted service plans and deeper wireless device subsidies. ​ Wireless churn rate . Our Wireless churn rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 was 3.00% compared to 4.17% for the same period in 2023. Our Wireless churn rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 was positively impacted by our emphasis on acquiring and retaining higher quality subscribers, partially offset by competitive pressures, including deeper wireless device subsidies . In addition, our Wireless churn rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 was negatively impacted by migrating subscribers off the TSA with T-Mobile and onto our new billing and operational support systems. ​ Service revenue. “Service revenue” totaled $3.157 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $180 million or 5.4% compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in “Service revenue” compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily related to a lower average Wireless subscriber base, partially offset by an increase in Wireless ARPU, discussed below. ​ Wireless ARPU. Wireless ARPU was $36.57 during the year ended December 31, 2024 versus $36.15 during the same period in 2023. The $0.42 or 1.2% increase in Wireless ARPU was primarily attributable to a shift in subscriber plan mix to higher priced service plans and increased sales of value added services. This increase was partially offset by providing ACP subscribers discounted or free services as a result of the conclusion of the ACP program funding. ​ Equipment sales and other revenue. “Equipment sales and other revenue” totaled $451 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $56 million or 14.3% compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in “Equipment sales and other revenue” compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily related to wireless devices with h igher revenue per unit shipped due to unit mix, partially offset by a decrease in units shipped and higher promotional subsidies. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we shipped a higher percentage of devices that are compatible with our 5G Network and other devices that have a higher revenue per unit. In addition, this increase was partially offset by lower leased spectrum revenue. ​ Cost of services. “Cost of services” totaled $3.100 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $1.088 billion compared to the same period in 2023. Beginning on January 1, 2024, “Cost of services” includes certain direct costs related to our 5G Network Deployment, including lease expense on communication towers, transport, cloud services and other costs which were previously reported in “Cost of sales – equipment and other” (the “Operational Presentation Change”), which totaled $977 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as a significant portion of our 5G Network was placed into service. Excluding the impact of the Operational Presentation Change, “Cost of services” for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $111 million compared to the same period in 2023. This change primarily resulted from an increase in lease expense on communication towers, transport and other related costs. In addition, beginning on January 1, 2024, as a significant portion of our 5G Network was placed into service, “Cost of services” includes certain personal costs which were previously reported in “Selling, general and administrative expenses.” ​ 75 ​ Table of Contents These increases were partially offset by a lower average Wireless subscriber base, lower network services costs per subscriber and operational efficiencies, partially offset by higher monthly dealer incentive costs. In the third quarter of 2023, we realigned our commission structure with current business objectives to acquire higher quality, long-term subscribers, which resulted in higher monthly dealer incentive costs. The year ended December 31, 2023 was negatively impacted by the migration of subscribers off the TSA with T-Mobile and onto our new billing and operational support systems. We incurred duplicative costs related to our TSA with T-Mobile and our own billing and operational support systems as we migrated subscribers off the TSA with T-Mobile. ​ Cost of sales – equipment and other . “Cost of sales – equipment and other” totaled $1.251 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $860 million compared to the same period in 2023. Excluding the impact of the Operational Presentation Change, “Cost of sales – equipment and other” for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $117 million compared to the same period in 2023. This increase primarily resulted from wireless devices with higher costs per unit shipped due to unit mix, partially offset by a decrease in units shipped and higher vendor rebates. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we shipped a higher percentage of devices that are compatible with our 5G Network and other devices that have a higher cost per unit. ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses. “Selling, general and administrative expenses” totaled $954 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, a $160 million or 14.4% decrease compared to the same period in 2023. This decrease was primarily driven by lower sales commissions and a decrease in costs to support the Wireless segment, partially offset by higher marketing expenditures. In the third quarter of 2023, we realigned our commission structure with current business objectives to acquire higher quality, long-term subscribers, which resulted in lower sales commissions. In addition, beginning on January 1, 2024, as a significant portion of our 5G Network was placed into service, “Cost of services” includes certain personal costs which were previously reported in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” partially driving this decrease. Furthermore, the year ended December 31, 2023 was negatively impacted by costs of migrating subscribers off the TSA with T-Mobile and onto our new billing and operational support systems. ​ Depreciation and amortization. “Depreciation and amortization” expense totaled $1.135 billion during the year ended December 31, 2024 , a $334 million or 41.7% increase compared to the same period in 2023. This change was primarily driven by an increase in depreciation and amortization expense related to 5G Network Deployment assets being placed in service. We expect our depreciation and amortization expense to increase as we continue to place 5G Network Deployment assets into service. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in amortization expense from subscriber relationships related to the Boost Mobile acquisition in 2020, which became fully amortized during the second quarter of 2024. ​ Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill. “ Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill” totaled $219 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This impairment represents a noncash impairment charge for goodwill. See Note 2 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. ​ 76 ​ Table of Contents Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2022. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Variance Statements of Operations Data 2023 2022 Amount % ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ ​ Revenue: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Service revenue ​ $ 3,337,240 ​ $ 3,653,909 ​ $ (316,669) ​ (8.7) Equipment sales and other revenue ​ ​ 394,920 ​ ​ 526,109 ​ ​ (131,189) ​ (24.9) Total revenue ​ ​ 3,732,160 ​ ​ 4,180,018 ​ ​ (447,858) ​ (10.7) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Costs and expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of services ​ ​ 2,012,333 ​ ​ 2,135,073 ​ ​ (122,740) ​ (5.7) % of Service revenue ​ ​ 60.3 % ​ 58.4 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of sales - equipment and other ​ ​ 2,110,706 ​ ​ 1,715,276 ​ ​ 395,430 ​ 23.1 Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ ​ 1,114,485 ​ ​ 929,299 ​ 185,186 ​ 19.9 % of Total revenue ​ ​ 29.9 % ​ 22.2 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ 800,629 ​ ​ 288,602 ​ ​ 512,027 ​ * Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill ​ ​ 218,560 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 218,560 ​ * Total costs and expenses ​ ​ 6,256,713 ​ ​ 5,068,250 ​ ​ 1,188,463 ​ 23.4 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income (loss) ​ $ (2,524,553) ​ $ (888,232) ​ $ (1,636,321) ​ * ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other data: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Wireless subscribers, as of period end (in millions) ** ​ ​ 7.378 ​ ​ 7.983 ​ ​ (0.605) ​ (7.6) Wireless subscriber additions, gross (in millions) ​ ​ 2.743 ​ ​ 3.418 ​ ​ (0.675) ​ (19.7) Wireless subscriber additions (losses), net (in millions) *** ​ ​ (0.617) ​ ​ (0.576) ​ ​ (0.041) ​ (7.1) Wireless ARPU ​ $ 36.15 ​ $ 37.72 ​ $ (1.57) ​ (4.2) Wireless churn rate ​ ​ 4.17 % ​ 4.46 % ​ (0.29) % (6.5) Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds ​ $ 2,586,151 ​ $ 2,596,209 ​ $ (10,058) ​ (0.4) OIBDA ​ $ (1,723,924) ​ $ (599,630) ​ $ (1,124,294) ​ * * Percentage is not meaningful. ** During the second quarter of 2022, we removed approximately 126,000 subscribers from our ending Wireless subscriber count representing Wireless subscribers who did not migrate off the CDMA network prior to the shutdown. The effect of the removal of the 126,000 Wireless subscribers was excluded from the calculation of our net Wireless subscriber additions/losses and Wireless churn rate. In addition, during the third quarter of 2022, approximately 139,000 Boost affiliate subscribers were transferred to us and are included in our ending Wireless subscriber count and excluded from our gross new Wireless subscriber activations .

Includes Government subsidized subscribers. ​ Wireless subscribers . We lost approximately 617,000 net Wireless subscribers during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the loss of approximately 576,000 net Wireless subscribers during the same period in 2022. This increase in net Wireless subscriber losses primarily resulted from lower gross new Wireless subscriber activations, partially offset by an increase in net Government subsidized subscriber additions and a lower Wireless churn rate. ​ Wireless subscribers, gross . During the year ended December 31, 2023, we activated approximately 2.743 million gross new Wireless subscribers compared to approximately 3.418 million gross new Wireless subscribers during the same period in 2022, a decrease of 19.7%. This decrease in our gross new Wireless subscriber activations was primarily related to increased competitive pressures, including aggressive competitor marketing, discounted service plans and deeper wireless device subsidies. In addition, our gross new Wireless subscribers for the year ended December 31, 2023 was negatively impacted by our emphasis on acquiring and retaining higher quality subscribers. ​ 77 ​ Table of Contents Wireless churn rate . Our Wireless churn rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 was 4.17% compared to 4.46% for the same period in 2022. Our Wireless churn rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 was positively impacted by our emphasis on acquiring and retaining higher quality subscribers, partially offset by competitive pressures, including deeper wireless device subsidies. In addition, our Wireless churn rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 was negatively impacted by migrating subscribers off the TSA with T-Mobile and onto our new billing and operational support systems. Furthermore, our Wireless churn rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 was negatively impacted by the shutdown of the CDMA Network. ​ Service revenue. “Service revenue” totaled $3.337 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $317 million or 8.7% compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease in “Service revenue” compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily related to a lower average Wireless subscriber base and a decrease in Wireless ARPU, discussed below. ​ Wireless ARPU. Wireless ARPU was $36.15 during the year ended December 31, 2023 versus $37.72 during the same period in 2022. The $1.57 or 4.2% decrease in Wireless ARPU was primarily attributable to , among other things, a shift in subscriber plan mix to lower priced service plans. ​ Equipment sales and other revenue. “Equipment sales and other revenue” totaled $395 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $131 million or 24.9% compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease in “Equipment sales and other revenue” compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily related to a decrease in wireless device units shipped and higher promotional subsidies, partially offset by higher revenue per unit shipped due to unit mix. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we shipped a higher percentage of devices that are compatible with our 5G Network and other devices that have a higher revenue per unit. ​ Cost of services. “Cost of services” totaled $2.012 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $123 million or 5.7% compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease in “Cost of services” was primarily attributable to a lower average Wireless subscriber base, partially offset by higher monthly dealer incentive costs. During the year ended December  31, 2023, we realigned our commission structure with current business objectives to acquire higher quality, long-term subscribers, which resulted in elevated costs during the transition period. ​ Cost of sales – equipment and other. “Cost of sales – equipment and other” totaled $2.111 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $395 million or 23.1% compared to the same period in 2022. The change in “Cost of sales – equipment and other” compared to the same period in 2022 was related to an increase in lease expense on communication towers, transport, cloud services, and other related costs. In addition, this increase resulted from wireless devices with higher costs per unit shipped due to unit mix, partially offset by a decrease in units shipped. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we shipped a higher percentage of devices that are compatible with our 5G Network and other devices that have a higher cost per unit. ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses. “Selling, general and administrative expenses” totaled $1.114 billion during the year ended December 31, 2023, a $185 million or 19.9% increase compared to the same period in 2022. This change was primarily driven by higher marketing expenditures mainly related to the third quarter of 2023 nationwide expansion of our Boost postpaid wireless service and offering of the iPhone 15 on our 5G Network and increases in costs to support the Wireless segment. The year ended December 31, 2022 was negatively impacted by costs related to the development of our own billing and operational support systems as we prepared to migrate subscribers off the TSA with T-Mobile. ​ Depreciation and amortization. “Depreciation and amortization” expense totaled $801 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, a $512 million increase compared to the same period in 2022. This change was primarily driven by an increase in depreciation and amortization expense related to 5G Network Deployment assets being placed in service. We expect our depreciation and amortization expense to increase as we continue to place 5G Network Deployment assets into service. ​ ​ 78 ​ Table of Contents Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill. “ Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill” totaled $219 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This impairment represents a noncash impairment charge for goodwill. See Note 2 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. ​ ​ 79 ​ Table of Contents Broadband and Satellite Services Segment ​ We are an industry leader in both networking technologies and services, innovating to deliver the global solutions that power a connected future for people, enterprises and things everywhere. We provide broadband services to consumer customers, which include home and small to medium-sized businesses, and satellite, multi-transport technologies and managed network services to enterprise customers, telecommunications providers, airlines and government entities, including civilian and defense. ​ Our EchoStar XXIV satellite began service in December 2023, bringing additional broadband capacity across North and South America and is an integral part of our satellite services business. We have leveraged the EchoStar XXIV to deliver satellite services to unserved and underserved consumer markets in the Americas as well as enterprise, aeronautical and government markets. ​ We also design, provide and install gateway and terminal equipment to customers for other satellite systems. In addition, we design, develop, construct and provide telecommunication networks comprising satellite ground segment systems and terminals to mobile system operators and our enterprise customers. We offer a robust suite of integrated, multi-transport solutions to enable airline and airline service providers to deliver reliable in-flight network connectivity serving both commercial and business aviation. ​ Backlog ​ As of December 31, 2024, our Broadband and Satellite Services segment had approximately $1.6 billion of contracted revenue backlog. We define the Broadband and Satellite Services segment contracted revenue backlog as our expected future revenue under enterprise customer contracts that are non-cancelable, including lease revenue. ​ Competition ​ Our industry is highly competitive. As a global provider of network technologies, products and services, our Broadband and Satellite Services segment competes with a large number of telecommunications and satellite internet service providers. ​ In our enterprise markets, we compete against multiple categories of providers. In the managed services area, we compete against providers of satellite-based and terrestrial-based networks, including fiber optic, cable, wireless internet service and internet protocol-based virtual private networks (VPN), which vary by region. In the in-flight connectivity market, we compete against direct and indirect providers of in-flight WiFi services, such as ViaSat and SpaceX. ​ In our consumer broadband satellite technologies and internet services markets, we compete against traditional telecommunications and wireless carriers, other satellite internet providers, as well as fiber optic, cable and wireless internet service providers. Our primary satellite competitors in the North American consumer market are ViaSat Communications, Inc., which is owned by ViaSat, Inc. (“ViaSat”) and Starlink Services LLC, which is owned by Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (“SpaceX”). Both ViaSat and SpaceX have also entered the South and Central American consumer markets. Our principal competitors for the supply of satellite technology platforms are Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd, ViaSat and ST Engineering iDirect, Inc. ​ ​ ​ 80 ​ Table of Contents ​ RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – Broadband and Satellite Services Segment Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2023. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Variance Statements of Operations Data 2024 2023 Amount % ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ ​ Revenue: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Service revenue ​ $ 1,204,938 ​ $ 1,443,616 ​ $ (238,678) ​ (16.5) Equipment sales and other revenue ​ ​ 370,850 ​ ​ 311,943 ​ ​ 58,907 ​ 18.9 Total revenue ​ ​ 1,575,788 ​ ​ 1,755,559 ​ ​ (179,771) ​ (10.2) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Costs and expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of services ​ ​ 502,740 ​ ​ 530,875 ​ ​ (28,135) ​ (5.3) % of Service revenue ​ ​ 41.7 % ​ 36.8 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of sales - equipment and other ​ ​ 308,412 ​ ​ 241,570 ​ ​ 66,842 ​ 27.7 Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ ​ 422,741 ​ ​ 486,379 ​ ​ (63,638) ​ (13.1) % of Total revenue ​ ​ 26.8 % ​ 27.7 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ 459,796 ​ ​ 419,262 ​ ​ 40,534 ​ 9.7 Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill ​ ​ — ​ ​ 536,082 ​ ​ (536,082) ​ * Total costs and expenses ​ ​ 1,693,689 ​ ​ 2,214,168 ​ ​ (520,479) ​ (23.5) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income (loss) ​ $ (117,901) ​ $ (458,609) ​ $ 340,708 ​ 74.3 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other data: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Broadband subscribers, as of period end (in millions) ​ ​ 0.883 ​ ​ 1.004 ​ ​ (0.121) ​ (12.1) Broadband subscriber additions (losses), net (in millions) ​ ​ (0.121) ​ ​ (0.224) ​ ​ 0.103 ​ 46.0 Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds ** ​ $ 212,581 ​ $ 233,423 ​ $ (20,842) ​ (8.9) OIBDA ​ $ 341,895 ​ $ (39,347) ​ $ 381,242 ​ * * Percentage is not meaningful. ** Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds includes satellite purchases during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 of $4 million and $118 million, respectively. ​ Broadband subscribers. We lost approximately 121,000 net Broadband subscribers for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the loss of approximately 224,000 net Broadband subscribers during the same period in 2023. The decrease in net Broadband subscriber losses was primarily due to lower subscriber disconnects as a result of the new EchoStar XXIV satellite service launch, which increased capacity and subscriber service satisfaction. We continue to operate in a highly competitive environment, with continued pressure from satellite-based competitors and other technologies. ​ Service revenue. “Service revenue” totaled $1.205 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $239 million, or 16.5%, as compared to 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower sales of broadband services to our North American and international consumer customers and our North American enterprise customers. In addition, the year ended December 31, 2023 was positively impacted by revenue from Hughes Systique which was deconsolidated from our Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2023. ​ Equipment sales and other revenue. “Equipment sales and other revenue” totaled $371 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $59 million, or 18.9%, as compared to 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to higher hardware sales to our North American and international enterprise customers, partially offset by a decrease in hardware sales to our mobile satellite system customers. ​ 81 ​ Table of Contents ​ Cost of services. “Cost of services” totaled $503 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $28 million, or 5.3%, as compared to 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower costs of broadband services to our North American and international consumer customers. Our “Cost of services” represented 41.7% and 36.8% of “Service revenue” during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This increase primarily resulted from a change in service mix to lower margin services. ​ Cost of sales – equipment and other. “Cost of sales – equipment and other” totaled $308 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $67 million, or 27.7%, as compared to 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to the corresponding increase in equipment revenue. ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses . “Selling, general and administrative expenses” totaled $423 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $64 million, or 13.1%, as compared to 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower costs to support the Broadband and Satellite Services segment and lower marketing expenditures, partially offset by an increase in bad debt expense. ​ Depreciation and amortization.  “ Depreciation and amortization” expense totaled $460 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $41 million, or 9.7%, as compared to 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in satellite depreciation driven by our EchoStar XXIV satellite, which was placed into service in December 2023. ​ Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill. “ Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill” totaled $536 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This impairment represents a $533 million noncash impairment charge to goodwill and a $3 million noncash impairment for long-lived assets. See Note 2 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. ​ ​ 82 ​ Table of Contents ​ Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2022. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Variance Statements of Operations Data 2023 2022 Amount % ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ ​ Revenue: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Service revenue ​ $ 1,443,616 ​ $ 1,611,069 ​ $ (167,453) ​ (10.4) Equipment sales and other revenue ​ ​ 311,943 ​ ​ 387,024 ​ ​ (75,081) ​ (19.4) Total revenue ​ ​ 1,755,559 ​ ​ 1,998,093 ​ ​ (242,534) ​ (12.1) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Costs and expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of services ​ ​ 530,875 ​ ​ 567,311 ​ ​ (36,436) ​ (6.4) % of Service revenue ​ ​ 36.8 % ​ 35.2 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of sales - equipment and other ​ ​ 241,570 ​ ​ 294,683 ​ ​ (53,113) ​ (18.0) Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ ​ 486,379 ​ ​ 491,025 ​ (4,646) ​ (0.9) % of Total revenue ​ ​ 27.7 % ​ 24.6 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ 419,262 ​ ​ 462,748 ​ ​ (43,486) ​ (9.4) Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill ​ ​ 536,082 ​ ​ 711 ​ ​ 535,371 ​ * Total costs and expenses ​ ​ 2,214,168 ​ ​ 1,816,478 ​ ​ 397,690 ​ 21.9 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income (loss) ​ $ (458,609) ​ $ 181,615 ​ $ (640,224) ​ * ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other data: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Broadband subscribers, as of period end (in millions) ​ ​ 1.004 ​ ​ 1.228 ​ ​ (0.224) ​ (18.2) Broadband subscriber additions (losses), net (in millions) ​ ​ (0.224) ​ ​ (0.234) ​ ​ 0.010 ​ 4.3 Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds ** ​ $ 233,423 ​ $ 325,891 ​ $ (92,468) ​ (28.4) OIBDA ​ $ (39,347) ​ $ 644,363 ​ $ (683,710) ​ * * Percentage is not meaningful. ** Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds includes satellite purchases during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 of $118 million and $92 million, respectively. ​ Broadband subscribers. We lost approximately 224,000 net Broadband subscribers for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the loss of approximately 234,000 net Broadband subscribers during the same period in 2022. The net Broadband subscriber losses for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily resulted from our past capacity limitations, competitive pressure from satellite-based competitors and other technologies , and our emphasis on acquiring and retaining higher quality subscribers. ​ Service revenue. “Service revenue” totaled $1.444 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $167 million, or 10.4%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower sales of broadband services and lower sales to our North American Enterprise customers, partially offset by a net increase in broadband services sales to our international enterprise customers. ​ Equipment sales and other revenue. “Equipment sales and other revenue” totaled $312 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $75 million, or 19.4%, as compared to 2022. The change was primarily attributable to a decrease related to our North American enterprise customers due to lower hardware sales and positive adjustments on certain long-term contracts, and a decrease in hardware sales to our international enterprise customers, partially offset by an increase in sales to our mobile satellite system customers. ​ Cost of services. “Cost of services” totaled $531 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $36 million, or 6.4%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to the corresponding decrease in services and revenue. ​ 83 ​ Table of Contents Cost of sales – equipment and other. “Cost of sales – equipment and other” totaled $242 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $53 million, or 18.0%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to the corresponding decrease in equipment revenue. ​ Selling, general and administrative expenses . “Selling, general and administrative expenses” totaled $486 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $5 million, or 0.9%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreases in sales and marketing expenses, partially offset by Merger related costs. ​ Depreciation and amortization.  “ Depreciation and amortization” expense totaled $419 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $43 million, or 9.4%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreases in other non-satellite depreciation expense, partially offset by increase in satellite depreciation driven by our Al Yah 3 and EchoStar XXIV satellites. ​ Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill. “ Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill” totaled $536 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This impairment represents a $533 million noncash impairment charge to goodwill and a $3 million noncash impairment for long-lived assets. See Note 2 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. ​ 84 ​ Table of Contents ​ OTHER CONSOLIDATED RESULTS ​ Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2023. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Variance Statements of Operations Data 2024 2023 Amount % ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ ​ Operating income (loss) ​ $ (304,070) ​ $ (277,909) ​ $ (26,161) ​ (9.4) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other income (expense): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest income ​ ​ 116,625 ​ ​ 207,374 ​ ​ (90,749) ​ (43.8) Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized ​ ​ (481,622) ​ ​ (90,357) ​ ​ (391,265) ​ * Other, net ​ ​ 593,497 ​ ​ (1,770,792) ​ ​ 2,364,289 ​ * Total other income (expense) ​ ​ 228,500 ​ ​ (1,653,775) ​ ​ 1,882,275 ​ * ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Income (loss) before income taxes ​ ​ (75,570) ​ ​ (1,931,684) ​ ​ 1,856,114 ​ 96.1 Income tax (provision) benefit, net ​ ​ (48,945) ​ ​ 296,860 ​ ​ (345,805) ​ * Effective tax rate ​ ​ (64.8) % ​ 15.4 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income (loss) ​ ​ (124,515) ​ ​ (1,634,824) ​ ​ 1,510,309 ​ 92.4 Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax ​ ​ (4,969) ​ ​ 67,233 ​ ​ (72,202) ​ * Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar ​ $ (119,546) ​ $ (1,702,057) ​ $ 1,582,511 ​ 93.0 * Percentage is not meaningful. ​ Interest income. “Interest income” totaled $117 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $91 million compared to the same period in 2023. This decrease primarily resulted from lower average cash and marketable investment securities balances during the  year ended December 31, 2024. ​ Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized. “ Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized ” totaled $482 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $391 million compared to the same period in 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2024, as the qualifying assets, including markets within certain bands of wireless spectrum licenses, have been placed into service with the deployment of our 5G Network, we no longer capitalize interest on those assets and as a result, capitalized interest was reduced by $230 million, and interest expense increased. See Note 2 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. In addition, this increase resulted from the DISH DBS Financing and issuance of new senior secured and convertible notes, partially offset by the redemption of debt that matured in March and November 2024 and the extinguishment of our Existing DISH Convertible Notes in connection with the EchoStar Exchange Offers, as defined and detailed in Note 10 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K . ​ Other, net. “Other, net” income totaled $593 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to expense of $1.771 billion during the same period in 2023. The year ended December 31, 2024 was positively impacted by a gain on debt extinguishment of $689 million and a $50 million gain on the Liberty Puerto Rico Asset Sale. The year ended December 31, 2024 was also negatively impacted by a $73 million loss in equity in earnings, including $63 million from our portion of Invidi’s goodwill impairment, and $73 million in net losses and impairments on marketable and non-marketable investment securities. See Note 6, Note 10 and Note 15 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. The year ended December 31, 2023 was negatively impacted by a $1.793 billion decrease in the fair value of our option to purchase certain of T-Mobile’s 800 MHz spectrum licenses and $26 million in net losses and impairments on marketable and non-marketable investment securities, partially offset by $ 73 million of early debt extinguishment gains from the repurchases of our convertible notes. ​ 85 ​ Table of Contents ​ Income tax (provision) benefit, net. Our income tax provision was $49 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to a benefit of $297 million for the same period in 2023. The change was primarily related to a decrease in “Income (loss) before income taxes” and the change in our effective tax rate. Our effective tax rate during the year ended December 31, 2024 was impacted by federal, state and foreign valuation allowances. 86 ​ Table of Contents ​ Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2022. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Variance Statements of Operations Data 2023 2022 Amount % ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ ​ Operating income (loss) ​ $ (277,909) ​ $ 2,232,838 ​ $ (2,510,747) ​ * ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other income (expense): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest income ​ ​ 207,374 ​ ​ 93,240 ​ ​ 114,134 ​ * Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized ​ ​ (90,357) ​ ​ (79,217) ​ ​ (11,140) ​ (14.1) Other, net ​ ​ (1,770,792) ​ ​ 1,088,441 ​ ​ (2,859,233) ​ * Total other income (expense) ​ ​ (1,653,775) ​ ​ 1,102,464 ​ ​ (2,756,239) ​ * ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Income (loss) before income taxes ​ ​ (1,931,684) ​ ​ 3,335,302 ​ ​ (5,266,986) ​ * Income tax (provision) benefit, net ​ ​ 296,860 ​ ​ (798,410) ​ ​ 1,095,270 ​ * Effective tax rate ​ ​ 15.4 % ​ 23.9 % ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income (loss) ​ ​ (1,634,824) ​ ​ 2,536,892 ​ ​ (4,171,716) ​ * Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax ​ ​ 67,233 ​ ​ 59,172 ​ ​ 8,061 ​ 13.6 Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar ​ $ (1,702,057) ​ $ 2,477,720 ​ $ (4,179,777) ​ * * Percentage is not meaningful. ​ Interest income. “Interest income” totaled $207 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $114 million compared to the same period in 2022. This increase primarily resulted from higher percentage returns earned on our cash and marketable investment securities, partially offset by lower average cash and marketable investment securities balances during the year ended December 31, 2023. ​ Other, net. “Other, net” expense totaled $1.771 billion during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to income of $1.088 billion during the same period in 2022. This change primarily resulted from a loss of approximately $1.793 billion as the probability weighted fair value of our option to purchase certain of T-Mobile’s 800 MHz spectrum licenses was reduced to zero compared to a $1.015 billion increase during the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition, the year ended December 31, 2023 was negatively impacted by a $103 million net decrease in gains on marketable and non-marketable investment securities and impairments of “Other investment securities, net.” Furthermore, the year ended December 31, 2023 was positively impacted by $ 73 million of early debt extinguishment gains from the repurchases of our convertible notes. See Note 6 and 10 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. ​ Income tax (provision) benefit, net. Our income tax benefit was $297 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to a provision of $798 million during the same period in 2022. The change was primarily related to a decrease in “Income (loss) before income taxes” and the change in our effective tax rate. Our effective tax rate during the year ended December 31, 2023 was impacted by noncash impairment charges to goodwill, and federal, state and foreign valuation allowances. ​ ​ 87 ​ Table of Contents Non-GAAP Performance Measures and Reconciliation ​ It is management’s intent to provide non-GAAP financial information to enhance the understanding of our GAAP financial information, and it should be considered by the reader in addition to, but not instead of, the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. Each non-GAAP financial measure is presented along with the corresponding GAAP measure so as not to imply that more emphasis should be placed on the non-GAAP measure. We believe that providing these non-GAAP measures in addition to the GAAP measures allows management, investors and other users of our financial information to more fully and accurately assess both consolidated and segment performance. The non-GAAP financial information presented may be determined or calculated differently by other companies and may not be directly comparable to that of other companies. ​ Segment OIBDA ​ Segment OIBDA, which is presented below, is a non-GAAP measure and does not purport to be an alternative to operating income (loss) as a measure of operating performance. We believe this measure is useful to management, investors and other users of our financial information in evaluating operating profitability of our business segments on a more variable cost basis as it excludes the depreciation and amortization expenses related primarily to capital expenditures and acquisitions for those business segments, as well as in evaluating operating performance in relation to our competitors. Segment OIBDA is calculated by adding back depreciation and amortization expense to business segments’ operating income (loss). See Note 16 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Year Ended December 31, 2024 Pay-TV Wireless Broadband and Satellite Services ​ Eliminations Consolidated ​ ​ (In thousands) Segment operating income (loss) ​ $ 2,647,954 ​ $ (2,831,906) ​ $ (117,901) ​ $ (2,217) ​ $ (304,070) Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ 337,331 ​ ​ 1,134,883 ​ ​ 459,796 ​ ​ (1,817) ​ ​ 1,930,193 OIBDA ​ $ 2,985,285 ​ $ (1,697,023) ​ $ 341,895 ​ $ (4,034) ​ $ 1,626,123 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Segment operating income (loss) ​ $ 2,699,810 ​ $ (2,524,553) ​ $ (458,609) ​ $ 5,443 ​ $ (277,909) Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ 381,292 ​ ​ 800,629 ​ ​ 419,262 ​ ​ (3,260) ​ ​ 1,597,923 OIBDA ​ $ 3,081,102 ​ $ (1,723,924) ​ $ (39,347) ​ $ 2,183 ​ $ 1,320,014 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Segment operating income (loss) ​ $ 2,933,898 ​ $ (888,232) ​ $ 181,615 ​ $ 5,557 ​ $ 2,232,838 Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ 428,471 ​ ​ 288,602 ​ ​ 462,748 ​ ​ (4,926) ​ ​ 1,174,895 OIBDA ​ $ 3,362,369 ​ $ (599,630) ​ $ 644,363 ​ $ 631 ​ $ 3,407,733 ​ The changes in OIBDA during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, were primarily a result of the factors described in connection with operating revenues and operating expenses, and the “ Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill” of: (1) $536 million from our Broadband and Satellite Services segment; (2) $219 million from our Wireless segment; and (3) $6 million from our Pay-TV segment during the year ended December 31, 2023. ​ GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION ​ Our senior secured notes consisting of our 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 and 6 3/4 % Senior Secured Notes due 2030 and our 3 7/8% Convertible Secured Notes due 2030 (together, the “EchoStar Notes”) are jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior secured basis by certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”). Specifically, Northstar Wireless, LLC, SNR Wireless LicenseCo, LLC, DBSD Corporation and Gamma Acquisition L.L.C. the (“Spectrum Assets Guarantors”) and Northstar Spectrum, LLC, SNR Wireless HoldCo, LLC, DBSD Services Limited and Gamma Acquisition HoldCo, L.L.C. the (“Equity Pledge Guarantors”). ​ 88 ​ Table of Contents Certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries are designated as “Unrestricted Subsidiaries” and do not guarantee any of our registered senior notes. The guarantee of the Guarantors will be discharged and released in accordance with the terms of the applicable indenture. The rights of holders of the registered senior notes against the Guarantors may be limited under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or state fraudulent transfer or conveyance law. ​ Each entity in the summarized combined financial information follows the same accounting policies as described in the consolidated financial statements. Information for the non-Guarantor subsidiaries has been excluded from the combined summarized financial information of the obligated group. The accompanying summarized combined financial information does not reflect investments of the obligated group in non-Guarantor subsidiaries. The financial information of the obligated group is presented on a combined basis and is derived from EchoStar’s consolidated financial statements; intercompany balances and transactions within the obligated group have been eliminated. The obligated group’s amounts due to non-Guarantor subsidiaries and related parties have been presented in separate line items. ​ The summarized balance sheet information for the combined obligor group of the EchoStar Notes is presented in the table below. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, 2024 ​ ​ (In thousands) Current assets $ 6,234,658 Noncurrent assets ​ ​ 17,397,691 Current liabilities ​ ​ 411,704 Noncurrent liabilities ​ ​ 9,254,862 Due from non-guarantors ​ ​ 1,470,067 ​ The summarized results of operations information for the combined obligor group of the EchoStar Notes is presented in the table below. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Year Ended ​ ​ December 31, 2024 ​ ​ (In thousands) Total revenues $ 60,894 Operating income (loss) ​ ​ 49,284 Net income (loss) ​ ​ (26,015) Revenue from non-guarantors ​ ​ 58,200 ​ ​ LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES ​ Cash, Cash Equivalents, Current Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents and Current Marketable Investment Securities ​ We consider all liquid investments purchased with a remaining maturity of 90 days or less at the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. See Note 3, Note 6 and Note 10 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for defined terms and further information regarding our current financing transactions and marketable investment securities. As of December 31, 2024, our cash, cash equivalents, current restricted cash and cash equivalents, and current marketable investment securities totaled $5.698 billion compared to $2.444 billion as of December 31, 2023, an increase of $3.254 billion. This increase in cash, cash equivalents, current restricted cash and cash equivalents, and current marketable investment securities primarily resulted from $5.204 billion in net proceeds from the issuance of our 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 and 3 7/8% Convertible Secured Notes due 2030, $2.365 billion in net proceeds from the New DISH DBS Financing, $400 million in net proceeds from the issuance of PIPE Shares and cash generated from operating activities of $1.253 billion, partially offset by capital expenditures, net of refunds, of $2.497 billion (including capitalized interest related to Regulatory authorizations), the redemption of our 2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024 and 5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2024 of $2.934 billion and the purchase of SNR Management’s ownership interest in SNR HoldCo of $442 million. 89 ​ Table of Contents ​ Debt Issuances and Maturity ​ 11 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due November 15, 2027 ​ On November 15, 2022 and January 26, 2023, we issued $2.0 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, aggregate principal amount of our 11 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due November 15, 2027. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 11 3/4% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year. ​ New DISH DBS Financing ​ On September 29, 2024 (the “Financing Closing Date”), we and our subsidiary, DBS SubscriberCo, received $2.5 billion in financing from TPG Angelo Gordon and other co-lenders in the form of Term Loans and Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Shares (each as defined below and together, the “New DISH DBS Financing”). On the Financing Closing Date, DBS SubscriberCo, entered into an amended and restated limited liability company agreement (the “SubscriberCo LLCA”), pursuant to which, among other things, DBS SubscriberCo issued to certain investors (the “Preferred Members”) redeemable preferred equity interests (the “Preferred Membership Interests”) with an aggregate liquidation preference of $200 million (the “Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Shares”). Approximately $2.047 billion in proceeds received from the New DISH DBS Financing were used for the redemption of the principal balance and remaining interest outstanding on our 5 7/8% Senior Notes due November 15, 2024. The New DISH DBS Financing consists of the following: (i) initial term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $1.8 billion that mature on June 30, 2029 (the “Term Loan due 2029”), (ii) incremental term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $500 million that are payable in equal monthly installments which began in January 2025 and mature on September 30, 2025 (the “Term Loan due 2025”) and (iii) $200 million Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Shares that mature on June 30, 2029. ​ Interest on the Term Loans accrues and is payable monthly, generally in cash. The interest rate with respect to the Term Loan due 2029 is (i) from (and including) the Financing Closing Date and until (but excluding) the date that is twelve months thereafter, 10.75% per annum and (ii) from (and including) the date that is twelve months after the Financing Closing Date and until June 30, 2029, 11.25% per annum. The interest rate with respect to the Term Loan due 2025 is 11.00% per annum. The Preferred Membership Interests have a preferential cumulative return that accumulates daily in arrears at a rate of: (a) from (and including) the Financing Closing Date and until (but excluding) the date that is 12 months thereafter, 13.25% per annum and (b) from (and including) the date that is 12 months after the Financing Closing Date and until June 30, 2029 (or the first business day thereafter), 13.75% per annum, payable in cash monthly and a liquidation preference equal to the issue price plus all accrued and unpaid dividends. ​ 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due November 30, 2029 ​ On November 12, 2024, we issued $5.356 billion aggregate principal amount of our 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due November 30, 2029. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 10 3/4% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on May 30 and November 30 of each year, commencing on May 30, 2025. ​ 6 3/4 % Senior Secured Notes due November 30, 2030 ​ On November 12, 2024, we issued $2.288 billion aggregate principal amount of our 6 3/4 % Senior Secured Notes due November 30, 2030 as a result of the consummation of the EchoStar Exchange Offers, as detailed and defined in Note 10 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K . Interest accrues at an annual rate of 6 3/4 % and is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 30 and November 30 of each year, commencing on May 30, 2025. Interest payments are, at our option, payable in cash or in kind for the first four interest payment periods. Interest payments from and including the fifth interest payment period (which will be payable on May 30, 2027) and thereafter must be paid in cash. ​ 90 ​ Table of Contents ​ 3 7/8% Convertible Secured Notes due November 30, 2030 ​ On November 12, 2024, we issued $1.906 billion aggregate principal amount of our 3 7/8% Convertible Secured Notes due November 30, 2030, including $1.876 billion as a result of the consummation of the EchoStar Exchange Offers, as detailed and defined in Note 10 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K . Interest accrues at an annual rate of 3 7/8% and is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 30 and November 30 of each year, commencing on May 30, 2025. Interest payments are, at our option, payable in cash or in kind for the first four interest payment periods. Interest payments from and including the fifth interest payment period (which will be payable on May 30, 2027) and thereafter must be paid in cash. ​ 5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022 ​ Our 5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022 with an aggregate principal balance of $2.0 billion were repurchased or redeemed as of July 15, 2022, the instrument’s maturity date. ​ 5% Senior Notes due 2023 ​ Our 5% Senior Notes due 2023 with an aggregate principal balance of $1.5 billion were repurchased or redeemed as of March 15, 2023, the instrument’s maturity date . ​ 2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024 ​ Our 2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024 with an aggregate principal balance of $1.0 billion were repurchased or redeemed as of March 15, 2024 , the instrument’s maturity date . ​ 5   7/8% Senior Notes due 2024 ​ Our 5   7/8% Senior Notes due 2024 with an aggregate principal balance of $2.0 billion were repurchased or redeemed as of November 15, 2024, the instrument’s maturity date. ​ 0% Convertible Notes due 2025 ​ On November 12, 2024, $1.819 billion aggregate principal amount of our 0% Convertible Notes due 2025 were extinguished as a result of the consummation of the EchoStar Exchange Offers, as detailed and defined in Note 10 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. A total of $138 million aggregate principal amount of our 0% Convertible Notes due 2025 remain outstanding. ​ 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 ​ On November 12, 2024, $2.863 billion aggregate principal amount of our 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 were extinguished as a result of the consummation of the EchoStar Exchange Offers, as detailed and defined in Note 10 to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. A total of $45 million aggregate principal amount of our 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 remain outstanding. ​ Cash Flow ​ The following discussion highlights our cash flow activities during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. ​ Cash flows from operating activities. We typically reinvest the cash flow from operating activities in our business primarily to grow our subscriber base, expand our infrastructure, make strategic investments, such as significant investments in our Wireless business, including our 5G Network Deployment, and repay debt obligations. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we reported “Net cash flows from operating activities” of $1.253 billion, $2.433 billion and $3.621 billion, respectively. 91 ​ Table of Contents ​ Net cash flows from operating activities from 2023 to 2024 decreased $1.180 billion, primarily attributable to a $815 million decrease in income adjusted to exclude non-cash charges for “Depreciation and amortization” expense, “Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments, impairments and other,” “EchoStar Exchange Offers debt extinguishment losses (gains),” “Liberty Puerto Rico Asset Sale losses (gains),” “Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on derivatives,” “Non-cash, stock-based compensation” expense, “Deferred tax expense (benefit),” “Equity in (earnings) losses of affiliates,” and “Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill.” In addition, this change also includes decreases in cash flows resulting from changes in operating assets and liabilities principally attributable to timing differences between book expense and cash payments, including taxes. ​ Net cash flows from operating activities from 2022 to 2023 decreased $1.189 billion, primarily attributable to a $1.352 billion decrease in income adjusted to exclude non-cash charges for “Depreciation and amortization” expense, “Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments, impairments and other,” “Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on derivatives,” “Non-cash, stock-based compensation” expense, “Deferred tax expense (benefit) and “Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill.” In addition, this change also includes decreases in cash flows resulting from changes in operating assets and liabilities principally attributable to timing differences between book expense and cash payments, including taxes. ​ Cash flows from investing activities. Our investing activities generally include purchases and sales of marketable investment securities, acquisitions, strategic investments, including purchases and settlements of derivative financial instruments, and purchases of wireless spectrum licenses, capital expenditures and capitalized interest. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we reported outflows from “Net cash flows from investing activities” of $3.048 billion, $2.809 billion and $9.060 billion, respectively. ​ The year ended December 31, 2024 was impacted by cash outflows primarily related to capital expenditures, net of refunds, of $2.497 billion (including capitalized interest related to Regulatory authorizations) and $681 million in net purchases of marketable investment securities, partially offset by $95 million in proceeds from the Liberty Puerto Rico Asset Sale. ​ The year ended December 31, 2023 was impacted by cash outflows primarily related to capital expenditures, net of refunds, of $4.225 billion (including capitalized interest related to Regulatory authorizations), partially offset by $1.303 billion in net sales of marketable investment securities and $148 million in proceeds from other debt investments. ​ The year ended December 31, 2022 was impacted by cash outflows primarily related to a $7.207 billion payment to the FCC for the 3.45–3.55 GHz band licenses and capital expenditures, net of refunds, of $4.035 billion (including capitalized interest related to Regulatory authorizations), partially offset by $2.194 billion in net sales of marketable investment securities. ​ During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, capital expenditures for wireless equipment totaled $1.114 billion, $2.586 billion and $2.596 billion, respectively. The decrease in 2024 for wireless equipment was primarily driven by the deceleration of our 5G Network Deployment as a result of achieving several build-out deadlines during 2023. In addition, capital expenditures during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 for new and existing DISH TV customer equipment totaled $52 million, $75 million and $78 million, respectively. The decrease in 2024 for new and existing DISH TV customer equipment primarily resulted from lower gross new DISH TV subscriber activations and a higher percentage of remanufactured receivers being activated on new subscriber accounts. ​ During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, capital expenditures for satellites related to our Pay-TV segment totaled $121 million and $105 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, other corporate capital expenditures totaled $46 million, $63 million and $50 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 capital expenditures for our Broadband and Satellite Services segment, net of refunds, totaled $212 million, $233 million and $326 million, respectively. ​ 92 ​ Table of Contents Cash flows from financing activities. Our financing activities generally include net proceeds related to the issuance of equity and short-term, long-term and convertible debt, cash used for the repurchase, redemption or payment of long-term debt and finance lease obligations, and repurchases of our Class A common stock. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we reported “Net cash flows from financing activities” inflows of $4.484 billion, outflows of $277 million and $274 million, respectively. ​ The net cash inflows in 2024 primarily related to $5.204 billion in net proceeds from the issuance of our 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 and 3 7/8% Convertible Secured Notes due 2030, $2.365 billion in net proceeds from the New DISH DBS Financing, $400 million in net proceeds from the issuance of PIPE Shares, partially offset by the redemption of our 2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024 and 5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2024 of $2.934 billion and the purchase of SNR Management’s ownership interest in SNR HoldCo of $442 million. ​ The net cash outflows in 2023 primarily related to the repurchases and redemption of our senior notes of $1.461 billion, net repurchases of our Convertible Notes of $110 million and repayments of long-term debt and finance lease obligations of $122 million, partially offset by $1.522 billion in net proceeds from the issuance of our 11 3/4% Senior Notes due 2027. ​ The net cash outflows in 2022 primarily related to the repurchases and redemption of our 5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2022 with an aggregate principal balance of $2.0 billion, $89 million of repurchases of our treasury shares and $57 million of repurchases of our 5% Senior Notes due 2023 in open market trades, partially offset by $1.949 billion in net proceeds from the issuance of our 11 3/4% Senior Notes due 2027. ​ Free Cash Flow ​ We define free cash flow as “Net cash flows from operating activities” less: (i) “Purchases of property and equipment” net of “Refunds and other receipts of purchases of property and equipment,” and (ii) “Capitalized interest related to Regulatory authorizations,” as shown on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We believe free cash flow is an important liquidity metric because it measures, during a given period, the amount of cash generated that is available to repay debt obligations, make investments (including strategic wireless investments), fund acquisitions and for certain other activities. Free cash flow is not a measure determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered a substitute for “Operating income (loss),” “Net income (loss),” “Net cash flows from operating activities” or any other measure determined in accordance with GAAP. Since free cash flow includes investments in operating assets, we believe this non-GAAP liquidity measure is useful in addition to the most directly comparable GAAP measure “Net cash flows from operating activities.” ​ Free cash flow can be significantly impacted from period to period by changes in “Net income (loss)” adjusted to exclude certain non-cash charges, operating assets and liabilities, “Purchases of property and equipment,” net of “Refunds and other receipts of purchases of property and equipment,” and “Capitalized interest related to Regulatory authorizations .” These items are shown in the “Net cash flows from operating activities” and “Net cash flows from investing activities” sections on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows included herein. Operating asset and liability balances can fluctuate significantly from period to period and there can be no assurance that free cash flow will not be negatively impacted by material changes in operating assets and liabilities in future periods, since these changes depend upon, among other things, management’s timing of payments and control of inventory levels, and cash receipts. In addition to fluctuations resulting from changes in operating assets and liabilities, free cash flow can vary significantly from period to period depending upon, among other things, subscriber additions (losses), service revenue, subscriber churn, subscriber acquisition and retention costs including amounts capitalized under our equipment lease programs for DISH TV subscribers, operating efficiencies, increases or decreases in purchases of property and equipment, expenditures related to our 5G Network Deployment and other factors. ​ 93 ​ Table of Contents ​ The following table reconciles free cash flow to “Net cash flows from operating activities.” ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) Net cash flows from operating activities ​ $ 1,252,697 ​ $ 2,432,647 ​ $ 3,621,190 Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds (including capitalized interest related to Regulatory authorizations) ​ ​ (2,496,624) ​ ​ (4,224,783) ​ ​ (4,034,781) Free cash flow ​ $ (1,243,927) ​ $ (1,792,136) ​ $ (413,591) ​ Operational Liquidity ​ We make general investments in property such as, among others, satellites, wireless devices, set-top boxes, information technology and facilities that support our Pay-TV, Wireless and Broadband and Satellite Services segments. We are also making significant additional investments and may partner with others to, among other things, continue our 5G Network Deployment and further commercialize, build-out and integrate our Wireless spectrum licenses and related assets. Moreover, since we are primarily a subscriber-based company, we also make subscriber-specific investments to acquire new subscribers and retain existing subscribers.  While the general investments may be deferred without impacting the business in the short-term, the subscriber-specific investments are less discretionary. Our overall objective is to generate sufficient cash flow over the life of each subscriber to provide an adequate return against the upfront investment.  Once the upfront investment has been made for each subscriber, the subsequent cash flow is generally positive, but there can be no assurance that over time we will recoup or earn a return on the upfront investment. ​ There are a number of factors that impact our future cash flow compared to the cash flow we generate at a given point in time.  The first factor is our churn rate and how successful we are at retaining our current subscribers.  To the extent we lose subscribers from our existing base, the positive cash flow from that base is correspondingly reduced.  The second factor is how successful we are at maintaining our service margins.  To the extent our “Cost of services” grow faster than our “Service revenue,” the amount of cash flow that is generated per existing subscriber is reduced.  Our Pay-TV service margins have been reduced by, among other things, higher programming costs.  Our Wireless service margins are impacted by, among other things, our MNSA agreement with T-Mobile and our NSA agreement with AT&T and the speed with which we are able to migrate Wireless subscribers onto our 5G Network.  The third factor is the rate at which we acquire new Pay-TV, Wireless and Broadband subscribers.  The faster we acquire new subscribers, the more our positive ongoing cash flow from existing subscribers is offset by the negative upfront cash flow associated with acquiring new subscribers.  Conversely, the slower we acquire subscribers, the more our operating cash flow is enhanced in that period. ​ 94 ​ Table of Contents ​ Finally, our future cash flow is impacted by, among other things, the rate at which we complete our 5G Network Deployment, incur litigation expense, make cash interest payments, and any cash flow from financing activities. We anticipate operating expenditures for our 5G Network Deployment to increase for 2025 as we continue to, among other things, deploy cell sites and communication towers to continue to commercialize our 5G Network. We expect our capital expenditures may decrease in the near term. However, as we prepare for our next build-out requirement deadlines, we expect our capital expenditures to increase as we approach these deadlines. As a result, our historical cash flow is not necessarily indicative of our future cash flows. As of December 31, 2024, as a result of, among other things, capital expenditures for our 5G Network Deployment, we experienced negative free cash flow. We expect that this trend will continue in 2025 and in future periods. In addition, declines in our Pay-TV and Wireless subscriber base and any decrease in subscriber-related margins negatively impact our cash flow, and there can be no assurance that our subscriber declines will not continue. ​ Subscriber Base – Pay TV, Wireless and Broadband and Satellite Services Segments ​ See “Results of Operations” above for further information. ​ Subscriber Acquisition and Retention Costs ​ We incur significant upfront costs to acquire Pay-TV, Wireless and Broadband subscribers, including, but not limited to, advertising, independent third-party retailer incentives, payments made to third parties, equipment and wireless device subsidies, installation services, and/or new customer promotions. While we attempt to recoup these upfront costs over the lives of their subscription, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in achieving that objective. We employ certain business rules for acquiring subscribers, including, but not limited to, minimum credit requirements, identity verification and contractual commitments. We strive to provide outstanding customer service to increase the likelihood of customers keeping their service over longer periods of time. Our subscriber acquisition costs may vary significantly from period to period. ​ We incur significant costs to retain our existing DISH TV subscribers, generally as a result of upgrading their equipment to next generation receivers, primarily including our Hopper ® receivers, and by providing retention credits. As with our subscriber acquisition costs, our retention upgrade spending includes the cost of equipment and installation services. In certain circumstances, we also offer programming at no additional charge and/or promotional pricing for limited periods to existing customers in exchange for a contractual commitment to receive service for a minimum term. A component of our retention efforts includes the installation of equipment for customers who move. Retention costs for Wireless subscribers are primarily related to promotional pricing on upgraded wireless devices for qualified existing subscribers and promotional credits. Our DISH TV and Wireless subscriber retention costs may vary significantly from period to period. ​ Seasonality ​ Historically, the first half of the year generally produces fewer gross new DISH TV subscriber activations than the second half of the year, as is typical in the pay-TV industry. In addition, the first and fourth quarters generally produce a lower DISH TV churn rate than the second and third quarters. However, in recent years, as the pay-TV industry has matured, we and our competitors increasingly must seek to attract a greater proportion of new subscribers from each other’s existing subscriber bases rather than from first-time purchasers of pay-TV services. As a result, historical trends in seasonality described above may not be indicative of future trends. ​ Our net SLING TV subscriber additions are impacted by, among other things, certain major sporting events and other major television events. The first and third quarters generally produce higher gross new Wireless subscriber activations. The historical trends discussed above, for net DISH TV subscriber additions, net SLING TV subscriber additions and gross new Wireless subscriber activations, may not be indicative of future trends. There can be no assurance that these trends will not continue and/or accelerate. ​ 95 ​ Table of Contents Satellites ​ Pay-TV Segment. Operation of our DISH TV services requires that we have adequate satellite transmission capacity for the programming that we offer. Moreover, competitive conditions may require that we expand our offering of new programming. While we generally have had in-orbit satellite capacity sufficient to transmit our existing channels and some backup capacity to recover the transmission of certain critical programming, our backup capacity is limited. In the event of a failure or loss of any of our owned or leased satellites, we may need to acquire or lease additional satellite capacity or relocate one of our other satellites and use it as a replacement for the failed or lost satellite. Such a failure could result in a prolonged loss of critical programming or a significant delay in our plans to expand programming as necessary to remain competitive and cause us to expend a significant portion of our cash to acquire or lease additional satellite capacity. ​ Broadband and Satellite Services Segment. Operation of our Broadband and Satellite Services segment also requires adequate satellite transmission capacity for the services that we offer. In the event of a failure or loss of any of our owned or leased satellites, we may need to acquire or lease additional satellite capacity or relocate one of our other satellites and use it as a replacement for the failed or lost satellite. Such a failure could result in a prolonged loss of services. ​ Satellite Insurance ​ We generally do not carry commercial in-orbit insurance on any of the satellites that we own and therefore, we will bear the risk associated with any uninsured in-orbit satellite failures. ​ Pursuant to the terms of our joint venture agreement with Al Yah Satellite Communications Company PrJSC (“Yahsat”) in Brazil in 2019, we are required to maintain insurance for the Al Yah 3 Brazilian payload during the commercial in-orbit service of such payload, subject to certain limitations on coverage. The insurance policies were procured by Yahsat, under which we and Yahsat are the beneficiaries of any claims in proportion to their shareholdings. An insurance claim was submitted in the second quarter of 2023 for compensation with respect to the reduction in estimated useful life of the Al Yah 3 satellite. As of December 31, 2024, we have yet to receive any compensation from the insurance claim. We will continue to assess circumstances going forward and make insurance-related decisions on a case-by-case basis. ​ Stock Repurchases ​ Our Board of Directors previously authorized stock repurchases of up to $500 million of our outstanding Class A common stock. On October 20, 2022, our Board of Directors extended this authorization to repurchase up to $500 million of our outstanding Class A common stock through and including December 31, 2023. This program expired December 31, 2023. On October 25, 2024, our Board of Directors authorized stock repurchases of up to $1.0 billion of our outstanding Class A common stock through and including December 31, 2025. During both the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no repurchases of our Class A common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased 3,980,612 shares of our Class A common stock. ​ 96 ​ Table of Contents ​ Covenants and Restrictions Related to our Long-Term Debt ​ We are subject to the covenants and restrictions set forth in the indentures related to our long-term debt. ​ EchoStar Corporation ​ The indentures related to our outstanding EchoStar senior secured notes and convertible senior secured notes contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, impose limitations on our and certain of our subsidiaries’ ability to: (i) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness; (ii) make certain investments and other restricted payments; (iii) create liens; (iv) enter into certain transactions with affiliates; (v) merge or consolidate with another company; (vi)  transfer or sell assets; (vii) allow to exist certain restrictions on paying dividends or other payments; and (viii) guarantor engagement in new activities. Should we fail to comply with these covenants, all or a portion of the debt under the senior secured notes could become immediately payable. The senior secured notes also provide that the debt may be required to be prepaid if certain change-in-control events occur. In addition, the convertible senior secured notes provide that, if a “fundamental change” (as defined in the related indenture) occurs, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or part of their convertible notes. As of the date of filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we were in compliance with the covenants and restrictions related to our respective long-term debt. ​ DISH Network and DISH D BS Corporation ​ The indentures related to our outstanding senior notes issued by DISH DBS Corporation (“DISH DBS”) contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, impose limitations on the ability of DISH DBS and its restricted subsidiaries to: (i) incur additional indebtedness; (ii) enter into sale and leaseback transactions; (iii) pay dividends or make distributions on DISH DBS’ capital stock or repurchase DISH DBS’ capital stock; (iv) make certain investments; (v) create liens; (vi) enter into certain transactions with affiliates; (vii) merge or consolidate with another company; and (viii)  transfer or sell assets. The indentures related to our outstanding DISH Network and DISH DBS senior secured notes contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, impose limitations on our ability and certain of our subsidiaries to: (i) incur additional indebtedness; (ii) enter into sale and leaseback transactions; (iii) pay dividends or make distributions on our capital stock or repurchase our capital stock; (iv) make certain investments of spectrum collateral ; (v) create liens; (vi) enter into certain transactions with affiliates; (vii) merge or consolidate with another company; and (viii)  transfer or sell assets. Should we fail to comply with these covenants, all or a portion of the debt under the senior notes, senior secured notes and our other long-term debt could become immediately payable. The senior notes and senior secured notes also provide that the debt may be required to be prepaid if certain change-in-control events occur. In addition, the Convertible Notes provide that, if a “fundamental change” (as defined in the related indenture) occurs, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or part of their Convertible Notes. As of the date of filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we, DISH Network and DISH DBS were in compliance with the covenants and restrictions related to our respective long-term debt. ​ Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation ​ The indentures related to our outstanding senior notes issued by Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation (“HSSC”) contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, impose limitations on the ability of HSSC and its restricted subsidiaries to: (i) incur additional indebtedness; (ii) pay dividends or make distributions on HSSC’s capital stock or repurchase HSSC’s capital stock; (iii)  allow to exist certain restrictions on such subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, make distributions, make other payments, or transfer assets; (iv) make certain investments; (v) create liens; (vi) enter into certain transactions with affiliates; (vii) merge or consolidate with another company; and (viii) transfer or sell assets. As of the date of filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we and HSSC were in compliance with the covenants and restrictions related to our respective long-term debt. ​ 97 ​ Table of Contents ​ Other ​ We are also vulnerable to fraud, particularly in the acquisition of new subscribers, which includes the sale of wireless devices. While we are addressing the impact of subscriber fraud through a number of actions, there can be no assurance that we will not continue to experience fraud or that any fraud we have experienced does not accelerate, which could impact our subscriber growth and churn. Economic weakness may create greater incentive for signal theft, piracy and subscriber fraud, which could lead to higher subscriber churn and reduced revenue. ​ Obligations and Future Capital Requirements ​ Contractual Obligations ​ See Note 15 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. ​ Future Capital Requirements ​ We expect to fund our future working capital, capital expenditures, other investments and debt service requirements for the next twelve months from cash generated from operations, existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities balances and cash generated through raising additional capital. We may need to make significant additional investments to, among other things, continue our 5G Network Deployment and further commercialize, build-out and integrate our Wireless spectrum licenses and related assets. The amount of capital required to fund our future working capital, capital expenditure and other investment needs varies and we may need to raise additional capital, depending on, among other things, the rate at which we complete our 5G Network Deployment, the potential purchase of additional wireless spectrum licenses and the rate at which we acquire new subscribers and the cost of subscriber acquisition and retention. Certain of our capital expenditures for 2025 are expected to be driven by the rate of our 5G Network Deployment as well as costs associated with subscriber premises equipment. These expenditures are necessary for our 5G Network Deployment as well as to operate and maintain our DISH TV services. Consequently, we consider certain of them to be non-discretionary. ​ Our capital expenditures vary depending on, among other things, the number of satellites leased or under construction at any point in time and could increase materially as a result of increased competition, significant satellite failures or economic weakness and uncertainty. Our DISH TV subscriber base has been declining and there can be no assurance that our DISH TV subscriber base will not continue to decline and that the pace of such decline will not accelerate. In the event that our DISH TV subscriber base continues to decline, it will have a material adverse long-term effect on our cash flow. ​ We have and expect to continue to incur expenditures in 2025 related to our 5G Network Deployment, including, but not limited to, capital expenditures associated with our 5G Network Deployment and the potential purchase of additional wireless spectrum licenses, including any potential Northstar Re-Auction Payment and SNR Re-Auction Payment for the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC . The amount of capital required will also depend on, among other things, our available liquidity, the growth of our Wireless segment and the levels of investment necessary to support potential strategic initiatives that may arise from time to time. These factors, including, but not limited to, a reduction in our available future cash flows as a result of our 5G Network Deployment, may require us to raise additional capital in the future, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all. ​ Volatility in the financial markets has made it more difficult at times for issuers of high-yield indebtedness, such as us, to access capital markets at favorable terms or at all . These developments may have a significant effect on our cost of financing and our liquidity position. ​ 98 ​ Table of Contents Wireless Segment - 5G Network Deployment See Note 15 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. Availability of Credit and Effect on Liquidity The ability to raise capital has generally existed for us despite economic weakness and uncertainty. While modest fluctuations in the cost of capital will not likely impact our current operational plans, significant fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. ​ Backlog ​ See “Broadband and Satellite Services Segment” above for further information. ​ Critical Accounting Estimates ​ The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect amounts reported therein. Management bases its estimates, judgments and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from previously estimated amounts and such differences may be material to our consolidated financial statements. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effects of revisions are reflected prospectively in the period they occur. The following represent what we believe are the critical accounting policies that may involve a high degree of estimation, judgment and complexity. For a summary of our significant accounting policies, including those discussed below, see Note 2 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ​ Income Taxes ​ Our income tax policy is to record the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Determining necessary valuation allowances requires us to make assessments about the timing of future events, including the probability of expected future taxable income and available tax planning opportunities . We periodically evaluate our need for a valuation allowance based on both historical evidence, including trends, and future expectations in each reporting period. Any such valuation allowance is recorded in either “Income tax (provision) benefit, net” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) or “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” within “Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Future performance could have a significant effect on the realization of tax benefits, or reversals of valuation allowances, as reported in our consolidated results of operations. ​ Management evaluates the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions based on applicable tax law, regulations, case law, administrative rulings and pronouncements and the facts and circumstances surrounding the tax position. Changes in our estimates related to the recognition and measurement of the amount recorded for uncertain tax positions could result in significant changes in our “Income tax provision (benefit), net,” which could be material to our consolidated results of operations. Although we believe our assumptions, judgments and estimates are reasonable, changes in tax laws or our interpretation of tax laws and the resolution of any tax audits could significantly impact the amounts provided for income taxes in our consolidated financial statements. ​ 99 ​ Table of Contents ​ Contingent Liabilities ​ A significant amount of management judgment is required in determining when, or if, an accrual should be recorded for a contingency and the amount of such accrual. Estimates generally are developed in consultation with counsel and are based on an analysis of potential outcomes. Due to the uncertainty of determining the likelihood of a future event occurring and the potential financial statement impact of such an event, it is possible that upon further development or resolution of a contingent matter, a charge could be recorded in a future period to “Selling, general and administrative expenses” or “Litigation expense” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) that would be material to our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. ​ New Accounting Pronouncements See Note 2 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK ​ Market Risks Associated with Financial Instruments ​ Our investments and debt are exposed to market risks, discussed below. ​ Cash, Cash Equivalents and Current Marketable Investment Securities ​ As of December 31, 2024, our unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and current marketable investment securities had a fair value of $5.547 billion. Of that amount, a total of $5.521 billion was invested in: (a) cash; (b) money market funds; (c) debt instruments of the United States Government and its agencies; (d) commercial paper and corporate notes with an overall average maturity of less than one year and rated in one of the four highest rating categories by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations; and/or (e) instruments with similar risk, duration and credit quality characteristics to the commercial paper and corporate obligations described above. The primary purpose of these investing activities has been to preserve principal until the cash is required to, among other things, continue investing in our business, pursue acquisitions and other strategic transactions, fund ongoing operations, repay debt obligations and expand our business. Consequently, the size of this portfolio can fluctuate significantly as cash is received and used in our business for these or other purposes. The value of this portfolio is negatively impacted by credit losses; however, this risk is mitigated through diversification that limits our exposure to any one issuer. ​ Interest Rate Risk ​ A change in interest rates would affect the fair value of our cash, cash equivalents and current marketable investment securities portfolio; however, we normally hold these investments to maturity. Based on our December 31, 2024 current non-strategic investment portfolio of $5.521 billion, a hypothetical 10% change in average interest rates would not have a material impact on the fair value due to the limited duration of our investments. ​ Our cash, cash equivalents and current marketable investment securities had an average annual rate of return for the year ended December 31, 2024 of 5.3%. A change in interest rates would affect our future annual interest income from this portfolio, since funds would be re-invested at different rates as the instruments mature. A hypothetical 10% decrease in average interest rates during 2024 would result in a decrease of approximately $11 million in annual interest income. ​ 100 ​ Table of Contents ​ Strategic Marketable Investment Securities ​ As of December 31, 2024, we held investments in several companies, generally with publicly traded securities, with a fair value of $27 million. These investments, which are held for strategic and financial purposes, are concentrated in a small number of companies, are highly speculative and have historically experienced, and continue to experience volatility. The fair value of these investments are subject to significant fluctuations in fair value and can be significantly impacted by the risk of adverse changes in securities markets generally, as well as risks related to the performance of the companies whose securities we have invested in, risks associated with specific industries and other factors. In general, our strategic marketable investment securities portfolio is not significantly impacted by interest rate fluctuations as it currently consists primarily of equity securities, the value of which is more closely related to factors specific to the underlying business. A hypothetical 10% adverse change in the market price of our public strategic equity investments during 2024 would have resulted in a decrease of $3 million in the fair value of these investments. ​ Restricted Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Investment Securities ​ As of December 31, 2024, we had $321 million of restricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities invested in: (a) cash; (b) money market funds; (c) debt instruments of the United States Government and its agencies; and/or (d) instruments with similar risk, duration and credit quality characteristics to commercial paper. Based on our December 31, 2024 investment portfolio, a hypothetical 10% increase in average interest rates would not have a material impact on the fair value of our restricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities. ​ Foreign Currency Exchange Risk ​ Our international business is conducted in a variety of foreign currencies with our largest exposures being to the Brazilian real, the Indian rupee, European euro and the British pound. Transactions in foreign currencies are converted into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect on the dates of the transactions. This exposes us to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. ​ Our objective in managing our exposure to foreign currency changes is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, primarily resulting from loans to foreign subsidiaries in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, we may enter into foreign currency forward contracts, or take other measures, to mitigate risks associated with foreign currency denominated assets, liabilities, commitments and anticipated foreign currency transactions. As of December 31, 2024, we had foreign currency forward contracts with a notional amount of $1 million in place to partially mitigate foreign currency exchange risk. The estimated fair values of the foreign currency contracts were not material as of December 31, 2024. The impact of a hypothetical 10% adverse change in exchange rates on the carrying amount of the net assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries during 2024 would have resulted in an estimated loss to the cumulative translation adjustment of $32 million as of December 31, 2024. ​ Debt ​ As of December 31, 2024, we had debt of $27.092 billion, excluding finance lease obligations and unamortized deferred financing costs and debt discounts, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We estimated the fair value of this debt to be approximately $25.631 billion using quoted market prices. The fair value of our debt is affected by fluctuations in interest rates. A hypothetical 10% decrease in assumed interest rates would increase the fair value of our debt by approximately $730 million. To the extent interest rates increase, our future costs of financing would increase at the time of any future financings. As of December 31, 2024, primarily all of our long-term debt consisted of fixed rate indebtedness. ​ 101 ​ Table of Contents ​ Derivative Financial Instruments ​ From time to time, we invest in speculative financial instruments, including derivatives. As of December 31, 2024, we did not hold any material derivative financial instruments. ​ Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Our consolidated financial statements are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K beginning on page F-1. Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE Not applicable. Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES ​ Disclosure controls and procedures ​ Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. ​ Changes in internal control over financial reporting ​ There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f)  under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. ​ Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that our transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and our directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements. ​ 102 ​ Table of Contents Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. ​ Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by KPMG LLP , an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears in Item 15(a) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION ​ 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements ​ None of the Company’s directors or Section 16 officers adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2024, as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K, except as follows: ​ On  November 26, 2024 ,  Dean Manson ,  Chief Legal Officer and Secretary ,  adopted  a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement for the potential sale of up to  30,000 shares (including certain options that expire on April 1, 2034) of our common stock, subject to certain conditions. The arrangement's expiration date is November 25, 2025 . ​ On  December 3, 2024 ,  Paul Orban ,  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer , DISH,  adopted  a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement for the potential sale of up to  81,211 shares (including certain options that expire on April 1, 2034) of our common stock, subject to certain conditions. The arrangement's expiration date is December 2, 2025 . ​ Item 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS ​ Not applicable. ​ PART III ​ Item 10 . DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ​ The information required by this Item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference. ​ The information required by this Item with respect to the identity and business experience of our executive officers is set forth under the caption “Information About Our Executive Officers” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ​ Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION ​ The information required by this Item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference. ​ Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS ​ 103 ​ Table of Contents The information required by this Item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference. ​ Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE The information required by this Item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES The information required by this Item will be set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference. ​ PART IV Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) The following documents are filed as part of this report: (1) Financial Statements ​ ​ ​ Page ​ ​ Report of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F- 2 Consolidated Balance Sheets F- 5 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) F- 6 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) F- 7 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows F- 8 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F- 9 ​ (2) Financial Statement Schedules ​ None. All schedules have been included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto. ​ (3) Exhibits ​ ​ ​ ​ 2.1* ​ Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 26, 2019, by and among T-Mobile US, Inc., Sprint Corporation and DISH Network Corporation (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 2.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of DISH Network Corporation filed July 29, 2019). ​ ​ ​ 2.2* ​ First Amendment to the Asset Purchase Agreement, dated June 17, 2020, by and between DISH Network and NTM (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed June 17, 2020). ​ ​ ​ 2.3 ​ Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 2, 2023, by and among EchoStar Corporation, DISH Network Corporation and EAV Corp. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 2.1 to EchoStar’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2023).* 104 ​ Table of Contents ​ ​ ​ 3.1 ​ Complied Articles of Incorporation of EchoStar Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed February 29, 2024) . ​ ​ ​ 3.2 ​ Complied Bylaws of EchoStar Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed February 29, 2024) . ​ ​ ​ 4.1* ​ Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate of EchoStar Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 1 of EchoStar Corporation’s Form 10 filed December 12, 2007, Commission File No. 001-33807). ​ ​ ​ 4.2* ​ Security Agreement, dated as of June 8, 2011, among EH Holding Corporation (currently known as Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation), the guarantors listed on the signature pages thereto, and U.S. Bank National Association, as successor collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to EchoStar Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 9, 2011, Commission File No. 001-33807). ​ ​ ​ 4.3* ​ Indenture, relating to the 7 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026, dated as of June 13, 2016, among DISH DBS Corporation, the guarantors named on the signature pages thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed June 13, 2016). ​ ​ ​ 4.4* ​ Indenture, relating to the 5.250% Senior Secured Notes, dated as of July 27, 2016, among Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation, the guarantors party thereto, U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee and successor collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to EchoStar Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 27, 2016, Commission File No. 001-33807). ​ ​ ​ 4.5* ​ Indenture, relating to the 6.625% Senior Unsecured Notes, dated as of July 27, 2016, among Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to EchoStar Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 27, 2016, Commission File No. 001-33807). ​ ​ ​ 4.6* ​ Additional Secured Party Joinder, dated as of July 27, 2016, among U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee and successor collateral agent, and Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to EchoStar Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 27, 2016, Commission File No. 001-33807). ​ ​ ​ 4.7* ​ Indenture, relating to the 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026, dated as of August 8, 2016, by and between DISH Network Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed August 8, 2016). ​ ​ ​ 4.8* ​ Supplemental Indenture relating to Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation’s 5.250% Senior Secured Notes due 2026, dated March 23, 2017, by and among Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation, the guarantors and the supplemental guarantor listed on the signature pages thereto, U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee and successor collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.19 to Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed April 6, 2017, Commission File No. 333-179121). ​ ​ ​ 105 ​ Table of Contents 4.9* ​ Supplemental Indenture relating to Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation’s 6.625% Senior Notes due 2026, dated as of March 23, 2017, by and among Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation, the guarantors and the supplemental guarantor listed on the signature pages thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.20 to Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed April 6, 2017, Commission File No. 333- 179121). ​ ​ ​ 4.10* ​ Joinder Agreement, dated as of August 10, 2017, to the Security Agreement dated as of June 8, 2011, by and between HNS Americas, L.L.C., HNS Americas II, L.L.C. and U.S. Bank National Association, as successor collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.24 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed February 22, 2018, Commission File No. 001-33807). ​ ​ ​ 4.11* ​ Second Supplemental Indenture relating to Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation’s 5.250% Senior Secured Notes due 2026, dated August 10, 2017, by and among Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation, the guarantors and the supplemental guarantor listed on the signature pages thereto, U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee and successor collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.25 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed February 22, 2018, Commission File No. 001-33807). ​ ​ ​ 4.12* ​ Second Supplemental Indenture relating to Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation’s 6.625% Senior Notes due 2026, dated as of August 10, 2017, by and among Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation, the guarantors and the supplemental guarantor listed on the signature pages thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.26 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed February 22, 2018, Commission File No. 001-33807). ​ ​ ​ 4.13* ​ Supplemental Indenture relating to the 7 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.16 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of DISH DBS Corporation filed March 29, 2018). ​ ​ ​ 4.14* ​ Joinder Agreement, dated as of June 12, 2019, to the Security Agreement dated as of June 8, 2011, by and between EchoStar BSS Corporation, EchoStar FSS L.L.C. and U.S. Bank National Association, as successor collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, filed August 8, 2019, Commission File No. 001-33807). ​ ​ ​ 4.15* ​ Third Supplemental Indenture relating to Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation’s 5.250% Senior Secured Notes due 2026, dated June 12, 2019, by and among Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation, the guarantors and the supplemental guarantors listed on the signature pages thereto, U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee and successor collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, filed August 8, 2019, Commission File No. 001-33807). ​ ​ ​ 4.16* ​ Third Supplemental Indenture relating to Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation’s 6.625% Senior Notes due 2026, dated as of June 12, 2019, by and among Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation, the guarantors and the supplemental guarantors listed on the signature pages thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, filed August 8, 2019, Commission File No. 001-33807). ​ ​ ​ 106 ​ Table of Contents 4.17* ​ Indenture, relating to the 7 3/8% Senior Notes due 2028, dated as of July 1, 2020, among DISH DBS Corporation, the guarantors named on the signature pages thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed July 1, 2020). ​ ​ ​ 4.18* ​ Indenture, relating to the 0% Convertible Notes due 2025, dated as of December 21, 2020, by and between DISH Network Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed December 22, 2020). ​ ​ ​ 4.19* ​ First Supplemental Indenture, relating to the DISH 3.375% Convertible Notes due 2026, dated as of December 29, 2023, among DISH Network Corporation, EchoStar Corporation and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association (as successor to U.S. Bank National Association), as Trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed January 2, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.20* ​ First Supplemental Indenture, relating to the DISH 2.375% Convertible Notes due 2024, dated as of December 29, 2023, among DISH Network Corporation, EchoStar Corporation and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association (as successor to U.S. Bank National Association), as Trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed January 2, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.21* ​ First Supplemental Indenture, relating to the DISH 0% Convertible Notes due 2025, dated as of December 29, 2023, among DISH Network Corporation, EchoStar Corporation and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association (as successor to U.S. Bank National Association), as Trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.6 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed January 2, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.22* ​ Indenture, relating to the 5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2029, dated as of May 24, 2021 among DISH DBS Corporation, the guarantors named on the signature pages thereto and U.S. Bank, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed May 24, 2021). ​ ​ ​ 4.23* ​ Indenture, relating to the 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 and the 5 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2028, dated as of November 26, 2021, among DISH DBS Corporation, the guarantors named on the signature pages thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee and Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed November 26, 2021). 107 ​ Table of Contents ​ ​ ​ 4.24* ​ Security Agreement, dated as of November 26, 2021, among DISH DBS Corporation, the guarantors named on the signature pages thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as Collateral Agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed November 26, 2021). ​ ​ ​ 4.25* ​ Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of November 26, 2021, between DISH DBS Corporation and DISH Network Corporation (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed November 26, 2021). ​ ​ ​ 4.26* ​ Secured Indenture, relating to the 11.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2027, dated as of November 15, 2022, among DISH Network Corporation, the guarantors named on the signature pages thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee and collateral agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed January 26, 2023). ​ ​ ​ 4.27* ​ Security Agreement, dated as of November 15, 2022, among the secured guarantors named on the signature pages thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as collateral agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed November 15, 2022). ​ ​ ​ 4.28* ​ Description of our Capital Stock ((incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.25 to EchoStar Corporations’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed February 20, 2020, Commission File No. 001-33807). ​ ​ ​ 4.29* ​ Second Supplemental Indenture relating to DISH Network Corporation’s 0% Convertible Notes due 2025, dated as of November 12, 2024, by and among EchoStar Corporation, DISH Network Corporation and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.30* ​ Second Supplemental Indenture relating to DISH Network Corporation’s 3.375% Convertible Notes due 2026, dated as of November 12, 2024, by and among EchoStar Corporation, DISH Network Corporation and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.31* ​ Indenture relating to EchoStar Corporation’s 6.75% Senior Spectrum Secured Exchange Notes due 2030, dated as of November 12, 2024, by and among EchoStar Corporation, the guarantors named therein, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and notes collateral agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.32* ​ Security Agreement relating to EchoStar Corporation’s 6.75% Senior Spectrum Secured Exchange Notes due 2030, dated as of November 12, 2024, by and among the guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as notes collateral agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.33* ​ Pledge Agreement relating to EchoStar Corporation’s 6.75% Senior Spectrum Secured Exchange Notes due 2030, dated as of November 12, 2024, by and among the guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as notes collateral agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.5 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). 108 ​ Table of Contents 4.34* ​ Indenture relating to EchoStar Corporation’s 3.875% Convertible Senior Secured Notes due 2030, dated as of November 12, 2024, by and among EchoStar Corporation, the guarantors named therein, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and notes collateral agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.6 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.35* ​ Security Agreement relating to EchoStar Corporation’s 3.875% Convertible Senior Secured Notes due 2030, dated as of November 12, 2024, by and among the guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as notes collateral agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.7 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.36* ​ Pledge Agreement relating to EchoStar Corporation’s 3.875% Convertible Senior Secured Notes due 2030, dated as of November 12, 2024, by and among the guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as notes collateral agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.8 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.37* ​ Notes Purchase Agreement relating to EchoStar Corporation’s 10.750% Senior Spectrum Secured Notes due 2029, dated as of November 8, 2024, by and among EchoStar Corporation, the guarantors named therein and the purchasers named therein (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.9 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.38* ​ Notes Purchase Agreement relating to EchoStar Corporation's 3.875% Convertible Senior Secured Notes due 2030, dated as of November 8, 2024, by and among EchoStar Corporation, the guarantors named therein and the purchasers named therein (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.10 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.39* ​ Indenture relating to EchoStar Corporation’s 10.750% Senior Spectrum Secured Notes due 2029, dated as of November 12, 2024, by and among EchoStar Corporation, the guarantors named therein, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and notes collateral agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.11 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.40* ​ Security Agreement relating to EchoStar Corporation’s 10.750% Senior Spectrum Secured Notes due 2029, dated as of November 12, 2024, by and among the guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as notes collateral agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.12 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.41* ​ Pledge Agreement relating to EchoStar Corporation’s 10.750% Senior Spectrum Secured Notes due 2029, dated as of November 12, 2024, by and among the guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as notes collateral agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.13 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 4.42* ​ First Lien Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of November 12, 2024, by and among the guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee and notes collateral agent (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.14 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 109 ​ Table of Contents 4.43* ​ Form of Second Lien Intercreditor Agreement (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.15 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of EchoStar Corporation filed November 14, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 10.1* ​ Form of EchoStar Corporation 2008 Class B CEO Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to Amendment No. 1 of EchoStar Corporation’s Form 10 filed December 12, 2007, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.2* ​ Amended and Restated EchoStar Corporation 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2008 Stock Incentive Plan”) (incorporated by reference to EchoStar Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14, filed September 18, 2014, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.3* ​ Amended and Restated EchoStar Corporation 2008 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan (the “2008 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan”) (incorporated by reference to EchoStar Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14, filed March 31, 2009, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.4* ​ Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for 2008 Stock Incentive Plan — Executive or Director (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, filed November 6, 2015, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.5* ​ Form of Stock Option Agreement for 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (1999) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed February 24, 2016, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.6* ​ Form of Stock Option Agreement for 2008 Stock Incentive Plan — Employee (2008) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed February 24, 2016, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.7* ​ Form of Stock Option Agreement for 2008 Stock Incentive Plan — Executive (2008) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed February 24, 2016, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.8* ​ Form of Stock Option Agreement for 2008 Stock Incentive Plan — Employee (2014) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed February 24, 2016, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.9* ​ Form of Stock Option Agreement for 2008 Stock Incentive Plan — Executive (2014) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.43 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed February 24, 2016, Commission File No. 001-33807). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.10* ​ Form of Non-Employee Director Stock Option Agreement for 2008 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed February 24, 2016, Commission File No. 001-33807). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.11* ​ Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for 2008 Stock Incentive Plan — Executive or Director (2011) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed February 24, 2016, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 110 ​ Table of Contents 10.12* ​ EchoStar Corporation 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to EchoStar Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14, filed March 23, 2017, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.13* ​ EchoStar Corporation 2017 Non-Employee Director Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to EchoStar Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14, filed March 23, 2017, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.14* ​ Amended and Restated EchoStar Corporation 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to EchoStar Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14, filed March 23, 2017, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.15* ​ Amendment No. 1 to EchoStar Corporation 2017 Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan dated October 20, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, filed November 3, 2022, Commission File No. 001-33807)** ​ ​ ​ 10.16* ​ EchoStar Non-Qualified Plan -- Executive Plan and Adoption Agreement, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, filed August 9, 2017, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.17* ​ Form of Stock Option Agreement for the EchoStar Corporation 2017 Stock Incentive Plan - Employee (2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, filed August 9, 2017, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.18* ​ Form of Stock Option Agreement for the EchoStar Corporation 2017 Stock Incentive Plan - Executive (2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, filed August 9, 2017, Commission File No. 001-33807). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.19* ​ Form of Non-Employee Director Stock Option Agreement for the EchoStar Corporation 2017 Non-Employee Director Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, filed August 9, 2017, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.20* ​ Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for the EchoStar Corporation 2017 Stock Incentive Plan - Executive (2017) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, filed August 9, 2017, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.21* ​ Form of Stock Option Agreement for the EchoStar Corporation 2017 Stock Incentive Plan — Employee (2022) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, filed November 3, 2022, Commission File No. 001-33807)** ​ ​ ​ 10.22* ​ Form of Stock Option Agreement for the EchoStar Corporation 2017 Stock Incentive Plan — Executive (2022) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, filed November 3, 2022, Commission File No. 001-33807) ** ​ ​ ​ 111 ​ Table of Contents 10.23* ​ Form of Non-Employee Director Stock Option Agreement for the EchoStar Corporation 2017 Non-Employee Director Stock Incentive Plan (2022) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, filed November 3, 2022, Commission File No. 001-33807)** ​ ​ ​ 10.24* ​ Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for the EchoStar Corporation 2017 Stock Incentive Plan — Executive (2022) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, filed November 3, 2022, Commission File No. 001-33807) ** ​ ​ ​ 10.25* ​ Form of Stock Option Agreement for Hamid Akhavan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, filed May 5, 2022, Commission File No. 001-33807)** ​ ​ ​ 10.26* ​ Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Hamid Akhavan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, filed May 5, 2022, Commission File No. 001-33807)** ​ ​ ​ 10.27* ​ Amendment to EchoStar Non-Qualified Plan -- Executive Plan and Adoption Agreement, dated November 1, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed February 21, 2019, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.28* ​ Amended and Restated EchoStar Corporation Executive Officer Bonus Incentive Plan, dated as of April 30, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, filed August 8, 2019, Commission File No. 001-33807).** ​ ​ ​ 10.29* ​ Amendment to EchoStar Non-Qualified Plan – Executive Plan and Adoption Agreement, dated October 21, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to EchoStar Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, filed November 5, 2020, Commission File No. 001-33807). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.30* ​ Amendment No. 1 to EchoStar Corporation 2017 Non-Employee Director Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to EchoStar Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed March 17, 2021, Commission File No. 001- 33807). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.31* ​ Second Amended and Restated EchoStar Corporation Executive Officer Bonus Incentive Plan, dated as of November 2, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed February 24, 2022, Commission File No. 001-33807) . ** ​ ​ ​ 112 ​ Table of Contents 10.32* ​ 2002 Class B CEO Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference from Appendix A to DISH Network Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A dated April 9, 2002). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.33* ​ Nonemployee Director Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.6 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed July 7, 2005). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.34* ​ DISH Network Corporation 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to DISH Network Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14A filed September 19, 2014). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.35* ​ Amended and Restated DISH Network Corporation 2001 Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to DISH Network Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14A filed March 31, 2009). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.36* ​ Amended and Restated DISH Network Corporation 1999 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to DISH Network Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14A filed March 31, 2009). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.37* ​ Guaranty of Certain Obligations to FCC, dated as of October 1, 2015, made by DISH Network Corporation in favor of the Federal Communications Commission (Northstar Wireless) (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed October 2, 2015). ​ ​ ​ 10.38* ​ Guaranty of Certain Obligations to FCC, dated as of October 1, 2015, made by DISH Network Corporation in favor of the Federal Communications Commission (SNR Wireless) (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed October 2, 2015). ​ ​ ​ 10.39* ​ Form of Base/Additional Note Hedge Transaction Confirmation (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed August 8, 2016). ​ ​ ​ 10.40* ​ Form of Base/Additional Warrant Transaction Confirmation (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed August 8, 2016). ​ ​ ​ 10.41* ​ Description of the 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated December 2, 2016 (incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed December 8, 2016). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.42* ​ Description of the 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated August 17, 2018 (incorporated by reference from the Current Report on Form 8-K of DISH Network Corporation filed August 23, 2018). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.43* ​ Incentive Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of DISH Network Corporation filed November 6, 2020). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.44* ​ Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of DISH Network Corporation filed November 6, 2020). ** ​ ​ ​ 10.45* ​ Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of DISH Network Corporation filed November 6, 2020). ** ​ ​ ​ 113 ​ Table of Contents 10.46* ​ Master Network Service Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2020, by and among DISH Network Corporation, DISH Purchasing Corporation, and T-Mobile USA, Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of DISH Network Corporation filed November 6, 2020). ​ ​ ​ 10.47* ​ License Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2020, by and among DISH Network Corporation and T-Mobile USA, Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of DISH Network Corporation filed November 6, 2020). ​ ​ ​ 10.48* ​ Network Services Agreement, dated as of July 14, 2021, by and among DISH Wireless L.L.C. and AT&T Mobility LLC (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of DISH Network Corporation filed November 4, 2021).*** ​ ​ ​ 10.49* ​ Amended and Restated Support Agreement, dated as of October 2, 2023, by and among DISH Network, EchoStar and the Ergen Stockholders (attached to the prospectus which forms a part of this registration statement as Annex B) (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Amendment No. 1 on Form S-4 of EchoStar filed on November 6, 2023). ​ ​ ​ 10.50* ​ Letter Agreement, dated as of October 2, 2023, by and between EchoStar and Hamid Akhavan (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Amendment No. 1 on Form S-4 of EchoStar filed on November 6, 2023).** ​ ​ ​ 10.51* ​ Letter Agreement, dated as of October 2, 2023, by and between EchoStar and John W. Swieringa (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the Amendment No. 1 on Form S-4 of EchoStar filed on November 6, 2023).** ​ ​ ​ 10.52* ​ Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2024, among EchoStar Corporation, Charles W. Ergen, Cantey M. Ergen and the other signatories thereto (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to EchoStar’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 2, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 10.53* ​ Form of Warrant Amendment Letter Agreement (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.8 to EchoStar’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 2, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 10.54* ​ Form of Warrant Guarantee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.9 to EchoStar’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 2, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 10.55* ​ Form of Note Hedge Amendment Letter Agreement (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.11 to EchoStar’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 2, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 19 ☐ ​ EchoStar Corporation’s Insider Trading Policy. ​ ​ ​ 21 ☐ ​ Subsidiaries of EchoStar Corporation. ​ ​ ​ 22 ◻ ​ List of Subsidiary Guarantors. ​ ​ ​ 23 ☐ ​ Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. ​ ​ ​ 24 ☐ ​ Power of Attorney authorizing Dean A. Manson as signatory for Charles W. Ergen, Kathleen Q. Abernathy, George R. Brokaw, Stephen J. Bye, James DeFranco, R. Stanton Dodge, Cantey M. Ergen, Lisa W. Hershman, Tom A. Ortolf and William David Wade. 114 ​ Table of Contents ​ ​ ​ 31.1 ☐ ​ Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer. ​ ​ ​ 31.2 ☐ ​ Section 302 Certification of Principal Financial Officer. ​ ​ ​ 32.1 ☐ ​ Section 906 Certification of Chief Executive Officer. ​ ​ ​ 32.2 ☐ ​ Section 906 Certification of Principal Financial Officer. ​ ​ ​ 97.1 * ​ EchoStar Corporation’s Clawback Policy. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 to EchoStar Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed February 29, 2024). ​ ​ ​ 99.1* ​ Department of Justice CDMA Letter to Defendants dated July 9, 2021 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of DISH Network Corporation filed August 9, 2021). ​ ​ ​ 101 ☐ ​ The following materials from the Annual Report on Form 10-K of EchoStar Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed on February  27, 2025, formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (“iXBRL”): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) related notes to these financial statements. ​ ​ ​ 104 ☐ ​ Cover Page Interactive Data File (the cover page XBRL tags are embedded in the Inline XBRL document. ​ ​ ​ ☐ Filed herewith.

• Incorporated by reference. ** Constitutes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. *** Certain portions of the exhibit have been omitted and separately filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission with a request for confidential treatment. Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None ​ 115 ​ Table of Contents SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. ​ ​ ​ ​ ECHOSTAR CORPORATION ​ ​ ​ ​ By: /s/ Paul W. Orban ​ ​ Paul W. Orban ​ ​ Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, DISH (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) ​ Date: February 27, 2025 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Signature ​ Title ​ Date ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ /s/ Hamid Akhavan ​ President and Chief Executive Officer and Director ​ February 27, 2025 Hamid Akhavan ​ (Principal Executive Officer) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ /s/ Paul W. Orban ​ Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, DISH ​ February 27, 2025 Paul W. Orban ​ (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ Chairman ​ February 27, 2025 Charles W. Ergen ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ * ​ Director ​ February 25, 2025 Kathleen Q. Abernathy ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ * ​ Director ​ February 27, 2025 George R. Brokaw ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ * ​ Director ​ February 27, 2025 Stephen J. Bye ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ * ​ Director ​ February 27, 2025 James DeFranco ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ * ​ Director ​ February 27, 2025 R. Stanton Dodge ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ * ​ Director ​ February 25, 2025 Cantey M. Ergen ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ * ​ Director ​ February 27, 2025 Lisa W. Hershman ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ * ​ Director ​ February 27, 2025 Tom A. Ortolf ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ * ​ Director ​ February 27, 2025 William D. Wade ​ ​ ​ ​ 116 ​ Table of Contents ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

• By: /s/ Dean A. Manson ​ ​ Dean A. Manson ​ ​ Attorney-in-Fact ​ ​ ​ ​ 117 ​ Table of Contents INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Consolidated Financial Statements: ​ ​ Page ​ ​ Report of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 185 ) F- 2 Consolidated Balance Sheets F- 5 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) F- 6 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) F- 7 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows F- 8 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F- 9 ​ ​ ​ F-1 Table of Contents REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and Board of Directors EchoStar Corporation: ​ Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting ​ We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of EchoStar Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission . ​ In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. ​ Basis for Opinions ​ The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. ​ We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. ​ Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. ​ F- 2 Table of Contents Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting ​ A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. ​ Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. ​ Critical Audit Matter ​ The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. ​ Sufficiency of audit evidence over revenue ​ As discussed in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company reported $15.8 billion in total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024, which included Pay-TV, Wireless, and Broadband and Satellite Services revenue of $10.7 billion, $3.6 billion, and $1.5 billion, respectively. These categories of revenue have multiple revenue streams and certain aspects of the Company’s processes and information technology (IT) systems differ among the revenue streams. We identified the evaluation of sufficiency of audit evidence over certain revenue streams as a critical audit matter. Specifically, subjective auditor judgment was required to evaluate that revenue data was captured and aggregated throughout these various IT applications. Additionally, IT professionals with specialized skills and knowledge were required to evaluate the nature and extent of evidence obtained over certain revenue streams. ​ F- 3 Table of Contents ​ The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over revenue. For each revenue stream where procedures were performed, we evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s revenue recognition process, including recording of revenue. We also evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain general IT and application controls. We involved IT professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in testing certain IT applications used by the Company in its revenue recognition processes and the transfer of relevant revenue data between certain systems used in the revenue recognition processes. For certain revenue streams, we assessed the recorded revenue by comparing total cash received during the year, adjusted for reconciling items, to the revenue recognized. Such assessment also evaluated the relevance and reliability of reconciling items to underlying documentation, including the changes in accounts receivable and deferred revenue. For other revenue streams, we assessed the recorded amounts by sampling transactions or confirming the price and quantity of items sold with third-party customers. Additionally, for other revenue streams we performed a software-assisted data analysis to test relationships among certain revenue transactions. Through these procedures we then compared the amounts recognized for consistency with underlying documentation, including contracts or payment and transaction support. We evaluated the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained by assessing the results of the procedures performed, including the appropriateness of the nature and extent of such evidence. ​ ​ /s/ KPMG LLP ​ We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002. Denver, Colorado February 26, 2025 ​ F- 4 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Dollars in thousands, except share amounts) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ 2024 2023 Assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current Assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash and cash equivalents ​ $ 4,305,393 ​ $ 1,821,376 Current restricted cash and cash equivalents ​ ​ 150,898 ​ ​ — Marketable investment securities ​ ​ 1,242,036 ​ ​ 623,044 Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 82,628 and $ 74,390 , respectively ​ ​ 1,198,731 ​ ​ 1,122,139 Inventory ​ ​ 455,197 ​ ​ 665,169 Prepaids and other assets ​ ​ 655,233 ​ ​ 644,005 Other current assets ​ ​ 88,255 ​ ​ 16,081 Total current assets ​ ​ 8,095,743 ​ ​ 4,891,814 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Noncurrent Assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Restricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities ​ ​ 169,627 ​ ​ 118,065 Property and equipment, net ​ ​ 9,187,132 ​ ​ 9,561,834 Regulatory authorizations, net ​ ​ 39,442,166 ​ ​ 38,572,980 Other investments, net ​ ​ 202,327 ​ ​ 314,370 Operating lease assets ​ ​ 3,260,768 ​ ​ 3,065,448 Intangible assets, net ​ ​ 74,939 ​ ​ 172,892 Other noncurrent assets, net ​ ​ 505,985 ​ ​ 411,491 Total noncurrent assets ​ ​ 52,842,944 ​ ​ 52,217,080 Total assets ​ $ 60,938,687 ​ $ 57,108,894 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current Liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Trade accounts payable ​ $ 740,984 ​ $ 774,011 Deferred revenue and other ​ ​ 650,940 ​ ​ 754,658 Accrued programming ​ ​ 1,339,072 ​ ​ 1,427,762 Accrued interest ​ ​ 352,499 ​ ​ 297,678 Other accrued expenses and liabilities ​ ​ 1,804,516 ​ ​ 1,717,826 Current portion of debt, finance lease and other obligations (Note 10) ​ ​ 943,029 ​ ​ 3,046,654 Total current liabilities ​ ​ 5,831,040 ​ ​ 8,018,589 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Long-Term Obligations, Net of Current Portion: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Long-term debt, finance lease and other obligations, net of current portion (Note 10) ​ ​ 25,660,288 ​ ​ 19,717,266 Deferred tax liabilities, net ​ ​ 4,988,653 ​ ​ 5,014,309 Operating lease liabilities ​ ​ 3,211,407 ​ ​ 3,121,307 Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities ​ ​ 1,002,074 ​ ​ 849,131 Total long-term obligations, net of current portion ​ ​ 34,862,422 ​ ​ 28,702,013 Total liabilities ​ ​ 40,693,462 ​ ​ 36,720,602 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Redeemable noncontrolling interests (Note 2) ​ ​ — ​ ​ 438,382 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Class A common stock, $ 0.001 par value, 1,600,000,000 shares authorized, 155,048,676 and 140,153,020 shares issued and outstanding , respectively ​ ​ 155 ​ ​ 140 Class B common stock, $ 0.001 par value, 800,000,000 shares authorized, 131,348,468 shares issued and outstanding ​ ​ 131 ​ ​ 131 Additional paid-in capital ​ ​ 8,768,360 ​ ​ 8,301,979 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ​ ​ ( 195,711 ) ​ ​ ( 160,056 ) Accumulated earnings (deficit) ​ ​ 11,618,437 ​ ​ 11,737,983 Total EchoStar stockholders’ equity (deficit) ​ ​ 20,191,372 ​ ​ 19,880,177 Noncontrolling interests ​ ​ 53,853 ​ ​ 69,733 Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) ​ ​ 20,245,225 ​ ​ 19,949,910 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) ​ $ 60,938,687 ​ $ 57,108,894 ​ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. ​ F- 5 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ 2024 2023 2022 Revenue: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Service revenue ​ ​ $ 14,956,126 ​ $ 16,145,763 ​ $ 17,596,265 Equipment sales and other revenue ​ ​ ​ 869,390 ​ ​ 869,835 ​ ​ 1,037,981 Total revenue ​ ​ ​ 15,825,516 ​ ​ 17,015,598 ​ ​ 18,634,246 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Costs and Expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of services ​ ​ ​ 10,135,622 ​ ​ 9,510,427 ​ ​ 10,111,341 Cost of sales - equipment and other ​ ​ ​ 1,636,955 ​ ​ 2,434,904 ​ ​ 2,099,136 Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ ​ ​ 2,426,816 ​ ​ 2,989,154 ​ ​ 3,015,325 Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ ​ 1,930,193 ​ ​ 1,597,923 ​ ​ 1,174,895 Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ 761,099 ​ ​ 711 Total costs and expenses ​ ​ ​ 16,129,586 ​ ​ 17,293,507 ​ ​ 16,401,408 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income (loss) ​ ​ ​ ( 304,070 ) ​ ​ ( 277,909 ) ​ ​ 2,232,838 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other Income (Expense): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest income ​ ​ ​ 116,625 ​ ​ 207,374 ​ ​ 93,240 Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized (Note 2) ​ ​ ​ ( 481,622 ) ​ ​ ( 90,357 ) ​ ​ ( 79,217 ) Other, net (Note 6) ​ ​ ​ 593,497 ​ ​ ( 1,770,792 ) ​ ​ 1,088,441 Total other income (expense) ​ ​ ​ 228,500 ​ ​ ( 1,653,775 ) ​ ​ 1,102,464 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Income (loss) before income taxes ​ ​ ​ ( 75,570 ) ​ ​ ( 1,931,684 ) ​ ​ 3,335,302 Income tax (provision) benefit, net ​ ​ ​ ( 48,945 ) ​ ​ 296,860 ​ ​ ( 798,410 ) Net income (loss) ​ ​ ​ ( 124,515 ) ​ ​ ( 1,634,824 ) ​ ​ 2,536,892 Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax ​ ​ ​ ( 4,969 ) ​ ​ 67,233 ​ ​ 59,172 Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar ​ ​ $ ( 119,546 ) ​ $ ( 1,702,057 ) ​ $ 2,477,720 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted-average common shares outstanding - Class A and B common stock: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Basic ​ ​ ​ 274,079 ​ ​ 270,842 ​ ​ 270,102 Diluted ​ ​ ​ 274,079 ​ ​ 270,842 ​ ​ 307,733 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Earnings per share - Class A and B common stock: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to EchoStar ​ ​ $ ( 0.44 ) ​ $ ( 6.28 ) ​ $ 9.17 Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to EchoStar ​ ​ $ ( 0.44 ) ​ $ ( 6.28 ) ​ $ 8.05 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Comprehensive Income (Loss): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income (loss) ​ ​ $ ( 124,515 ) ​ $ ( 1,634,824 ) ​ $ 2,536,892 Other comprehensive income (loss): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign currency translation adjustments ​ ​ ​ ( 43,525 ) ​ ​ 19,129 ​ ​ 35,449 Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities ​ ​ ​ 1,549 ​ ​ ( 306 ) ​ ​ 536 Recognition of previously unrealized (gains) losses on available-for-sale securities included in net income (loss) ​ ​ ​ ( 1,539 ) ​ ​ 550 ​ ​ ( 25 ) Deferred income tax (expense) benefit, net ​ ​ ​ 565 ​ ​ ( 512 ) ​ ​ ( 359 ) Other ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 2,660 Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax ​ ​ ​ ( 42,950 ) ​ ​ 18,861 ​ ​ 38,261 Comprehensive income (loss) ​ ​ ​ ( 167,465 ) ​ ​ ( 1,615,963 ) ​ ​ 2,575,153 Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax ​ ​ ​ ( 12,264 ) ​ ​ 70,883 ​ ​ 60,879 Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to EchoStar ​ ​ $ ( 155,201 ) ​ $ ( 1,686,846 ) ​ $ 2,514,274 ​ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. ​ ​ F- 6 Table of Contents ​ ECHOSTAR CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (In thousands) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accumulated ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Class A and B ​ Additional ​ Other ​ Accumulated ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Redeemable ​ ​ ​ Common ​ Paid-In ​ Comprehensive ​ Earnings ​ Treasury Shares ​ Noncontrolling ​ ​ ​ ​ Noncontrolling ​ ​ Stock Capital Income (Loss) (Deficit) at Cost ​ Interests Total Interests Balance, December 31, 2021 ​ $ 268 ​ $ 8,085,989 ​ $ ( 211,821 ) ​ $ 11,051,624 ​ $ — ​ $ 61,472 ​ $ 18,987,532 ​ $ 395,222 ​ Issuance of Class A common stock ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ 60,827 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 60,828 ​ ​ — ​ Non-cash, stock-based compensation ​ ​ — ​ ​ 82,994 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 82,994 ​ ​ — ​ Other comprehensive income (loss) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 36,554 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 1,707 ​ ​ 38,261 ​ ​ — ​ Issuance of equity and contribution of assets pursuant to the India JV formation ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 14,237 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 44,540 ​ ​ 30,303 ​ ​ — ​ Consideration received from DISH Network for R&D tax credits utilized ​ ​ — ​ ​ 6,315 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 6,315 ​ ​ — ​ Treasury share repurchase ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 89,303 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 89,303 ) ​ ​ — ​ Other, net ​ ​ — ​ ​ 711 ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 89,304 ) ​ ​ 89,303 ​ ​ 438 ​ ​ 1,148 ​ ​ — ​ Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 9,965 ) ​ ​ ( 9,965 ) ​ ​ 69,137 ​ Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 2,477,720 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 2,477,720 ​ ​ — ​ Balance, December 31, 2022 ​ $ 269 ​ $ 8,222,599 ​ $ ( 175,267 ) ​ $ 13,440,040 ​ $ — ​ $ 98,192 ​ $ 21,585,833 ​ $ 464,359 ​ Issuance of Class A common stock ​ ​ 2 ​ ​ 30,697 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 30,699 ​ ​ — ​ Non-cash, stock-based compensation ​ ​ — ​ ​ 51,514 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 51,514 ​ ​ — ​ Other comprehensive income (loss) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 15,211 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 3,650 ​ ​ 18,861 ​ ​ — ​ Purchase of Northstar Manager, LLC's ownership interest in Northstar Spectrum ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 109,432 ) ​ Deconsolidation of Hughes Systique Corporation ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 15,448 ) ​ ​ ( 15,448 ) ​ ​ — ​ Other, net ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 2,831 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 439 ) ​ ​ ( 3,270 ) ​ ​ — ​ Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 16,222 ) ​ ​ ( 16,222 ) ​ ​ 83,455 ​ Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 1,702,057 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 1,702,057 ) ​ ​ — ​ Balance, December 31, 2023 ​ $ 271 ​ $ 8,301,979 ​ $ ( 160,056 ) ​ $ 11,737,983 ​ $ — ​ $ 69,733 ​ $ 19,949,910 ​ $ 438,382 ​ Issuance of Class A common stock ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ 4,191 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 4,192 ​ ​ — ​ Proceeds from issuance of PIPE Shares ​ ​ 14 ​ ​ 399,986 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 400,000 ​ ​ — ​ Non-cash, stock-based compensation ​ ​ — ​ ​ 36,383 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 36,383 ​ ​ — ​ Other comprehensive income (loss) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 35,655 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 7,295 ) ​ ​ ( 42,950 ) ​ ​ — ​ Purchase of SNR Management's ownership interest in SNR HoldCo ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 441,998 ) ​ Sale of Assets to CONX, net of deferred taxes of $ 788 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 2,587 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 2,587 ​ ​ — ​ Release of valuation allowance ​ ​ — ​ ​ 23,234 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 23,234 ​ ​ — ​ Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 8,585 ) ​ ​ ( 8,585 ) ​ ​ 3,616 ​ Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 119,546 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 119,546 ) ​ ​ — ​ Balance, December 31, 2024 ​ $ 286 ​ $ 8,768,360 ​ $ ( 195,711 ) ​ $ 11,618,437 ​ $ — ​ $ 53,853 ​ $ 20,245,225 ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. ​ ​ F- 7 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ 2024 2023 2022 Cash Flows From Operating Activities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net income (loss) ​ $ ( 124,515 ) ​ $ ( 1,634,824 ) ​ $ 2,536,892 Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ 1,930,193 ​ ​ 1,597,923 ​ ​ 1,174,895 Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill ​ ​ — ​ ​ 761,099 ​ ​ 711 Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments, impairments and other ​ ​ 73,217 ​ ​ ( 46,888 ) ​ ​ ( 72,371 ) Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on derivatives ​ ​ — ​ ​ 1,693,387 ​ ​ ( 1,015,387 ) Liberty Puerto Rico Asset Sale losses (gains) (Note 15) ​ ​ ( 50,418 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — EchoStar Exchange Offers debt extinguishment losses (gains) (Note 10) ​ ​ ( 688,661 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Non-cash, stock-based compensation ​ ​ 36,383 ​ ​ 51,514 ​ ​ 82,994 Deferred tax expense (benefit) ​ ​ 28,281 ​ ​ ( 337,222 ) ​ ​ 729,587 Equity in (earnings) losses of affiliates ​ ​ 73,451 ​ ​ 8,099 ​ ​ 3,087 Changes in allowance for credit losses ​ ​ 8,238 ​ ​ 14,600 ​ ​ 6,590 Change in long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities ​ ​ 12,555 ​ ​ 15,825 ​ ​ 83,453 Other, net ​ ​ 183,775 ​ ​ 158,284 ​ ​ 250,697 Changes in current assets and current liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Trade accounts receivable ​ ​ ( 171,365 ) ​ ​ 20,622 ​ ​ ( 74,812 ) Prepaid and accrued income taxes ​ ​ 43,430 ​ ​ 15,836 ​ ​ ( 36,115 ) Inventory ​ ​ 189,648 ​ ​ ( 37,981 ) ​ ​ 16,200 Other current assets ​ ​ ( 54,039 ) ​ ​ ( 40,290 ) ​ ​ 21,737 Trade accounts payable ​ ​ 108,982 ​ ​ 4,108 ​ ​ 90,721 Deferred revenue and other ​ ​ ( 103,718 ) ​ ​ ( 78,555 ) ​ ​ ( 71,709 ) Accrued programming and other accrued expenses ​ ​ ( 242,740 ) ​ ​ 267,110 ​ ​ ( 105,980 ) Net cash flows from operating activities ​ ​ 1,252,697 ​ ​ 2,432,647 ​ ​ 3,621,190 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash Flows From Investing Activities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Purchases of marketable investment securities ​ ​ ( 1,253,543 ) ​ ​ ( 2,407,546 ) ​ ​ ( 1,965,859 ) Sales and maturities of marketable investment securities ​ ​ 573,031 ​ ​ 3,710,544 ​ ​ 4,159,830 Purchases of property and equipment ​ ​ ( 1,544,877 ) ​ ​ ( 3,100,921 ) ​ ​ ( 3,050,472 ) Refunds and other receipts of purchases of property and equipment ​ ​ — ​ ​ 38,611 ​ ​ — Capitalized interest related to regulatory authorizations (Note 2) ​ ​ ( 951,747 ) ​ ​ ( 1,162,473 ) ​ ​ ( 984,309 ) Proceeds from other debt investments ​ ​ — ​ ​ 148,448 ​ ​ — Purchases of regulatory authorizations, including deposits ​ ​ ( 1,104 ) ​ ​ ( 2,009 ) ​ ​ ( 7,206,865 ) Sale of assets to CONX (Note 18) ​ ​ 26,719 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Liberty Puerto Rico Asset Sale (Note 15) ​ ​ 95,435 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Other, net ​ ​ 7,736 ​ ​ ( 33,386 ) ​ ​ ( 11,900 ) Net cash flows from investing activities ​ ​ ( 3,048,350 ) ​ ​ ( 2,808,732 ) ​ ​ ( 9,059,575 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cash Flows From Financing Activities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Repayment of long-term debt, finance lease and other obligations ​ ​ ( 108,961 ) ​ ​ ( 121,981 ) ​ ​ ( 86,229 ) Redemption and repurchases of convertible and senior notes ​ ​ ( 2,933,714 ) ​ ​ ( 1,643,469 ) ​ ​ ( 2,056,821 ) Proceeds from issuance of convertible and senior notes ​ ​ 5,386,000 ​ ​ 1,500,000 ​ ​ 2,000,000 Debt issuance costs and debt (discount) premium ​ ​ ( 182,279 ) ​ ​ 21,635 ​ ​ ( 51,121 ) Proceeds from issuance of PIPE Shares (Note 3) ​ ​ 400,000 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Proceeds from New DISH DBS Financing (Note 10) ​ ​ 2,500,000 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Debt issuance costs and debt (discount) premium from New DISH DBS Financing ​ ​ ( 134,510 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Early debt extinguishment gains (losses) of convertible and senior notes ​ ​ — ​ ​ 73,024 ​ ​ — Net proceeds from Class A common stock options exercised and stock issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan ​ ​ 4,192 ​ ​ 10,598 ​ ​ 27,438 Purchase of SNR Management's ownership interest in SNR HoldCo ​ ​ ( 441,998 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Purchase of Northstar Manager, LLC's ownership interest in Northstar Spectrum ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 109,432 ) ​ ​ — Treasury share repurchase ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 89,303 ) Other, net ​ ​ ( 5,153 ) ​ ​ ( 7,496 ) ​ ​ ( 18,413 ) Net cash flows from financing activities ​ ​ 4,483,577 ​ ​ ( 277,121 ) ​ ​ ( 274,449 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents ​ ​ ( 5,721 ) ​ ​ 3,004 ​ ​ ( 2,306 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents ​ ​ 2,682,203 ​ ​ ( 650,202 ) ​ ​ ( 5,715,140 ) Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period (Note 6) ​ ​ 1,911,601 ​ ​ 2,561,803 ​ ​ 8,276,943 Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period (Note 6) ​ $ 4,593,804 ​ $ 1,911,601 ​ $ 2,561,803 ​ The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. ​ ​ F- 8 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Business Activities ​ Principal Business ​ EchoStar Corporation is a premier provider of technology, networking services, television entertainment and connectivity, offering consumer, enterprise, operator and government solutions worldwide under its EchoStar®, Boost Mobile®, Sling TV   ®, DISH® TV, Hughes®, HughesNet®, HughesON™ and JUPITER™ brands. EchoStar Corporation is a holding company that was organized in October 2007 as a corporation under the laws of the State of Nevada. Its subsidiaries (which together with EchoStar Corporation are referred to as “EchoStar,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and/or “our,” unless otherwise required by the context) currently operate three primary business segments. ​ Merger with DISH Network ​ On December 31, 2023, we completed the acquisition of DISH Network pursuant to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 2, 2023 (the “Amended Merger Agreement”), by and among us, EAV Corp., a Nevada corporation and our wholly owned subsidiary (“Merger Sub”), and DISH Network, pursuant to which we acquired DISH Network by means of the merger of Merger Sub with and into DISH Network (the “Merger”), with DISH Network surviving the Merger as our wholly owned subsidiary. For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. ​ Recent Developments ​ DIRECTV Transaction ​ On September 29, 2024, we and DIRECTV Holdings, LLC (“DTV”), entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, DTV agreed to acquire from us all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of DISH DBS Corporation (“DISH DBS”), which operates our Pay-TV business (the “Business” and such acquisition of the Business the “DIRECTV Transaction”). ​ Following written notice from DTV received on November 20, 2024, DTV terminated the Purchase Agreement effective at 11:59 pm ET on November 22, 2024 pursuant to Section 7.01(a)(iv) of the Purchase Agreement because the DISH DBS Exchange Offers (as defined in Note 10) were not consummated by the Exchange Offer Settlement Date (as defined in the Purchase Agreement). No termination fee or other payment was due from either party to the other as a result of the termination of the Purchase Agreement. ​ Financing Transactions ​ During the third and fourth quarter of 2024, we completed several financing transactions, including, but not limited to: (i) $ 2.5 billion issuance of New DISH DBS Financing (defined in Note 10), which included $ 2.047 billion of funds used for the redemption of our 5 7/8% Senior Notes due November 15, 2024, (ii) $ 5.356 billion issuance of our 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 (the “EchoStar Senior Secured Notes due 2029”), (iii) $ 30 million issuance of our 3 7/8% Convertible Secured Notes due 2030 (the “Convertible Secured Notes”) and (iv) a PIPE Investment (defined in Note 3) for an aggregate cash purchase price of approximately $ 400 million. ​ In addition, as a result of the consummation of the EchoStar Exchange Offers, as detailed and defined in Note 10, $ 1.819 billion aggregate principal amount of our 0 % Convertible Notes due 2025 and $ 2.863 billion aggregate principal amount of our 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 were exchanged for $ 1.876 billion aggregate principal amount of our 3 7/8% Convertible Secured Notes due 2030 and $ 2.288 billion aggregate principal amount of our 6 3/4 % Senior Secured Notes due 2030 (the “EchoStar Senior Secured Notes due 2030” and together with the EchoStar Senior Secured Notes due 2029, the “EchoStar Senior Secured Notes”). F- 9 ​ Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Segments ​ We currently operate three primary business segments: (1) Pay-TV; (2) Wireless; and (3) Broadband and Satellite Services. Historically, we reported four primary business segments: (1) Pay-TV; (2) Retail Wireless; (3) 5G Network Deployment; and (4) Broadband and Satellite Services. See Note 16 for further information. ​ Pay-TV ​ We offer pay-TV services under the DISH® brand and the SLING® brand (collectively “Pay-TV” services). The DISH branded pay-TV service consists of, among other things, Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) licenses authorizing us to use direct broadcast satellite (“DBS”) and Fixed Satellite Service (“FSS”) spectrum, our owned and leased satellites, receiver systems, broadcast operations, a leased fiber optic network, in-home service and call center operations and certain other assets utilized in our operations (“DISH TV”). We also design, develop and distribute receiver systems and provide digital broadcast operations, including satellite uplinking/downlinking, transmission and other services to third-party pay-TV providers. The SLING branded pay-TV services consist of, among other things, multichannel, live-linear and on-demand streaming over-the-top (“OTT”) Internet-based domestic, international, Latino and Freestream video programming services (“SLING TV”). As of December 31, 2024, we had 7.778 million Pay-TV subscribers in the United States, including 5.686 million DISH TV subscribers and 2.092 million SLING TV subscribers. ​ Wireless ​ Our Wireless segment provides wireless communication services (“Wireless” services) and products. We currently offer our Wireless services for 5G voice over new radio (“VoNR”) to over 220 million Americans and for 5G broadband service to over 268 million Americans, as well as a competitive portfolio of wireless devices . ​ We offer nationwide Wireless services to subscribers primarily under our Boost Mobile® and Gen Mobile® brands. Prepaid Wireless subscribers generally pay in advance for monthly access to wireless talk, text and data services. Postpaid Wireless subscribers are qualified to pay after receiving wireless talk, text and data services, and may also qualify for certain device financing arrangements. ​ We are currently operating primarily as a mobile virtual network operator (“MVNO”) as we continue our 5G Network Deployment and commercialize and grow customer traffic on our 5G Network. We are transitioning to a mobile network operator (“MNO”) as our 5G Network, defined below, has become commercially available and we grow customer traffic on our 5G Network. We are currently activating Boost Mobile subscribers with compatible devices onto our 5G Network in markets where we have reached VoNR. We currently offer a broad range of premium wireless devices on our 5G Network, including the Apple iPhone 15 and newer generation iPhones. We have deployed 5G VoNR covering over 220 million Americans. Within our MVNO operations, today we depend in part on T-Mobile and AT&T to provide us with network services under the amended Master Network Services Agreement (“MNSA”) and Network Services Agreement (the “NSA”), respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had 6.995 million Wireless subscribers. ​ We have invested a total of over $ 30 billion in Wireless spectrum licenses. The $ 30 billion of investments related to Wireless spectrum licenses does not include $ 10 billion of capitalized interest related to the carrying value of such licenses. See Note 2 and Note 15 for further information. We continue to commercialize our Wireless spectrum licenses through the completion of the nation’s first cloud-native, Open Radio Access Network (“O-RAN”) based 5G network (our “5G Network Deployment”). We have committed to the FCC to deploy a facilities-based 5G broadband network (our “5G Network”) capable of serving increasingly larger portions of the U.S. population at different deadlines. ​ F- 10 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ We may need to raise additional capital in the future, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all, to fund the efforts described below, as well as, among other things, make any potential Northstar Re-Auction Payment and SNR Re-Auction Payment for the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC. There can be no assurance that we will be able to complete all build-out requirements or profitably deploy our Wireless spectrum licenses, which may affect the carrying amount of these assets and our future financial condition or results of operations. See Note 15 for further information. ​ Our Wireless spectrum licenses are subject to certain interim and final build-out requirements, as well as certain renewal requirements. On September 29, 2023, the FCC confirmed we met all of our June 14, 2023 band-specific 5G deployment commitments, and two of our three nationwide 5G commitments. The single remaining 5G commitment, that at least 70 % of the U.S. population has access to average download speeds equal to 35 Mbps, was achieved in March 2024 using the drive test methodology previously agreed upon by us and the FCC and overseen by an independent monitor. We currently have the largest commercial deployment of 5G VoNR in the world covering over 220 million Americans and 5G broadband service covering over 268 million Americans. ​ In September 2024, the FCC conditionally granted our requests to extend the 5G deployment deadlines for certain of our Wireless spectrum licenses based on several commitments and in a January 10, 2025 filing to the FCC , we certified to meeting the accelerated buildout (Commitments #2 and #3 of the Extension Request) and the nationwide 80 % coverage obligations (Commitment #1 of the Extension Request) due by December 31, 2024. Thus, pursuant to the Extension Request, the final deployment deadlines for the licenses subject to the Extension Request (listed in Appendix G) shall be extended to December 14, 2026. In addition, the final deployment deadlines for the licenses subject to the Extension Request (listed in Appendix G) shall be further extended to June 14, 2028 as long as we satisfy the remaining Extension Request commitments. See Note 15 for definitions and further details. ​ We may need to make significant additional investments or partner with others to, among other things, continue our 5G Network Deployment and further commercialize, build-out and integrate these licenses and related assets and any additional acquired licenses and related assets, as well as to comply with regulations applicable to such licenses. Depending on the nature and scope of such activities, any such investments or partnerships could vary significantly. In addition, as we continue our 5G Network Deployment, we have and may continue to incur significant additional expenses related to, among other things, research and development, wireless testing and ongoing upgrades to the wireless network infrastructure, software and third-party integration. As a result of these investments, among other factors, we may need to raise additional capital, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all. We may also determine that additional wireless spectrum licenses may be required for our 5G Network Deployment, which will enhance our ability to compete effectively with other wireless service providers. ​ Broadband and Satellite Services ​ We offer broadband satellite technologies and broadband internet products and services to consumer customers. We provide broadband network technologies, managed services, equipment, hardware, satellite services and communications solutions to government and enterprise customers. We also design, provide and install gateway and terminal equipment to customers for other satellite systems. In addition, we design, develop, construct and provide telecommunication networks comprising satellite ground segment systems and terminals to mobile system operators and our enterprise customers. We offer a robust suite of integrated, multi-transport solutions to enable airline and airline service providers to deliver reliable in-flight network connectivity serving both commercial and business aviation. As of December 31, 2024, we had 883,000 Broadband subscribers. ​ Our EchoStar XXIV satellite began service in December 2023, bringing additional broadband capacity across North and South America and is an integral part of our satellite services business. Revenue in our satellite services business depends largely on our ability to make continuous use of our available satellite capacity on behalf of existing customers and our ability to enter into commercial relationships with new customers. ​ F- 11 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies ​ Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation ​ The accom panying consolidated financial statements include all balances and results of operations of EchoStar and our consolidated subsidiaries and are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). We consolidate all majority owned subsidiaries, investments in entities in which we have controlling influence and VIEs where we have been determined to be the primary beneficiary. Minority interests are recorded as noncontrolling interests or redeemable noncontrolling interests. See below for further information. Non-consolidated investments are accounted for using the equity method when we have the ability to significantly influence the operating decisions of the investee. When we do not have the ability to significantly influence the operating decisions of an investee, these equity securities are classified as either marketable investment securities or other investments, which will be initially recorded at cost, and based on observable market prices, will be adjusted to their fair value. We record fair value adjustments in “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) . All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. ​ “Cost of services.” Historically, as we built-out our 5G Network, certain direct costs related to our 5G Network Deployment, including lease expense on communication towers, transport, cloud services and other costs, were presented within “Cost of sales – equipment and other” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) as our 5G Network service had not commenced. As a significant portion of our 5G Network has been placed into service, such amounts now represent costs of operating our 5G Network and are, beginning on January 1, 2024, presented within the “Cost of services” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The change has no impact on net income. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the direct costs related to our 5G Network Deployment included within the “Cost of sales – equipment and other” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) were $ 977 million and $ 522 million, respectively. ​ Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests ​ Northstar Wireless . Northstar Wireless, L.L.C. (“Northstar Wireless”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Northstar Spectrum, LLC (“Northstar Spectrum”), which is an entity wholly-owned by us and, prior to October 12, 2023, by us and Northstar Manager, LLC (“NorthStar Manager”) . On October 12, 2023, the FCC consented to the sale of Northstar Manager’s ownership interests in Northstar Spectrum, which we purchased for a total of approximately $ 109 million. This purchase resulted in the elimination of all of our redeemable noncontrolling interest as it related to Northstar Spectrum as of the purchase date and we continue to consolidate the Northstar Entities as wholly-owned subsidiaries. ​ SNR Wireless . SNR Wireless LicenseCo, LLC (“SNR Wireless”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of SNR Wireless HoldCo, LLC (“SNR HoldCo”), which is an entity wholly-owned by us and, prior to February 16, 2024, by us and SNR Wireless Management, LLC (“SNR Management”). On February 16,   2024 , the FCC consented to the sale of SNR Management’s ownership interests in SNR HoldCo , which was purchased by our direct wholly-owned subsidiary EchoStar SNR HoldCo L.L.C. for a total of approximately $ 442 million. This purchase resulted in the elimination of all of our redeemable noncontrolling interest as it related to SNR HoldCo as of the purchase date and we continue to consolidate the SNR Entities as wholly-owned subsidiaries. ​ For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. ​ ​ F- 12 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Use of Estimates ​ The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense for each reporting period. Estimates are based on historical experience, observable market inputs, and other reasonable assumptions in accounting for, among other things, allowances for credit losses (including those related to our installment billing programs), self-insurance obligations, deferred taxes and related valuation allowances, uncertain tax positions, loss contingencies, fair value of financial instruments including embedded derivatives, fair value of options granted under our stock-based compensation plans, fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations, inputs or outputs used to recognize revenue over time, including the relative standalone selling prices of performance obligations, finance leases, asset impairments, estimates of future cash flows used to evaluate and recognize impairments, useful lives of property, equipment and intangible assets , incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) on lease right of use assets, estimates of the timing of future cash flows used to pay principal on certain debt obligations, estimated credit risk underlying installment receivables, nonrefundable upfront fees, independent third-party retailer incentives, programming expenses subscriber lives and likelihood of certain contingent events. Economic conditions may increase the inherent uncertainty in the estimates and assumptions indicated above. Actual results may differ from previously estimated amounts, and such differences may be material to our consolidated financial statements. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected prospectively in the period they occur. ​ Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ We consider all liquid investments purchased with a remaining maturity of 90 days or less at the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 may consist of money market funds, government bonds, corporate notes and commercial paper. The amortized cost of these investments approximates their fair value. ​ Concentration of Credit Risk ​ Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions domestically and internationally. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and are maintained with financial institutions with investment-grade credit ratings. We routinely assess the financial strength of significant customers, and this assessment, combined with the large number and geographical diversity of its customers, limits our concentration of risk with respect to receivables from contracts with customers. ​ F- 13 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Marketable Investment Securities ​ All equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ All debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value. We report the temporary unrealized gains and losses related to changes in market conditions of marketable debt securities as a separate component of “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” within “Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit),” net of related deferred income tax on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The changes in the fair value of marketable debt securities, which are determined to be company specific credit losses are recorded in “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ We evaluate our debt investment portfolio to determine whether declines in the fair value of these securities are related to credit loss. Management estimates credit losses on marketable debt securities utilizing a credit loss impairment model on a quarterly basis. We estimate the expected credit losses, measured over the contractual life of marketable debt securities considering relevant issuer specific factors, including, but not limited to, a decrease in credit ratings or an entity’s ability to pay. ​ Receivables and Related Allowance for Credit Losses ​ General Accounts Receivable ​ Trade accounts receivable represent our unconditional rights to consideration arising from our performance under our customer contracts and are recorded at cost less an allowance for expected credit losses that are not expected to be recovered. We maintain allowances for credit losses resulting from the expected failure or inability of our customers to make required payments. We recognize the allowance for expected credit losses at inception and reassess quarterly based on management’s expectation of the asset’s collectability. Management estimates credit losses on financial assets, including our trade accounts receivable, utilizing a current expected credit loss impairment model. We estimate the expected credit losses, measured over the contractual life of an asset considering relevant historical loss information, credit quality of the customer base, current economic conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. ​ In determining the allowance for credit losses, management groups similar types of financial assets with consistent risk characteristics. Pools identified by management include, but are not limited to residential customers, commercial customers, enterprise customers, and advertising services. The risk characteristics of the financial asset portfolios are monitored by management and reviewed periodically. The forecasts for future economic conditions are based on several factors including, but not limited to, changes in the unemployment rate, external economic forecasts and current collection rates. Our estimates of the allowance for credit losses may not be indicative of our actual credit losses requiring additional charges to be incurred to reflect the actual amount collected. Past due trade accounts receivable balances are written off against our allowance for credit losses when our internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful. ​ F- 14 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Installment Receivables ​ We offer Boost Mobile postpaid customers the option to pay for their devices and other equipment in installments, generally over a period of 36  months. Installment receivables are presented on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at their amortized cost basis (i.e., the receivables’ unpaid balance as adjusted for any written-off amounts due to impairment and unamortized discounts), net of the allowance for credit losses. At the time of an installment sale, we impute a discount for interest if the term exceeds 12 months as there is no stated rate of interest on the receivables. The receivables are recorded at their present value, which is determined by discounting expected future cash payments at the imputed interest rate. The current portion of installment receivables is included in “Trade accounts receivable, net” and the long-term portion of installment receivables is included in “Other noncurrent assets, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. This adjustment results in a discount or reduction in the transaction price of the contract with a customer, which is allocated to the performance obligations of the arrangement included in “Service revenue” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ The imputed discount rate reflects a current market interest rate and is predominately comprised of the estimated credit risk underlying the installment receivable, reflecting the estimated credit worthiness of the customer. The imputed discount on receivables is amortized over the financed installment term using the effective interest method and recognized in “Service revenue” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) to the extent the financing component is not deemed significant. ​ Inventory ​ Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. The cost of manufactured inventory includes the cost of materials, labor, freight-in, royalties and manufacturing overhead. Net realizable value is calculated as the estimated selling price less reasonable costs necessary to complete, sell, transport and dispose of the inventory. We record write downs for inventory for obsolete and slow moving items based on trends and experience. We enter into arrangements with distributors where physical delivery of a product to a distributor has occurred, but we maintain control of the product until such time it is sold to an end consumer. For these arrangements, we account for the products as consigned inventory. ​ Property and Equipment ​ Property and equipment, including capitalized expenditures related to our wireless projects, 5G Network Deployment and satellites, are stated at cost less depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Capitalized expenditures include the cost of long-lived assets, plus the cost to construct the asset such as labor and overhead directly benefiting the asset. Interest is capitalized when pre-construction activity commences and ends once the asset is ready for its intended purpose. Our equipment leased to customers is generally capitalized when they are installed in customers’ homes. We have certain assets acquired under finance leases. The recorded costs of those assets are the present values of all lease payments. We amortize our finance lease right of use (“ROU”) assets over their respective lease terms. ​ If a satellite were to fail while in-orbit, the resultant loss would be charged to expense in the period such loss was incurred. The amount of any such loss would be reduced to the extent of insurance proceeds estimated to be received, if any. Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line basis over useful lives ranging from one to 40 years . Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense when incurred. Renewals and improvements that add value or extend the asset’s useful life are capitalized. ​ F- 15 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Internal Use Software ​ We capitalize certain costs related to developing or acquiring internal use software. Capitalization of software costs begins once the preliminary project stage is completed and we commit to funding the software project. Capitalizing ceases when the software project is ready for its intended use. Capitalized software costs are recorded in “Property and equipment, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. Costs incurred during the preliminary project stage plus costs associated with training and maintenance are expensed as incurred. ​ Asset Retirement Obligation ​ We record an asset retirement obligation for the estimated fair value of legal obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of the related asset in the period in which the obligation is incurred. In periods subsequent to initial measurement, we recognize changes in the liability resulting from the passage of time and revisions to either the timing or the amount of the original estimate. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset. Our asset retirement obligations relate primarily to certain legal obligations to remediate leased property on our communication towers and are recorded in “Property and equipment, net” with the related liability recorded in “Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. ​ Other Investments ​ Equity Method Investments ​ We use the equity method to account for investments when we have the ability to exercise significant influence on the operating decisions of the affiliate. Such investments are initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for our proportionate share of the net earnings or loss of the investee, which is reported in “Other, net” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The carrying amount of such investments includes a component of goodwill when the cost of our investment exceeds the fair value of the underlying identifiable assets and liabilities of the affiliate. Dividends received from these affiliates reduces the carrying amount of our investment. ​ Cost Method Investments ​ We generally measure investments in non-publicly traded equity instruments without a readily determinable fair value at cost adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar securities of the same issuer and changes resulting from impairments, if any. Other equity instruments are measured to determine their value based on observable market information. When we adjust the carrying amount of an investment to its estimated fair value, the gain or loss is recorded in “Other, net” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ Other Debt Investments ​ We generally record our investments in non-publicly traded debt instruments without a readily determinable fair value at amortized cost. We recognize any discounts over the term of the loan in “Interest income” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). In addition, from time to time, some of our debt instruments have interest income that is paid-in-kind, which is added to the principal balance to determine the then current interest income. When we adjust the carrying amount of an investment, the gain or loss is recorded in “Other, net” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ F- 16 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Impairment Considerations ​ We periodically evaluate all of our other investments to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. We consider information if provided to us by our investees such as current financial statements, business plans, investment documentation, capitalization tables, liquidation waterfalls, litigation updates and board materials; and we may make additional inquiries of investee management. ​ Indicators of impairment may include, but are not limited to, unprofitable operations, material loss contingencies, changes in business strategy, changes in market trends or market conditions, changes in the investees’ enterprise value, regulatory matters, and changes in the investees’ investment pricing. When we determine that one of our other investments is impaired we reduce its carrying value to its estimated fair value and recognize the impairment loss in “Other, net” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ Derivative Instruments ​ We may purchase and hold derivative financial instruments for, among other reasons, strategic or speculative purposes. We record all derivative financial instruments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value as either assets or liabilities. Changes in the fair values of derivative financial instruments are recognized in our results of operations and included in “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We have not designated any derivative financial instrument for hedge accounting. ​ We had the option to purchase certain of T-Mobile’s 800 MHz spectrum licenses from T-Mobile at a fixed price which expired on its own terms on April 1, 2024 . ​ Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Finite-Lived Intangible Assets ​ We review our long-lived assets and identifiable finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Intangible assets that have finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. For assets which are held and used in operations, the asset would be impaired if the carrying amount of the asset (or asset group) exceeded its undiscounted future net cash flows. When an impairment is determined, the actual impairment recognized is the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value as estimated using one of the following approaches: income, cost and/or market. In the event of an impairment, a loss is recorded in “Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset or asset group. Assets which are to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. ​ Fair value, using the income approach, is determined primarily using a discounted cash flow model that uses the estimated cash flows associated with the asset or asset group under review, discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Fair value, utilizing the cost approach, is determined based on the replacement cost of the asset reduced for, among other things, depreciation and obsolescence. Fair value, utilizing the market approach, benchmarks the fair value against the carrying amount. ​ Pay-TV Satellite Fleet ​ We currently evaluate our Pay-TV satellite fleet for impairment as one asset group whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. We do not believe any triggering event has occurred which would indicate impairment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. We will continue to monitor our Pay-TV satellite fleet for indicators of impairment. ​ F- 17 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Broadband and Satellite Services Satellite Fleet ​ We currently evaluate our Broadband and Satellite Services satellite fleet for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. We do not believe any triggering event has occurred which would indicate impairment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. We will continue to monitor our Broadband and Satellite Services satellite fleet for indicators of impairment. ​ Finite-Lived Regulatory Authorizations ​ We have regulatory authorizations that are not related to the FCC and have determined that they have finite lives due to uncertainties about the ability to extend or renew their terms. Finite-lived regulatory authorizations are amortized over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. Renewal costs are usually capitalized when they are incurred. We do not believe any triggering event has occurred which would indicate impairment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. ​ Finite-Lived Intangible Assets ​ Intangible assets include customer relationships, trademarks, and certain below market contracts. These assets are amortized over their respective useful lives. We do not believe any triggering event has occurred which would indicate impairment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. ​ Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Goodwill ​ We do not amortize indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill but test these assets for impairment annually, during the fourth quarter or more often if indicators of impairment arise. We have the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. However, we may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment in any period and proceed directly to performing the quantitative impairment test. Our intangible assets with indefinite lives primarily consist of FCC licenses and certain other contractual or regulatory rights to use spectrum at specified orbital locations. Generally, we have determined that our FCC licenses have indefinite useful lives due to the following: ​ ● FCC licenses are a non-depleting asset; ● existing FCC licenses are integral to our business segments and will contribute to cash flows indefinitely; ● replacement satellite applications are generally authorized by the FCC subject to certain conditions, without substantial cost under a stable regulatory, legislative and legal environment; ● maintenance expenditures to obtain future cash flows are not significant; ● FCC licenses are not technologically dependent; and ● we intend to use these assets indefinitely. ​ Pay-TV Segment Licenses ​ We combine all of our indefinite-lived Pay-TV segment licenses that we currently utilize or plan to utilize in the future into a single unit of accounting. For 2024, 2023 and 2022, management performed a qualitative assessment to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Pay-TV segment licenses exceeds the carrying amount. In our assessment, we considered several factors, including, among others, overall financial performance, industry and market considerations and relevant company specific events. In contemplating all factors in their totality, we concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the Pay-TV segment licenses exceeds the carrying amount. As such, no further analysis was required. ​ F- 18 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Broadband and Satellite Services Segment Licenses ​ We combine all of our indefinite-lived Broadband and Satellite Services segment licenses that we currently utilize or plan to utilize in the future into a single unit of accounting. For 2024, 2023 and 2022, management performed a qualitative assessment to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Broadband and Satellite Services segment licenses exceeds the carrying amount. In our assessment, we considered several factors, including, among others, overall financial performance, industry and market considerations and relevant company specific events. In contemplating all factors in their totality, we concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the Broadband and Satellite Services segment licenses exceeds the carrying amount. As such, no further analysis was required. ​ Wireless Segment Spectrum Licenses ​ We combine all of our indefinite-lived Wireless segment spectrum licenses, excluding the MVDDS Licenses discussed below, into a single unit of accounting. ​ Management performs either a qualitative assessment or a quantitative assessment, using the market approach or the income approach, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of these licenses exceeds the carrying amount . The market approach assesses the value of our spectrum using benchmarks, based on market transactions, which may include spectrum auctions and secondary market transactions, either acquisitions of spectrum or of businesses for which spectrum values can reliably be inferred. ​ In 2024, management performed a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of these licenses exceeds the carrying amount. In our assessment, we considered several factors, including, among others, prior year quantitative assessments, industry considerations and secondary market transactions. In contemplating all factors in their totality, we concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of these licenses exceeds the carrying amount. ​ In 2023, management performed a quantitative assessment to determine whether the fair value of these licenses exceeds the carrying amount. The quantitative assessment consisted of a market approach performed by a third-party and reviewed by management. In our assessment, we concluded that under the market approach the fair value of these licenses are substantially in excess of the carrying value. ​ In 2022, management performed a quantitative assessment to determine whether the fair value of these licenses exceeds the carrying amount. In our assessment, we performed the market approach and the income approach and concluded that under both scenarios the fair value of these licenses are substantially in excess of the carrying value. ​ Changes in circumstances or market conditions could result in a write-down of any of the above Wireless segment spectrum licenses in the future. ​ Goodwill ​ We perform our annual impairment assessment for goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets each year during the fourth quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate an impairment may be possible. ​ ​ F- 19 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ For the year ended December 31, 2023, our assessment indicated the goodwill attributed to certain acquisitions was no longer supported based on the sustained decrease in our market capitalization. As such, we recorded a total noncash impairment charge equal to all of our goodwill of approximately $ 758 million in “Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ The following table presents the changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill by operating segment: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Goodwill Pay-TV Wireless Broadband and Satellite Services ​ Total ​ ​ (In thousands) Balance, December 31, 2022, net of accumulated impairment losses ​ $ 6,457 ​ $ 218,560 ​ $ 532,491 ​ $ 757,508 Impairment of goodwill ​ ​ ( 6,457 ) ​ ​ ( 218,560 ) ​ ​ ( 532,491 ) ​ ​ ( 757,508 ) Balance, December 31, 2023, net of accumulated impairment losses ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ Capitalized Interest ​ We capitalize interest associated with the acquisition or construction of certain assets, including, among other things, our Wireless spectrum licenses, build-out costs associated with our 5G Network Deployment and satellites. Capitalization of interest begins when, among other things, steps are taken to prepare the asset for its intended use and ceases when the asset is ready for its intended use or when these activities are substantially suspended. ​ We are currently commercializing our 5G Network Deployment. As a result, the interest expense related to the carrying amount of the 5G Network Deployment qualifying assets is being capitalized. Historically, the qualifying assets exceeded the carrying value of our long-term debt and finance lease obligations, therefore substantially all of our interest expense was being capitalized. As the qualifying assets, including markets within certain bands of wireless spectrum licenses, have been placed into service with the deployment of our 5G Network, we no longer capitalize substantially all interest on those assets and as a result, during the year ended December 31, 2024, we incurred $ 429 million of “Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), which would have previously been capitalized. We expect this trend to continue. ​ Business Combinations ​ When we acquire a business that is not subject to rules pertaining to common control, we allocate the purchase price to the various components of the acquisition based upon the fair value of each component using various valuation techniques, including the market approach, income approach and/or cost approach. The accounting standard for business combinations requires identifiable assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interests and goodwill acquired to be recorded at acquisition date fair values. Transaction costs related to the acquisition of the business are expensed as incurred. Costs associated with the issuance of debt associated with a business combination are capitalized and included as a yield adjustment to the underlying debt’s stated rate. ​ Acquired intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized over their estimated useful lives unless the lives are determined to be indefinite. Amortization of these intangible assets in general are recognized on a straight-line basis over an average finite useful life primarily ranging from approximately one to 20 years or in relation to the estimated discounted cash flows over the life of the intangible asset. ​ F- 20 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Long-Term Deferred Revenue and Other Long-Term Liabilities ​ Certain programmers provide us up-front payments. Such amounts are deferred and recognized as reductions to “Cost of services” on a straight-line basis over the relevant remaining contract term (generally up to ten years ). The current and long-term portions of these deferred credits are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets in “Deferred revenue and other” and “Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities,” respectively. ​ Sales Taxes ​ We account for sales taxes imposed on our goods and services on a net basis on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Since we primarily act as an agent for the governmental authorities, the amount charged to the customer is collected and remitted directly to the appropriate jurisdictional entity. ​ Income Taxes ​ We establish a provision for income taxes currently payable or receivable and for income tax amounts deferred to future periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the estimated future tax effects of differences that exist between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are offset by valuation allowances when we believe it is more likely than not that such net deferred tax assets will not be realized. ​ From time to time, we engage in transactions where the tax consequences may be subject to uncertainty. We record a liability when, in management’s judgment, a tax filing position does not meet the more likely than not threshold. For tax positions that meet the more likely than not threshold, we may record a liability depending on management’s assessment of how the tax position will ultimately be settled. We adjust our estimates periodically for ongoing examinations by and settlements with various taxing authorities, as well as changes in tax laws, regulations and precedent. We classify interest and penalties, if any, associated with our uncertain tax positions as a component of “Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized” and “Other, net,” respectively, on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ Fair Value Measurements ​ We determine fair value based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Market or observable inputs are the preferred source of values, followed by unobservable inputs or assumptions based on hypothetical transactions in the absence of market inputs. We apply the following hierarchy in determining fair value: ​ ● Level 1, defined as observable inputs being quoted prices in active markets for identical assets; ● Level 2, defined as observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; and quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and ● Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other participants therefore requiring assumptions based on the best information available. ​ As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying amount for cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable (net of allowance for credit losses) and current liabilities (excluding the “Current portion of debt, finance lease and other obligations”) was equal to or approximated fair value due to their short-term nature or proximity to current market rates. ​ F- 21 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Fair values of our marketable investment securities are measured on a recurring basis based on a variety of observable market inputs. For our investments in publicly traded equity securities and U.S. government securities, fair value ordinarily is determined based on Level 1 measurements that reflect quoted prices for identical securities in active markets. Fair values of our investments in other marketable debt securities are generally based on Level 2 measurements as the markets for such debt securities are less active. We consider trades of identical debt securities on or near the measurement date as a strong indication of fair value and matrix pricing techniques that consider par value, coupon rate, credit quality, maturity and other relevant features may also be used to determine fair value of our investments in marketable debt securities. Additionally, we use fair value measurements from time to time in connection with other investments, asset impairment testing and the assignment of purchase consideration to assets and liabilities of acquired companies. Those fair value measurements typically include significant unobservable inputs and are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy are considered to occur at the beginning of the quarterly accounting period. See Note 6 for the fair value of our marketable investment securities and derivative instruments. ​ Fair values for our publicly traded debt securities are based on quoted market prices, when available. The fair values of private debt are based on, among other things, available trade information, and/or an analysis in which we evaluate market conditions, related securities, various public and private offerings, and other publicly available information. In performing this analysis, we make various assumptions regarding, among other things, credit spreads, and the impact of these factors on the value of the debt securities. See Note 10 for the fair value of our debt. ​ Deferred Debt Issuance Costs and Debt Discounts ​ Costs of issuing debt, including premiums and discounts relative to par value, are generally deferred and amortized to “Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) using the effective interest rate method over the terms of the respective notes. We report unamortized debt issuance costs as a reduction of the related long-term debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 10 for further information. ​ Revenue Recognition ​ Pay-TV Segment ​ Our Pay-TV segment revenue is primarily derived from Pay-TV subscriber revenue. We also generate revenue from equipment rental fees and other hardware related fees, including DVRs and fees from subscribers with multiple receivers; advertising services; fees earned from our in-home service operations; broadband services; warranty services; sales of digital receivers and related equipment to third-party pay-TV providers; satellite uplink and telemetry, tracking and control (“TT&C”) services; and revenue from in-home services. See Note 16 for further information, including revenue disaggregated by major source. ​ Our residential video subscribers contract for individual services or combinations of services, as discussed above, the majority of which are generally distinct and are accounted for as separate performance obligations. We consider our installations for first time DISH TV subscribers to be a service. However, since we provide a significant integration service combining the installation with programming services, we have concluded that the installation is not distinct from programming and thus the installation and programming services are accounted for as a single performance obligation. We generally satisfy these performance obligations and recognize revenue as the services are provided, for example as the programming is broadcast to subscribers, as this best represents the transfer of control of the services to the subscriber. ​ F- 22 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ In cases where a subscriber is charged certain nonrefundable upfront fees, those fees are generally considered to be material rights to the subscriber related to the subscriber’s option to renew without having to pay an additional fee upon renewal. These fees are deferred and recognized over the estimated period of time during which the fee remains material to the customer, which we estimate to be less than one year. Revenues arising from our in-home services that are separate from the initial installation, such as mounting a TV on a subscriber’s wall, are generally recognized when these services are performed. ​ For our residential video subscribers, we have concluded that the contract term under Accounting Standard Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) is one month and as a result the revenue recognized for these subscribers for a given month is equal to the amount billed in that month, except for certain nonrefundable upfront fees that are accounted for as material rights, as discussed above. ​ Revenues from our advertising services are typically recognized as the advertisements are broadcast. Sales of equipment to subscribers or other third parties are recognized when control is transferred under the contract. Revenue from our commercial video subscribers typically follows the residential model described above, with the exception that the contract term for most of our commercial subscribers exceeds one month and can be multiple years in length. However, commercial subscribers typically do not receive time-limited discounts or free service periods and accordingly, while they may have multiple performance obligations, revenue is equal to the amount billed in a given month. ​ Wireless Segment ​ Our Wireless Segment revenue is primarily derived from Wireless subscriber revenue and selling wireless devices to subscribers. The majority of our subscribers are prepaid with a smaller subset of postpaid subscribers. Prepaid subscribers prepay for their monthly service on a month-to-month contract. Our contracts with prepaid customers are determined to be one month. Postpaid subscribers are qualified to pay for their service after it has been provided and pay for their monthly service on a month-to-month contract. Our contracts with postpaid customers typically have an enforceable duration of one month. However, promotional bill credits offered to a customer on an equipment sale that are paid over time and are contingent on the customer maintaining a service contract may result in an extended service contract based on whether a substantive penalty is deemed to exist. ​ We have both an indirect sales channel, which includes third-party owned retail stores and big box stores, as well as online through Amazon and Apple, and a direct sales channel, which services customers online through each respective brand’s website. To deliver products to third-party retail stores through the indirect sales channel, we use direct distribution partners to facilitate product delivery. Our contracts with customers may involve more than one performance obligation, which include wireless services, wireless devices or a combination thereof, and we allocate the transaction price between each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Although our Wireless segment offers both products and services, we have determined that not all contracts with customers are bundled arrangements as the wireless device and service are sometimes sold at different times, and in the case of certain sales arrangements through the indirect sales channel, have different customers. When control of the product is transferred to an intermediary other than the end customer in the indirect channel, the customer for the wireless device is the intermediary, such as the direct distribution partner, whereas for the service the subscriber is the end consumer. When control of the product is not transferred to the intermediary, in the indirect channel the product is accounted for as consigned inventory and the customer for both the wireless device and service is the end customer. Service revenues may also include other value added services to subscribers, which may be recorded either gross or net within our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) depending on whether we are deemed to be the principal or agent in the relationship with the subscriber. Service revenues are recognized when the service has been provided and no further obligation exists. Concessions given to subscribers are recorded as a reduction to revenue. ​ F- 23 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Equipment revenues are primarily related to the sale of wireless devices. Equipment revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to our customer, either the direct distribution partner or the end customer, as described above. We offer postpaid customers the option to pay for devices in installments, generally over 36 months. We recognize the effects of a financing component as a reduction of the transaction price in contracts where customers purchase their devices with an installment term of more than one year, including those financing components that are not considered to be significant to the contract in “Service revenue” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We have elected the practical expedient of not recognizing the effects of a significant financing component for contracts where we expect, at contract inception, that the period between the transfer of a performance obligation to a customer and the customer’s payment for that performance obligation will be one year or less. We may offer certain promotions that provide our customers on device installment plans with the right to upgrade to a new device after paying a specified portion of their device payment plan agreement amount and trading in their device in good working order. We account for this trade-in right as a guarantee obligation. The full amount of the trade-in right’s fair value is recognized as a guarantee liability and results in a reduction to the revenue recognized upon the sale of the device. The total transaction price is reduced by the guarantee, which is accounted for outside the scope of ASC 606, and the remaining transaction price is allocated between the performance obligations within the contract. ​ Sales of equipment in the indirect sales channel often include credits subsequently paid to the direct distribution partner as a reimbursement for any discount promotions offered to the end consumer. ​ These credits (payments to a customer) are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the amount of revenue to recognize from the sales of equipment to indirect dealers and are estimated based on historical experience and other factors, such as expected promotional activity. For wireless devices sold with a right of return, we defer a portion of equipment revenue and cost of sales to reflect this variable consideration. ​ Broadband and Satellite Services Segment ​ Our broadband service contracts typically obligate us to provide substantially the same services on a recurring basis in exchange for fixed recurring fees over the term of the contract. We satisfy such performance obligations over time and recognize revenue ratably as services are rendered over the service period. Certain of our contracts with service obligations provide for fees based on usage, capacity or volume. We satisfy these performance obligations and recognize the related revenue at the point in time, or over the period, when the services are rendered. Our Broadband and Satellite Services segment also sells and leases communications equipment to its customers. Revenue from equipment sales generally is recognized based upon shipment terms. Our equipment sales contracts typically include standard product warranties, but generally do not provide for returns or refunds. Revenue for extended warranties is recognized ratably over the extended warranty period. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we typically allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling prices. When the standalone selling price is not observable, our primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin. Our contracts generally require customer payments to be made at or shortly after the time we transfer control of goods or perform the services. ​ In addition to equipment and service offerings, our Broadband and Satellite Services segment also enters into long-term contracts to design, develop, construct and install complex telecommunication networks for mobile system operators and enterprise customers. Revenue from such contracts is generally recognized over time as a measure of progress that depicts the transfer of control of the goods or services to the customer. Depending on the nature of the arrangement, we measure progress toward contract completion using an appropriate input method or output method. Under the input method, we recognize the transaction price as revenue based on the ratio of costs incurred to estimated total costs at completion. Under the output method, revenue and cost of sales are recognized as products are delivered based on the expected profit for the entire agreement. Profit margins on long-term contracts generally are based on estimates of revenue and costs at completion. We review and revise our estimates periodically and recognize related adjustments in the period in which the revisions are made. F- 24 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Estimated losses on contracts are recorded in the period in which they are identified. We generally receive interim payments as work progresses, although for some contracts, we may be entitled to receive an advance payment. ​ We derive a portion of our revenues from contracts with customers for connectivity services. These contracts typically require advance or recurring monthly payments by the customer. Our obligation to provide connectivity services is satisfied over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided. The measure of progress over time is generally based upon usage. ​ Generally, our satellite service contracts with customers contain a single performance obligation and, therefore, there is no need to allocate the transaction price. We transfer control and recognize revenue for satellite services at the point in time or over the period when the services are rendered. ​ Governmental Funding ​ We participate in various United States federal and state programs, including, but not limited to, the Affordable Connectivity Program (“ACP”) and Lifeline program, under which eligible low-income households may receive a discount off the cost of broadband service and certain connected devices, and participating providers can receive a reimbursement for such discounts. The ACP program funding concluded on June 1, 2024. This revenue is included in “Service revenue” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Corresponding receivables are recorded when services have been provided to the customers and costs incurred, but cash has not been received. These amounts are included in “Trade accounts receivable, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. ​ Contract Balances ​ The timing of revenue recognition generally differs from the timing of invoicing to customers. A contract asset is recorded when revenue is recognized in advance of our right to receive consideration (i.e., we must perform additional services in order to receive consideration). Amounts are recorded as trade accounts receivable when our right to consideration is unconditional. When consideration is received, or we have an unconditional right to consideration in advance of delivery of goods or services, a contract liability is recorded. The transaction price can include nonrefundable upfront fees, which are allocated to the identifiable performance obligations. Our residential video subscribers are typically billed monthly, and the contract balances for those customers arise from the timing of the monthly billing cycle. Our current Wireless subscribers, the majority of which are prepaid, generate deferred revenue. We do not adjust the amount of consideration for financing impacts when we anticipate that the period between transfer of goods and services and eventual payment for those goods and services will be less than one year . Contract assets are included in “Trade accounts receivable, net” and contract liabilities are included in “Deferred revenue and other” and “Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Contract balances are amortized over the contract term. See Note 17 for further information, including balance and activity detail about our allowance for credit losses and deferred revenue related to contracts with subscribers. ​ Assets Recognized Related to the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer ​ We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. We have determined that certain sales incentive programs in our Pay-TV, Broadband and Satellite Services, and Wireless segments, including those with our independent third-party retailers, meet the requirements to be capitalized, and payments made under these programs are capitalized and amortized to expense over the estimated customer life or the contract term. These amounts are capitalized in “Prepaids and other assets” and “Other noncurrent assets, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, and then amortized in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ F- 25 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Leases ​ Lessee Accounting ​ We enter into non-cancelable operating and finance leases for, among other things, communication towers, satellites, satellite-related ground infrastructure, data centers, office space, dark fiber and transport equipment, warehouses and distribution centers, vehicles and other equipment. Substantially all of our leases have remaining lease terms from one to 13 years , some of which include renewal options, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within one year . For certain arrangements (generally communication towers), the lease term includes the non-cancelable period plus the renewal period that we are reasonably certain to exercise. ​ We determine if an arrangement is a lease and classify that lease as either an operating or finance lease at inception. Operating leases are included in “Operating lease assets,” “Other accrued expenses” and “Operating lease liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance leases are included in “Property and equipment, net,” “Current portion of debt, finance lease and other obligations” and “Long-term debt, finance lease and other obligations, net of current portion” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). See Note 9 for further information on our lease expenses. ​ ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the present value of our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The operating lease ROU asset also includes the impact of prepaid or deferred lease payments. When our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our IBR based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Our IBR is based on an estimated secured rate for the same term as the underlying lease plus a credit spread as secured by our assets. For leases denominated in a currency different than U.S. dollar, IBR is estimated using the collateralized borrowing rate in the foreign currency using the U.S. dollar and foreign currency swap spread, when available. The length of our lease term may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ​ We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. ​ Lessor Accounting ​ DISH TV subscribers have the choice of leasing or purchasing the satellite receiver and other equipment necessary to receive our DISH TV services. Most of our new DISH TV subscribers choose to lease equipment and thus we retain title to such equipment. Equipment leased to new and existing DISH TV subscribers is capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. ​ For equipment leased to new and existing DISH TV subscribers, we made an accounting policy election to combine the equipment with our programming services as a single performance obligation in accordance with the revenue recognition guidance as the programming services are the predominant component. The non-lease service revenue related to equipment leased to new and existing DISH TV subscribers would have otherwise been accounted for as an operating lease. ​ F- 26 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ We lease satellite capacity, communications equipment and real estate to certain of our customers. We identify and determine the classification of such leases as operating leases or sales-type leases. A lease is classified as a sales-type lease if it meets the criteria for a finance lease; otherwise it is classified as an operating lease. Some of our leases are embedded in contracts with customers that include non-lease performance obligations. ​ For such contracts, except where we have elected otherwise, we allocate consideration in the contract between lease and non-lease components based on their relative standalone selling prices. We elected an accounting policy to not separate the lease of equipment from related services in our HughesNet satellite internet service (the “HughesNet service”) contracts with customers and account for all revenue from such contracts as non-lease service revenue. Assets subject to operating leases remain in “Property and equipment, net” and continue to be depreciated. Assets subject to sales-type leases are derecognized from “Property and equipment, net” at lease commencement and a net investment in the lease asset is recognized in “Trade accounts receivable, net” and “Other noncurrent assets, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. ​ Operating lease revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Sales-type lease revenue and a corresponding receivable generally are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of the future lease payments and related interest income on the receivable is recognized over the lease term. Payments under sales-type leases are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. We report revenue and periodic interest income from sales-type leases at the commencement date in “Equipment sales and other revenue” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We report operating lease revenue in “Service revenue” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ Cost of Services ​ Pay-TV Segment ​ “Cost of services” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) principally includes programming expenses and other operating costs related to our Pay-TV segment. The cost of television programming distribution rights is generally incurred on a per subscriber basis and various upfront carriage payments are recognized when the related programming is distributed to subscribers. Long-term flat rate programming contracts are generally charged to expense using the straight-line method over the term of the agreement. The cost of television programming rights to distribute live sporting events for a season or tournament is charged to expense using the straight-line method over the course of the season or tournament. ​ Wireless Segment ​ “Cost of services” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) principally includes costs incurred under the MNSA and NSA, lease expense on communication towers and transport as well as cloud services, certain direct costs of our 5G Network operations necessary to deliver wireless voice and data services. Costs incurred under the MNSA and NSA are recognized as the services are performed or as incurred. Lease costs are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs related to cloud services are either recognized ratably over the contract term or based on usage. ​ Broadband and Satellite Services Segment ​ “Cost of services” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) principally consists of costs of satellite capacity and services, hub infrastructure, customer care, wireline and wireless capacity and direct labor costs associated with the services provided and is generally charged to expense as incurred. ​ F- 27 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Cost of Sales – Equipment and Other ​ Pay-TV Segment ​ “Cost of sales – equipment and other” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) principally includes costs related to the non-subsidized sales of Pay-TV equipment. Costs are generally recognized as products are delivered to customers and the related revenue is recognized. ​ Wireless Segment ​ “Cost of sales – equipment and other” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) principally includes the cost of wireless devices and other related items. Costs are recognized as products are delivered to customers and the related revenue is recognized. ​ Broadband and Satellite Services Segment ​ “Cost of sales – equipment and other” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) principally consists of inventory costs, including freight and royalties, and is generally recognized at the point in time control of the equipment is passed to the customer and related revenue is recognized. ​ Advertising Costs ​ We recognize advertising expense when incurred as a component of “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Advertising expenses totaled $ 745 million, $ 868 million and $ 816 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. ​ Research and Development ​ Research and development costs, not incurred in connection with customer requirements, are expensed as incurred and are included as a component of “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Additionally, customer-related research and development costs are incurred in connection with the specific requirements of a customer’s order; in such instances, the amounts for these customer funded development efforts are also included in “Cost of sales – equipment and other” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Research and development costs totaled $ 91 million, $ 110 million and $ 110 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. ​ Foreign Currency ​ The functional currency for certain of our foreign operations is determined to be the local currency. Accordingly, we translate assets and liabilities of these foreign entities from their local currencies to U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates and translate income and expense accounts at monthly average rates. The resulting translation adjustments are reported in “Other, net” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Except in certain uncommon circumstances, we have not recorded deferred income taxes related to our foreign currency translation adjustments. ​ Gains and losses resulting from the re-measurement of transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in “Other, net” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ F- 28 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ New Accounting Pronouncements ​ Not Yet Adopted ​ Joint Ventures. On August 23, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, Business Combinations — Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60) (“ASU 2023-05”), which requires an entity that qualifies as either a joint venture or a corporate joint venture as defined in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) master glossary to apply a new basis of accounting upon the formation of the joint venture. This standard will be effective for all joint venture formations with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025. A joint venture that was formed before January 1, 2025 may elect to apply the amendments retrospectively if it has sufficient information. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period in which financial statements have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. We plan to adopt the standard if applicable and we expect the adoption of the standard will have an immaterial impact on our disclosures. ​ Income Taxes. On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-9, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which will enhance income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires among other items disaggregated information in a reporting entity’s rate reconciliation table, clarification on uncertain tax positions and the related financial statement impact as well as information on income taxes paid on a disaggregated basis. This standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. ​ Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses . On November 5, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) (“ASU 2024-03”), which will enhance financial statement reporting by providing additional information about specific expense categories, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and amortization. This standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2024-03 will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. ​
3. Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share ​ We present both basic earnings per share (“EPS”) and diluted EPS. Basic EPS excludes potential dilution and is computed by dividing “Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar” by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock awards were exercised and if, our Existing DISH Convertible Notes and EchoStar Convertible Notes, as defined in Note 10, (together the “Convertible Notes,”) were converted. The potential dilution from stock awards is accounted for using the treasury stock method based on the average market value of our Class A common stock for the reporting period. The potential dilution from conversion of the Convertible Notes is accounted for using the if-converted method, which requires that all of the shares of our Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes will be included in the calculation of diluted EPS assuming conversion of the Convertible Notes at the beginning of the reporting period (or at time of issuance, if later). ​ F- 29 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ The following table presents EPS amounts for all periods and the basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding used in the calculation. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ ​ (In thousands, except per share amounts) ​ Net income (loss) $ ( 124,515 ) ​ $ ( 1,634,824 ) ​ $ 2,536,892 ​ Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax ​ ​ ( 4,969 ) ​ ​ 67,233 ​ ​ 59,172 ​ Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar - Basic ​ ​ ( 119,546 ) ​ ​ ( 1,702,057 ) ​ ​ 2,477,720 ​ Interest on dilutive Convertible Notes, net of tax (1)(5) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar - Diluted ​ $ ( 119,546 ) ​ $ ( 1,702,057 ) ​ $ 2,477,720 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted-average common shares outstanding - Class A and B common stock: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Basic (2) ​ ​ 274,079 ​ ​ 270,842 ​ ​ 270,102 ​ Dilutive impact of Convertible Notes (3)(4)(5) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 37,550 ​ Dilutive impact of stock awards outstanding (5) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 81 ​ Diluted ​ ​ 274,079 ​ ​ 270,842 ​ ​ 307,733 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Earnings per share - Class A and B common stock: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to EchoStar ​ $ ( 0.44 ) ​ $ ( 6.28 ) ​ $ 9.17 ​ Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to EchoStar ​ $ ( 0.44 ) ​ $ ( 6.28 ) ​ $ 8.05 ​ (1) For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, substantially all of our interest expense was capitalized. See Note 2 for further information. (2) On November 12, 2024, as a result of the PIPE Investment (as defined below), we issued 14.265 million shares of our Class A Common Stock. (3) We repurchased or redeemed the principal balance of our 2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024 as of March 15, 2024, the instrument’s maturity date. (4) On November 12, 2024, we issued $ 1.906 billion aggregate principal amount of EchoStar Convertible Notes (as defined in Note 10) , which includes the EchoStar Convertible Notes issued upon the closing of the EchoStar Exchange Offers (as defined in Note 10). Upon the closing of the EchoStar Exchange Offers the Existing DISH Convertible Notes (as defined in Note 10) with an aggregate principal amount of $ 183 million remain outstanding. Subsequent to November 12, 2024, the total outstanding aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Notes may be converted into 58 million shares. (5) For both the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the dilutive impact of 38 million weighted-average shares of Class A common stock were excluded from the computation of “Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to EchoStar” because the effect would have been anti-dilutive as a result of the net loss attributable to EchoStar in the period. ​ Certain stock awards to acquire our Class A common stock are not included in the weighted-average common shares outstanding above, as their effect is anti-dilutive. In addition, vesting of performance/market based options and rights to acquire shares of our Class A common stock granted pursuant to our performance based stock incentive plans (“Restricted Performance Units”) are both contingent upon meeting certain goals, some of which are not yet probable of being achieved. Furthermore, the warrants that we issued to certain option counterparties in connection with the Convertible Notes due 2026 are only exercisable at their expiration if the market price per share of our Class A common stock is greater than the strike price of the warrants, which is at price ranges of approximately $ 185.75 to $ 245.33 per share , subject to certain adjustments. As a consequence, the following are not included in the diluted EPS calculation. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ (In thousands) Anti-dilutive stock awards ​ 7,082 ​ 10,906 ​ 9,680 Performance/market based options 4,300 ​ 4,631 ​ 5,285 Restricted Performance Units/Awards ​ — ​ — ​ 388 Common stock warrants ​ 16,151 ​ 16,151 ​ 16,151 Total ​ 27,533 ​ 31,688 ​ 31,504 ​ F- 30 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued PIPE Shares ​ On September 30, 2024, we entered into subscription agreements with certain accredited investors including CONX Corp. (an entity partially owned by Charles W. Ergen, our Chairman) (“CONX”), (the “PIPE Investors” and the subscription agreements, the “Subscription Agreements”), pursuant to which the PIPE Investors agreed to purchase an aggregate of 14.265 million shares (the “PIPE Shares”) of our Class A Common Stock at a purchase price of $ 28.04 per share, for an aggregate cash purchase price of approximately $ 400 million (such investment, the “PIPE Investment”). The portion of the PIPE Investment represented by the CONX Subscription Agreement represented an agreement to purchase from us an aggregate of 1.551 million shares of our Class A Common Stock for an aggregate cash purchase price of approximately $ 43.5 million. The PIPE Shares were issued and settled on November 12, 2024. ​
4. Supplemental Data - Statements of Cash Flows ​ The following table presents certain supplemental cash flow and other non-cash data. See Note 9 for supplemental cash flow and non-cash data related to leases. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) Cash paid for interest (including capitalized interest) $ 1,429,588 ​ $ 1,400,524 ​ $ 1,144,915 Cash received for interest ​ ​ 53,037 ​ ​ 163,729 ​ ​ 30,264 Cash paid for income taxes, net of (refunds) ​ ​ ( 11,675 ) ​ ​ 15,634 ​ ​ 98,930 Capitalized interest (1) ​ ​ 1,104,736 ​ ​ 1,335,129 ​ ​ 1,084,880 Employee benefits paid in Class A common stock ​ ​ — ​ ​ 20,101 ​ ​ 33,389 Vendor financing ​ ​ — ​ ​ 87,343 ​ ​ 108,048 Regulatory authorizations reclassification ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 122,657 Accrued capital expenditures ​ ​ 137,685 ​ ​ 238,231 ​ ​ 403,134 Asset retirement obligation ​ ​ 20,929 ​ ​ 74,189 ​ ​ 122,390 Revaluation of contingent liabilities ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 47,916 Non-cash net assets received as part of the India JV formation ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 36,701 (1) See Note 2 for further information. ​ ​ ​ F- 31 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​
5. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ​ The following table presents the tax effect on each component of “Other comprehensive income (loss)” and excludes noncontrolling interest: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ ​ 2024 ​ 2023 ​ 2022 ​ ​ Before ​ Tax ​ Net ​ Before ​ Tax ​ Net ​ Before ​ Tax ​ Net ​ ​ Tax ​ (Expense) ​ of Tax ​ Tax ​ (Expense) ​ of Tax ​ Tax ​ (Expense) ​ of Tax ​ Amount Benefit Amount Amount Benefit Amount Amount Benefit Amount ​ ​ (In thousands) Foreign currency translation adjustments ​ $ ( 36,230 ) ​ $ 563 ​ $ ( 35,667 ) ​ $ 15,479 $ ( 503 ) ​ $ 14,976 ​ $ 33,742 ​ $ 710 ​ $ 34,452 Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities ​ ​ 1,549 ​ ​ ( 375 ) ​ ​ 1,174 ​ ​ ( 306 ) ​ ​ 65 ​ ​ ( 241 ) ​ ​ 536 ​ ( 1,071 ) ​ ​ ( 535 ) Recognition of previously unrealized (gains) losses on available-for-sale securities included in net income (loss) ​ ​ ( 1,539 ) ​ ​ 377 ​ ​ ( 1,162 ) ​ ​ 550 ​ ​ ( 74 ) ​ ​ 476 ​ ​ ( 25 ) ​ ​ 2 ​ ​ ( 23 ) Other ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 2,660 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 2,660 Other comprehensive income (loss) ​ $ ( 36,220 ) ​ $ 565 ​ $ ( 35,655 ) ​ $ 15,723 ​ $ ( 512 ) ​ $ 15,211 ​ $ 36,913 ​ $ ( 359 ) ​ $ 36,554 ​ The “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” is detailed in the following table, net of tax and excludes noncontrolling interest: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Foreign ​ ​ Unrealized/ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Currency ​ ​ Recognized ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Translation ​ ​ Gains ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ​ Adjustment ​ (Losses) Other Total ​ ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ Balance, December 31, 2022 ​ $ ( 175,047 ) ​ $ ( 122 ) ​ $ ( 98 ) ​ $ ( 175,267 ) ​ Foreign currency translation adjustments ​ ​ 14,878 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 98 ​ ​ 14,976 ​ Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 241 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 241 ) ​ Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ​ ​ — ​ ​ 476 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 476 ​ Balance, December 31, 2023 ​ $ ( 160,169 ) ​ $ 113 ​ $ — ​ $ ( 160,056 ) ​ Foreign currency translation adjustments ​ ​ ( 35,667 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 35,667 ) ​ Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification ​ ​ — ​ ​ 1,174 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 1,174 ​ Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 1,162 ) ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 1,162 ) ​ Balance, December 31, 2024 ​ $ ( 195,836 ) ​ $ 125 ​ $ — ​ $ ( 195,711 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ F- 32 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
6. Marketable Investment Securities, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Other Investments ​ Our marketable investment securities, restricted cash and cash equivalents, and other investments consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ 2024 2023 ​ ​ (In thousands) Marketable investment securities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Current marketable investment securities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Strategic - available-for-sale ​ $ 51 ​ $ 144 Strategic - trading/equity ​ ​ 26,454 ​ ​ 176,205 Other ​ ​ 1,215,531 ​ ​ 446,695 Total current marketable investment securities ​ ​ 1,242,036 ​ ​ 623,044 Restricted marketable investment securities (1) ​ ​ 32,114 ​ ​ 27,840 Total marketable investment securities ​ ​ 1,274,150 ​ ​ 650,884 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Restricted cash and cash equivalents (1) ​ ​ 288,411 ​ ​ 90,225 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other investments, net: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Equity method investments (2) ​ ​ 83,423 ​ ​ 169,038 Cost method investments ​ ​ 106,811 ​ ​ 106,134 Fair value method and other debt investments (3) ​ ​ 12,093 ​ ​ 39,198 Total other investments, net ​ ​ 202,327 ​ ​ 314,370 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total marketable investment securities, restricted cash and cash equivalents, and other investments, net ​ $ 1,764,888 ​ $ 1,055,479 (1) Restricted marketable investment securities and restricted cash and cash equivalents are included in “Current restricted cash and cash equivalents” and “Restricted cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and discussed below. (2) The decrease primarily resulted from our Invidi Technologies Corporation and Broadband Connectivity Solutions (Restricted) Limited investments, discussed below. (3) The decrease primarily resulted from a $ 27 million impairment in a fair value method investment during the year ended December 31, 2024 and recorded in “Other, net” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ Marketable Investment Securities ​ Our marketable investment securities portfolio may consist of debt and equity instruments. All equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). All debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value. We report the temporary unrealized gains and losses related to changes in market conditions of marketable debt securities as a separate component of “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” within “Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit),” net of related deferred income tax on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The corresponding changes in the fair value of marketable debt securities, which are determined to be company specific credit losses are recorded in “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). See Note 2 for further information. ​ Current Marketable Investment Securities – Strategic ​ Our current strategic marketable investment securities portfolio includes and may include strategic and financial debt and/or equity investments in private and public companies that are highly speculative and have experienced and continue to experience volatility. As of December 31, 2024, this portfolio consisted of securities of a small number of issuers, and as a result the value of that portfolio depends, among other things, on the performance of those issuers. F- 33 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued The fair value of certain of the debt and equity securities in this portfolio can be adversely impacted by, among other things, the issuers’ respective performance and ability to obtain any necessary additional financing on acceptable terms, or at all. ​ Current Marketable Investment Securities – Other ​ Our current other marketable investment securities portfolio includes investments in various debt instruments including, among others, commercial paper, corporate securities and United States treasury and/or agency securities. ​ Commercial paper consists mainly of unsecured short-term, promissory notes issued primarily by corporations with maturities ranging up to 365 days . Corporate securities consist of debt instruments issued by corporations with various maturities normally less than 18 months . U.S. Treasury and agency securities consist of debt instruments issued by the federal government and other government agencies. ​ Restricted Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Investment Securities ​ As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our restricted marketable investment securities, together with our restricted cash and cash equivalents, included amounts required as collateral for our letters of credit, surety bonds and trusts. ​ Current restricted cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2024 , we had $ 151 million included in “Current restricted cash and cash equivalents” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets that primarily consists of funds received by our subsidiary, DISH DBS Issuer LLC (“DBS SubscriberCo”), from subscriber payments and certain other revenue, which are required to be restricted per the terms of the New DISH DBS Financing, as detailed and defined in Note 10. DBS SubscriberCo holds certain DISH TV subscribers and their related subscription and equipment agreements . ​ Other Investments, net ​ We have strategic investments in certain debt and/or equity securities that are included in noncurrent “Other investments, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value. Generally, our debt investments in non-publicly traded debt instruments without a readily determinable fair value are recorded at amortized cost. Our equity investments where we have the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Certain of our equity method investments are detailed below. ​ NagraStar L.L.C. We own a 50 % interest in NagraStar L.L.C. (“NagraStar”), a joint venture that is our primary provider of encryption and related security systems intended to assure that only authorized customers have access to our programming. The three main technologies NagraStar provides to its customers are microchips, set-top box software, and uplink computer systems. NagraStar also provides end-to-end platform security testing services. ​ Invidi Technologies Corporation . We own a 35 % interest in Invidi Technologies Corporation (“Invidi”), an entity that provides proprietary software for the addressable advertising market. Invidi contracts with multichannel video programming distributers to include its software in their respective set-top boxes and DVRs in order to deliver targeted advertisements based on a variety of demographic attributes selected by the advertisers. Invidi has also developed a cloud-based solution for internet protocol-based platforms. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Invidi impaired the goodwill on their financial statements and our portion of this impairment resulted in a $ 63 million loss in “Equity in earnings (losses) of affiliates” recorded in “Other, net” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) during the year ended December 31, 2024. ​ F- 34 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ TerreStar Solutions, Inc. We own a 33 % interest in TerreStar Solutions, Inc. (“TSI”), an entity that provides wireless mobile communication coverage in Canada using a satellite user terminal. TSI’s wireless communications system is based on a satellite and ground-based technology, which provides communication services in hard-to-reach areas and provides a nationwide interoperable, survivable and critical communications infrastructure. TSI also holds and leases certain 2 GHz wireless spectrum licenses in Canada. ​ Deluxe/EchoStar LLC. We own 50 % of Deluxe/EchoStar LLC (“Deluxe”), a joint venture that we entered into in 2010 to build an advanced digital cinema satellite distribution network targeting delivery to digitally equipped theaters in the U.S. and Canada. ​ Broadband Connectivity Solutions (Restricted) Limited. We own 20 % of Broadband Connectivity Solutions (Restricted) Limited (together with its subsidiaries, “BCS”), a joint venture that we entered into in 2018 to provide commercial Ka-band satellite broadband services across Africa, the Middle East and southwest Asia operating over Yahsat’s Al Yah 2 and Al Yah 3 Ka-band satellites. For the year ended December 31, 2024, BCS distributed $ 20 million of this investment to us. ​ We also hold investments that are not accounted for using the equity method of accounting, which are measured at fair value. Investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values are accounted for at cost, less impairment, and adjusted for observable price changes for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. ​ Our ability to realize value from our strategic investments in securities that are not publicly traded depends on, among other things, the success of the issuers’ businesses and their ability to obtain sufficient capital, on acceptable terms or at all, and to execute their business plans. Because private markets are not as liquid as public markets, there is also increased risk that we will not be able to sell these investments, or that when we desire to sell them, we will not be able to obtain fair value for them. ​ Fair Value Measurements ​ Our investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ ​ 2024 ​ 2023 ​ Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 ​ ​ (In thousands) Cash equivalents (including restricted) ​ $ 3,999,150 ​ $ 255,118 ​ $ 3,744,032 ​ $ — ​ $ 1,692,849 ​ $ 573,504 ​ $ 1,119,345 ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Debt securities (including restricted): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ U.S. Treasury and agency securities ​ $ 8,163 ​ $ 8,163 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 65,172 ​ $ 65,172 ​ $ — ​ $ — Commercial paper ​ ​ 596,568 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 596,568 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 290,398 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 290,398 ​ ​ — Corporate securities ​ ​ 629,115 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 629,115 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 114,265 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 114,265 ​ ​ — Other ​ ​ 13,850 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 13,799 ​ ​ 51 ​ ​ 4,844 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 4,700 ​ ​ 144 Equity securities ​ ​ 26,454 ​ ​ 26,454 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 176,205 ​ ​ 166,481 ​ ​ 9,724 ​ ​ — Total ​ $ 1,274,150 ​ $ 34,617 ​ $ 1,239,482 ​ $ 51 ​ $ 650,884 ​ $ 231,653 ​ $ 419,087 ​ $ 144 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, 2024, restricted and non-restricted marketable investment securities included debt securities of $ 652 million with contractual maturities within one year and $ 596 million with contractual maturities extending longer than one year through and including five years. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as a result of our ability to sell these securities prior to maturity. ​ F- 35 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Derivative Instruments ​ We had the option to purchase certain of T-Mobile’s 800 MHz spectrum licenses from T-Mobile at a fixed price pursuant to the License Purchase Agreement, as defined and detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. This instrument met the definition of a derivative and was valued based upon, among other things, our estimate of the underlying asset price, the expected term, volatility, the risk free rate of return and the probability of us exercising the option. We did not exercise the option to purchase the 800 MHz spectrum licenses pursuant to the License Purchase Agreement, which expired on its own terms on April 1, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the derivative’s fair value was zero on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. All changes in the derivative’s fair value were recorded in “Other, net” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). See the table below. ​ We accounted for our option to purchase certain T-Mobile’s 800 MHz spectrum licenses under the License Purchase Agreement as a Level 3 instrument within the fair value hierarchy. ​ Gains and Losses on Sales and Changes in Carrying Amounts of Investments and Other ​ “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” included on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) is as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, Other, net: 2024 2023 2022 ​ (In thousands) Marketable and non-marketable investment securities - realized and unrealized gains (losses) ​ $ ( 73,217 ) ​ $ 13,664 ​ $ 73,293 Derivative instruments - net realized and/or unrealized gains (losses) ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 1,793,387 ) ​ ​ 1,015,387 Other investment securities - other-than-temporary impairments ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 39,800 ) ​ ​ — Gains (losses) related to early redemption of debt ​ ​ — ​ ​ 73,024 ​ ​ ( 922 ) Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) ​ ​ ( 4,511 ) ​ ​ 5,677 ​ ​ 5,235 Equity in earnings (losses) of affiliates ​ ​ ( 73,451 ) ​ ​ ( 8,098 ) ​ ​ ( 3,087 ) Liberty Puerto Rico Asset Sale gains (losses) (Note 15) ​ ​ 50,418 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — EchoStar Exchange Offers debt extinguishment gains (losses) (Note 10) ​ ​ 688,661 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Other ​ ​ 5,597 ​ ​ ( 21,872 ) ​ ​ ( 1,465 ) Total ​ $ 593,497 ​ $ ( 1,770,792 ) ​ $ 1,088,441 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
7. Inventory ​ Inventory consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ 2024 2023 ​ ​ (In thousands) Finished goods ​ $ 353,401 ​ $ 512,894 Work-in-process and service repairs ​ ​ 58,028 ​ ​ 68,463 Consignment ​ ​ 10,110 ​ ​ 56,360 Raw materials ​ ​ 33,658 ​ ​ 27,452 Total inventory ​ $ 455,197 ​ $ 665,169 ​ ​ F- 36 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​
8. Property and Equipment and Intangible Assets ​ Property and Equipment ​ Property and equipment consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciable Life ​ As of December 31, ​ (In Years) 2024 2023 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (In thousands) Equipment leased to customers ​ 2 ​

​ 5 ​ $ 1,784,801 ​ $ 1,977,450 Satellites (1) ​ 5 ​

​ 15 ​ ​ 3,872,664 ​ ​ 4,168,766 Satellites acquired under finance lease agreements (2) ​ ​ ​ 15 ​ ​ ​ ​ 344,972 ​ ​ 712,832 Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other ​ 1 ​

​ 20 ​ ​ 1,686,992 ​ ​ 1,691,389 5G Network Deployment equipment (3) ​ 3 ​

​ 15 ​ ​ 5,382,706 ​ ​ 4,263,327 Software and computer equipment ​ 2 ​

​ 8 ​ ​ 2,216,007 ​ ​ 2,503,597 Buildings and improvements (4) ​ 1 ​

​ 40 ​ ​ 513,419 ​ ​ 538,815 Land (4) ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ 42,842 ​ ​ 46,675 Construction in progress ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ 1,570,275 ​ ​ 1,844,338 Total property and equipment ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 17,414,678 ​ ​ 17,747,189 Accumulated depreciation ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ( 8,227,546 ) ​ ​ ( 8,185,355 ) Property and equipment, net ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 9,187,132 ​ $ 9,561,834 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1) The Spaceway 3 satellite was deorbited in January 2024. (2) This decrease is primarily related to the Nimiq 5 finance lease that was extended in October 2024 and as a result is currently accounted for as an operating lease. (3) Includes 5G Network Deployment assets acquired under finance lease agreements. (4) This decrease resulted from the sale of certain assets to CONX Corp. , which closed May 1, 2024. See Note 18 for further information. ​ Construction in progress consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ ​ 2024 2023 ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ Pay-TV ​ $ 268,423 ​ $ 162,055 ​ Wireless ​ ​ 1,276,393 ​ ​ 1,639,945 ​ Broadband and Satellite Services ​ ​ 25,459 ​ ​ 42,338 ​ Total construction in progress ​ $ 1,570,275 ​ $ 1,844,338 ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization expense consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) Equipment leased to customers ​ $ 283,099 ​ $ 329,449 ​ $ 400,651 Satellites ​ ​ 293,260 ​ ​ 264,433 ​ ​ 268,994 Buildings, furniture, fixtures, equipment and other ​ ​ 124,123 ​ ​ 144,722 ​ ​ 98,762 5G Network Deployment equipment ​ ​ 718,729 ​ ​ 371,640 ​ ​ 29,992 Software and computer equipment ​ ​ 374,953 ​ ​ 270,200 ​ ​ 185,538 Intangible assets and other amortization expense ​ ​ 136,029 ​ ​ 217,479 ​ ​ 190,958 Total depreciation and amortization ​ $ 1,930,193 ​ $ 1,597,923 ​ $ 1,174,895 ​ Cost of sales and operating expense categories included in our accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) do not include depreciation and amortization expense related to satellites, equipment leased to customers, or our 5G Network Deployment equipment and software, and amortization of development costs of externally marketed software. F- 37 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued Activity relating to our asset retirement obligations was as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ 2024 2023 ​ ​ (In thousands) Balance, beginning of period ​ $ 278,287 ​ $ 183,135 Liabilities incurred ​ ​ 20,929 ​ ​ 74,189 Accretion expense ​ ​ 27,815 ​ ​ 20,963 Balance, end of period ​ $ 327,031 ​ $ 278,287 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total included in Other long-term liabilities ​ $ 327,031 ​ $ 278,287 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The corresponding assets, net of accumulated depreciation, related to asset retirement obligations were $ 216 million and $ 217 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. ​ Satellites Pay-TV Segment ​ Our Pay-TV segment currently utilizes nine satellites in geosynchronous  orbit approximately 22,300 miles above the equator, seven of which we own and depreciate over their estimated useful life. We also lease two satellites from third parties: Anik F3 and Nimiq 5, which are accounted for as operating leases. Through the third quarter of 2024, our Nimiq 5 satellite was accounted for as finance lease within our Pay-TV segment. However, during October 2024 , we extended the Nimiq 5 lease and as a result it is currently accounted for as an operating lease. ​ As of December 31, 2024, our Pay-TV segment satellite fleet consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Degree ​ Lease ​ ​ Launch ​ Orbital ​ Termination Satellites Date Location Date Owned: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ EchoStar X ​ February 2006 ​ 110 ​ N/A EchoStar XI ​ July 2008 ​ 110 ​ N/A EchoStar XIV ​ March 2010 ​ 119 ​ N/A EchoStar XV ​ July 2010 ​ 61.5 ​ N/A EchoStar XVI ​ November 2012 ​ 61.5 ​ N/A EchoStar XVIII ​ June 2016 ​ 61.5 ​ N/A EchoStar XXIII ​ March 2017 ​ 110 ​ N/A ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Under Construction: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ EchoStar XXV ​ 2026 ​ 110 ​ N/A ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Leased from Other Third-Party: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Anik F3 ​ April 2007 ​ 118.7 ​ April 2025 Nimiq 5 ​ September 2009 ​ 72.7 ​ October 2029 ​ Satellite Under Construction ​ EchoStar XXV . On March 20, 2023, we entered into a contract with Maxar Space LLC for the construction of EchoStar XXV, a DBS satellite that is capable of providing service to the continental United States (“CONUS”) and is intended to be used at the 110 degree orbital location. During the fourth quarter of 2023, we entered into an agreement with Space Exploration Technologies Corp (“SpaceX”) for launch services for this satellite, which is expected to be launched during 2026. ​ ​ F- 38 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Satellites - Broadband and Satellite Services Segment ​ Our Broadband and Satellite Services segment currently utilizes nine satellites in geosynchronous  orbit approximately 22,300 miles above the equator, six of which we own and depreciate over their estimated useful life. We also lease three satellites from third parties, which are accounted for as finance leases and are depreciated over their economic life. ​ As of December 31, 2024, our Broadband and Satellite Services segment satellite fleet consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Degree ​ Lease ​ ​ Launch ​ Orbital ​ Termination Satellites Date Location Date Owned: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ EchoStar IX ​ August 2003 ​ 121 ​ N/A EchoStar XVII ​ July 2012 ​ 107 ​ N/A EchoStar XIX ​ December 2016 ​ 97.1 ​ N/A EchoStar XXI ​ June 2017 ​ 10.25 ​ N/A Al Yah 3 ​ January 2018 ​ 20 ​ N/A EchoStar XXIV ​ July 2023 ​ 95.2 ​ N/A ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Leased from Other Third-Party: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Eutelsat 65 West A ​ March 2016 ​ 65 ​ July 2031 Telesat T19V ​ July 2018 ​ 63 ​ August 2033 EchoStar 105/SES-11 ​ October 2017 ​ 105 ​ November 2029 ​ In addition to the satellites listed above, during 2025 we have launched and will launch certain satellites in connection with additional business opportunities. ​ Satellite Anomalies and Impairments ​ Operation of our DISH TV services requires that we have adequate satellite transmission capacity for the programming that we offer. While we generally have had in-orbit satellite capacity sufficient to transmit our existing channels and some backup capacity to recover the transmission of certain critical programming, our backup capacity is limited. ​ In the event of a failure or loss of any of our owned or leased satellites, we may need to acquire or lease additional satellite capacity or relocate one of our other owned or leased satellites and use it as a replacement for the failed or lost satellite. Such a failure could result in a prolonged loss of critical programming or a significant delay in our plans to expand programming as necessary to remain competitive and thus may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. ​ In the past, certain of our owned and leased satellites have experienced anomalies, some of which have had a significant adverse impact on their remaining useful life and/or commercial operation. There can be no assurance that future anomalies will not impact the remaining useful life and/or commercial operation of any of the owned and leased satellites in our fleet. See Note 2 for further information on evaluation of impairment. There can be no assurance that we can recover critical transmission capacity in the event one or more of our owned or leased in-orbit satellites were to fail. We are not aware of any anomalies with respect to our owned or leased satellites that have had any such significant adverse effect during the year ended December 31, 2024. ​ ​ F- 39 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued We generally do not carry commercial in-orbit insurance on any of the satellites that we own and therefore, we will bear the risk associated with any uninsured in-orbit satellite failures. Pursuant to the terms of our joint venture agreement with Al Yah Satellite Communications Company PrJSC (“Yahsat”) in Brazil in 2019, we are required to maintain insurance for the Al Yah 3 Brazilian payload during the commercial in-orbit service of such payload, subject to certain limitations on coverage. The insurance policies were procured by Yahsat, under which we and Yahsat are the beneficiaries of any claims in proportion to their shareholdings. An insurance claim was submitted in the second quarter of 2023 for compensation with respect to the reduction in estimated useful life of the Al Yah 3 satellite. As of December 31, 2024, we have yet to receive any compensation from the insurance claim. We will continue to assess circumstances going forward and make insurance-related decisions on a case-by-case basis. ​ Intangible Assets ​ As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our identifiable intangibles, including intangibles subject to amortization and non-amortizing intangibles, consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ ​ 2024 ​ 2023 ​ ​ Intangible ​ Accumulated ​ Intangible ​ Accumulated ​ Assets Amortization Assets Amortization ​ ​ (In thousands) Technology-based $ 115,173 ​ $ ( 112,557 ) ​ $ 115,166 ​ $ ( 111,989 ) Trademarks ​ ​ 164,834 ​ ​ ( 101,522 ) ​ ​ 164,834 ​ ​ ( 90,326 ) Contract-based ​ ​ 41,500 ​ ​ ( 41,500 ) ​ ​ 41,500 ​ ​ ( 41,500 ) Customer relationships ​ ​ 902,753 ​ ​ ( 893,742 ) ​ ​ 902,858 ​ ​ ( 807,651 ) Total ​ $ 1,224,260 ​ $ ( 1,149,321 ) ​ $ 1,224,358 ​ $ ( 1,051,466 ) ​ These identifiable intangibles are included in “Intangible assets, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization of these intangible assets is recorded on a straight-line basis over an average finite useful life primarily ranging from approximately two to 20 years . Amortization was $ 98 million, $ 183 million and $ 156 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. ​ Estimated future amortization of our identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2024, excluding non-amortizing intangibles, is as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ending December 31, ​ Total ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ 2025 $ 15,791 ​ 2026 ​ ​ 14,094 ​ 2027 ​ ​ 12,851 ​ 2028 ​ ​ 12,357 ​ 2029 ​ ​ 11,767 ​ Thereafter ​ ​ 7,850 ​ Total ​ $ 74,710 ​ ​ Goodwill ​ Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date and is not subject to amortization but is subject to impairment testing annually or whenever indicators of impairment arise. ​ During the year ended December 31, 2023 we recorded a noncash impairment charge for goodwill of $ 758 million in “Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). See Note 2 for further information. The non-recurring measurement of fair value of goodwill is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we have zero goodwill recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. ​ F- 40 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued Regulatory Authorizations – Pay-TV and Wireless Segments As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our Regulatory Authorizations with indefinite lives consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ ​ ​ Segment 2024 2023 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ DBS Licenses ​ Pay-TV ​ $ 677,409 ​ $ 677,409 ​ 700 MHz Licenses ​ Wireless ​ ​ 701,803 ​ ​ 711,871 ​ AWS-4 Licenses ​ Wireless ​ ​ 1,928,688 ​ ​ 1,940,000 ​ H Block Licenses ​ Wireless ​ ​ 1,671,506 ​ ​ 1,671,506 ​ 600 MHz Licenses ​ Wireless ​ ​ 6,192,575 ​ ​ 6,213,335 ​ MVDDS Licenses ​ Wireless ​ ​ 24,000 ​ ​ 24,000 ​ 28 GHz Licenses ​ Wireless ​ ​ 2,883 ​ ​ 2,883 ​ 24 GHz Licenses ​ Wireless ​ ​ 11,772 ​ ​ 11,772 ​ 37 GHz, 39 GHz & 47 GHz Licenses ​ Wireless ​ ​ 202,392 ​ ​ 202,533 ​ 3550-3650 MHz Licenses ​ Wireless ​ ​ 912,200 ​ ​ 912,939 ​ 3.7-3.98 GHz Licenses ​ Wireless ​ ​ 2,969 ​ ​ 2,969 ​ 3.45-3.55 GHz Licenses ​ Wireless ​ ​ 7,329,093 ​ ​ 7,327,989 ​ 1695-1710 MHz, 1755-1780 MHz and 2155-2180 MHz ​ Wireless ​ ​ 972 ​ ​ 972 ​ AWS-3 (1) ​ Wireless ​ ​ 9,829,287 ​ ​ 5,618,930 ​ SNR (1) ​ Wireless ​ ​ — ​ ​ 4,271,459 ​ Subtotal ​ ​ ​ ​ 29,487,549 ​ ​ 29,590,567 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Capitalized Interest (1) ​ ​ ​ ​ 9,502,912 ​ ​ 8,523,682 ​ Total ​ ​ ​ $ 38,990,461 ​ $ 38,114,249 ​ (1) See Note 2 for further information. Regulatory Authorizations – Broadband and Satellite Services Segment As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our Regulatory Authorizations for our Broadband and Satellite Services segment with indefinite lives consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ ​ 2024 2023 ​ ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ 95 W ​ $ 200,000 ​ $ 200,000 ​ 107 W ​ ​ 200,000 ​ ​ 200,000 ​ Sirion-1 Filing ​ ​ 39,160 ​ ​ 39,160 ​ Total ​ $ 439,160 ​ $ 439,160 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our Regulatory Authorizations with finite lives consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ ​ 2024 ​ 2023 ​ ​ Finite Lived ​ Accumulated ​ Finite Lived ​ Accumulated ​ Assets Amortization Assets Amortization ​ ​ (In thousands) Total ​ $ 53,160 ​ $ ( 40,615 ) ​ $ 58,061 ​ $ ( 38,490 ) ​ F- 41 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued These identifiable intangibles are included in “Regulatory Authorizations, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization of these intangible assets is recorded on a straight-line basis over an average finite useful life of thirteen years . Amortization was $ 5 million, $ 5 million and $ 4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Foreign currency translation adjustments were losses of $ 2 million, gains of $ 1 million and losses of $ 2 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. ​ Estimated future amortization of our Regulatory Authorizations as of December 31, 2024 is as follows (in thousands): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ending December 31, ​ Total ​ ​ (In thousands) 2025 $ 3,817 2026 ​ ​ 3,767 2027 ​ ​ 1,707 2028 ​ ​ 482 2029 ​ ​ 482 Thereafter ​ ​ 2,290 Total ​ $ 12,545 ​ ​ 9. Leases ​ Lessee Accounting ​ We enter into non-cancelable operating and finance leases for, among other things, communication towers, satellites, satellite-related ground infrastructure, data centers, office space , dark fiber and transport equipment, warehouses and distribution centers, vehicles and other equipment. Substantially all of our leases have remaining lease terms from one to 13 years , with a weighted average remaining lease term of 1.7 to 9.7 years, some of which include renewal options and some of which include options to terminate the leases within one year . For certain arrangements (generally communication towers), the lease term includes the non-cancelable period plus the renewal period that we are reasonably certain to exercise. ​ Our Eutelsat 65 West A , Telesat T19V and EchoStar 105/SES-11 satellites are accounted for as finance leases within our Broadband and Satellite Services segment . Through the third quarter of 2024, our Nimiq 5 satellite was accounted for as finance lease within our Pay-TV segment. However, during October 2024 , we extended the Nimiq 5 lease and as a result it is currently accounted for as an operating lease. Substantially all of our remaining leases are accounted for as operating leases, including our Anik F3 satellite lease. ​ F- 42 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ The components of lease expense were as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) Operating lease cost (1) ​ $ 639,707 ​ $ 538,805 ​ $ 355,871 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Short-term lease cost (2) ​ ​ 16,685 ​ ​ 4,765 ​ ​ 4,914 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Finance lease cost: (3) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amortization of right-of-use assets ​ ​ 71,474 ​ ​ 102,724 ​ ​ 57,942 Interest on lease liabilities ​ ​ 8,799 ​ ​ 14,090 ​ ​ 12,151 Total finance lease cost ​ ​ 80,273 ​ ​ 116,814 ​ ​ 70,093 Total lease costs ​ $ 736,665 ​ $ 660,384 ​ $ 430,878 (1) The increase in operating lease cost is primarily related to communication tower leases. (2) Leases that have terms of 12 months or less. (3) The increase in finance lease cost for the year ended December 31, 2023 is primarily related to equipment for our 5G Network Deployment. ​ Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ 2024 2023 ​ 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating cash flows from operating leases ​ $ 504,604 ​ $ 367,438 ​ $ 186,372 Operating cash flows from finance leases ​ $ 9,094 ​ $ 13,400 ​ $ 11,060 Financing cash flows from finance leases ​ $ 56,459 ​ $ 53,467 ​ $ 42,740 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating leases ​ $ 522,975 ​ $ 753,935 ​ $ 1,402,357 Finance leases ​ $ — ​ $ 53,771 ​ $ 66,312 ​ ​ F- 43 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ 2024 2023 ​ ​ (In thousands) Operating Leases: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating lease assets ​ $ 3,260,768 ​ $ 3,065,448 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other current liabilities ​ $ 528,542 ​ $ 317,395 Operating lease liabilities ​ ​ 3,211,407 ​ ​ 3,121,307 Total operating lease liabilities ​ $ 3,739,949 ​ $ 3,438,702 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Finance Leases: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Property and equipment, gross ​ $ 466,074 ​ $ 833,933 Accumulated depreciation ​ ​ ( 235,001 ) ​ ​ ( 520,344 ) Property and equipment, net ​ $ 231,073 ​ $ 313,589 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other current liabilities ​ $ 30,381 ​ $ 56,459 Other long-term liabilities ​ ​ 36,818 ​ ​ 67,199 Total finance lease liabilities ​ $ 67,199 ​ $ 123,658 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating leases ​ ​ 9.7 years ​ ​ 10.6 years Finance leases ​ ​ 1.7 years ​ ​ 2.2 years ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted Average Discount Rate: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating leases ​ ​ 10.2 % ​ ​ 9.5 % Finance leases ​ ​ 9.3 % ​ ​ 9.7 % ​ Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024 were as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Maturities of Lease Liabilities ​ ​ Operating ​ Finance ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ending December 31, Leases Leases Total ​ ​ (In thousands) 2025 ​ $ 569,819 ​ $ 35,392 ​ $ 605,211 2026 ​ ​ 600,545 ​ ​ 36,588 ​ ​ 637,133 2027 ​ ​ 601,316 ​ ​ 2,574 ​ ​ 603,890 2028 ​ ​ 556,826 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 556,826 2029 ​ ​ 542,595 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 542,595 Thereafter ​ ​ 3,011,068 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 3,011,068 Total lease payments ​ ​ 5,882,169 ​ ​ 74,554 ​ ​ 5,956,723 Less: Imputed interest ​ ​ ( 2,142,220 ) ​ ​ ( 7,355 ) ​ ​ ( 2,149,575 ) Total ​ ​ 3,739,949 ​ ​ 67,199 ​ ​ 3,807,148 Less: Current portion ​ ​ ( 528,542 ) ​ ​ ( 30,381 ) ​ ​ ( 558,923 ) Long-term portion of lease obligations ​ $ 3,211,407 ​ $ 36,818 ​ $ 3,248,225 ​ ​ F- 44 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued Lessor Accounting ​ We lease satellite capacity, communications equipment and real estate to certain of our customers. ​ The following table presents our lease revenue by type of lease: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) Lease revenue: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Sales-type lease revenue ​ $ 10,547 ​ $ 13,431 ​ $ 8,777 Operating lease revenue ​ ​ 14,358 ​ ​ 42,565 ​ ​ 44,350 Total lease revenue ​ $ 24,905 ​ $ 55,996 ​ $ 53,127 ​ Substantially all of our net investment in sales-type leases consisted of lease receivables totaling $ 26 million and $ 30 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. ​ The following table presents future operating lease payments to be received as of December 31, 2024: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ending December 31, Total ​ ​ (In thousands) 2025 ​ $ 9,322 2026 ​ ​ 5,285 2027 ​ ​ 4,093 2028 ​ ​ 1,379 2029 ​ ​ 1,008 Thereafter ​ ​ 16 Total lease payments to be received ​ $ 21,103 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ F- 45 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ 10. Debt, Finance Lease and Other Obligations Fair Value of our Debt The following table summarizes the carrying amount and fair value of our debt facilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ ​ ​ 2024 ​ 2023 ​ Issuer Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value ​ ​ ​ (In thousands) 2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024 (1) DISH ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ 951,168 ​ $ 944,034 5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2024 (2) DDBS ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 1,982,544 ​ ​ 1,872,275 0 % Convertible Notes due 2025 (3)(4) DISH ​ ​ 138,403 ​ ​ 124,916 ​ ​ 1,957,197 ​ ​ 1,228,141 Term Loan due 2025 (5) DBS SubscriberCo ​ ​ 500,000 ​ ​ 500,000 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — 7 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026 DDBS ​ ​ 2,000,000 ​ ​ 1,678,640 ​ ​ 2,000,000 ​ ​ 1,388,060 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 HSSC ​ ​ 750,000 ​ ​ 686,475 ​ ​ 750,000 ​ ​ 665,678 6 5/8% Senior Notes due 2026 HSSC ​ ​ 750,000 ​ ​ 595,725 ​ ​ 750,000 ​ ​ 591,525 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 (4) DISH ​ ​ 45,209 ​ ​ 38,495 ​ ​ 2,908,801 ​ ​ 1,570,753 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 DDBS ​ ​ 2,750,000 ​ ​ 2,507,780 ​ ​ 2,750,000 ​ ​ 2,366,073 11 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 DISH ​ ​ 3,500,000 ​ ​ 3,708,460 ​ ​ 3,500,000 ​ ​ 3,668,980 7 3/8% Senior Notes due 2028 DDBS ​ ​ 1,000,000 ​ ​ 715,680 ​ ​ 1,000,000 ​ ​ 600,160 5 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 DDBS ​ ​ 2,500,000 ​ ​ 2,143,350 ​ ​ 2,500,000 ​ ​ 2,013,125 5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2029 DDBS ​ ​ 1,500,000 ​ ​ 959,610 ​ ​ 1,500,000 ​ ​ 774,600 Term Loan due 2029 (5)(6) DBS SubscriberCo ​ ​ 1,800,000 ​ ​ 1,800,000 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Shares due 2029 (5)(6)(7) DBS SubscriberCo ​ ​ 200,000 ​ ​ 200,000 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 SATS ​ ​ 5,356,000 ​ ​ 5,763,110 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — 3 7/8% Convertible Secured Notes due 2030 (4) SATS ​ ​ 1,906,229 ​ ​ 2,029,715 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — 6 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2030 (4) SATS ​ ​ 2,287,738 ​ ​ 2,070,952 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — Other notes payable ​ ​ ​ 108,072 ​ ​ 108,072 ​ ​ 160,158 ​ ​ 160,158 Subtotal ​ ​ ​ 27,091,651 ​ $ 25,630,980 ​ ​ 22,709,868 ​ $ 17,843,562 Unamortized deferred financing costs and other debt discounts, net ​ ​ ​ ( 555,533 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ( 69,606 ) ​ ​ ​ Finance lease obligations (8) ​ ​ ​ 67,199 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 123,658 ​ ​ ​ Total ​ ​ ​ 26,603,317 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 22,763,920 ​ ​ ​ Less: current portion (6) ​ ​ ​ ( 943,029 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ( 3,046,654 ) ​ ​ ​ Total debt, finance lease and other obligations, net of current portion ​ ​ $ 25,660,288 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 19,717,266 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1) We repurchased or redeemed the principal balance of our 2 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2024 as of March 15, 2024, the instrument’s maturity date. (2) We repurchased or redeemed the principal balance of our 5   7/8% Senior Notes due 2024 as of November 15, 2024, the instrument’s maturity date. (3) Our 0 % Convertible Notes due 2025 have been reclassified to “Current portion of debt, finance lease and other obligations” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 (4) See “EchoStar Exchange Offers” below for further information. (5) See “New DISH DBS Financing” below for further information. (6) A portion of the principal balance of these instruments is classified as “Current portion of debt, finance lease and other obligations” due to payment terms upon which we may pay a portion of principal balance based on estimated variable cash flows for certain Pay-TV business metrics which could change significantly based on actual performance. (7) Due to the June 30, 2029 mandatory redemption feature of this instrument, it is considered a debt instrument. (8) Disclosure regarding fair value of finance leases is not required. ​ We estimated the fair value of our publicly traded long-term debt using market prices in less active markets (Level 2). ​ F- 46 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ DISH DBS Exchange Offers ​ On September 30, 2024, we announced DISH DBS, our wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary, commenced offers to exchange (the “DISH DBS Exchange Offers”) any and all of its: (a) 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 (the “Outstanding 2026 DBS Secured Notes”) for an equal principal amount of its new 5 1/4% First Lien Notes due 2026 (the “New 2026 DBS First Lien Notes”), (b) 5 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (the “Outstanding 2028 DBS Secured Notes”) for an equal principal amount of its new 5 3/4% First Lien Notes due 2028 (the “New 2028 DBS First Lien Notes”), (c) 7 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Outstanding 2026 DBS Notes”) for an equal principal amount of its new 7 3/4% Second Lien Notes due 2026 (the “New 2026 DBS Second Lien Notes”), (d) 7 3/8% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Outstanding 2028 DBS Notes”) for an equal principal amount of its new 7 3/8% Second Lien Notes due 2028 (the “New 2028 DBS Second Lien Notes”) and (e) 5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “Outstanding 2029 DBS Notes” and, together with the Outstanding 2026 DBS Secured Notes, the Outstanding 2028 DBS Secured Notes, the Outstanding 2026 DBS Notes and the Outstanding 2028 DBS Notes, the “Outstanding DBS Notes”) for an equal principal amount of its new 5 1/8% Second Lien Notes due 2029 (the “New 2029 DBS Second Lien Notes” and, together with the New 2026 DBS First Lien Notes, the New 2028 DBS First Lien Notes, the New 2026 DBS Second Lien Notes and the New 2028 DBS Second Lien Notes, the “New DBS Notes”), in each case, pursuant to the terms described in a confidential exchange offering memorandum and consent solicitation statement, dated September 30, 2024 (“Original Exchange Offering Memorandum”). On October 28, 2024, we announced DISH DBS, our wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary, amended certain terms of the DISH DBS Exchange Offers pursuant to the terms described in Supplement No. 1, dated October 28, 2024 (the “Supplement” and together with the Original Exchange Offering Memorandum, the “Exchange Offering Memorandum”). On November 12, 2024 (the “Exchange Offer Settlement Date”), the DISH DBS Exchange Offers expired and were terminated. ​ EchoStar Exchange Offers ​ On October 10, 2024, we commenced offers to exchange (the “EchoStar Exchange Offers”) the DISH Network’s 0 % Convertible Notes due 2025 (the “DISH Network 2025 Notes”) and 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 (the “DISH Network 2026 Notes” and, together with the DISH Network 2025 Notes, the “Existing DISH Convertible Notes”), with an aggregate principal amount of $ 4.866 billion for up to $ 2.381 billion aggregate principal amount of 6 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2030 (the "EchoStar Exchange Notes") and up to $ 1.950 billion aggregate principal amount of 3 7/8% Convertible Secured Notes due 2030 (the "EchoStar Convertible Notes" and together with the EchoStar Exchange Notes, the "EchoStar Notes") with an aggregate principal amount of $ 4.331 billion to be issued by us pursuant to the terms described in a prospectus and consent solicitation statement, dated  October 10, 2024   as amended (the "Exchange Offer Prospectus"). ​ On November 8, 2024, upon the expiration of the EchoStar Exchange Offers, $ 1.819 billion aggregate principal amount, or approximately 92.9 % , of the DISH Network 2025 Notes and $ 2.863 billion aggregate principal amount, or approximately 98.5 % , of the DISH Network 2026 Notes, together $ 4.682 billion total aggregate principal amount of the Existing DISH Convertible Notes, had been validly tendered for exchange, with a carrying value of $ 4.674 billion, net of deferred financing costs. ​ On November 12, 2024, all of the Existing DISH Convertible Notes validly tendered were exchanged for $ 2.288 billion aggregate principal amount of EchoStar Exchange Notes and $ 1.876 billion aggregate principal amount of EchoStar Convertible Notes, together $ 4.164 billion total aggregate principal amount of the EchoStar Notes, with a fair value of $ 3.986 billion . ​ F- 47 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ We determined that the EchoStar Exchange Offers were debt extinguishments, which resulted in a non-cash gain on debt extinguishment of $ 689 million, which was recorded in “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the year ended December 31, 2024. As a result, we recorded the EchoStar Notes at their fair values, initially recognizing a net $ 178 million discount, which is reflected as a reduction to the aggregate principal amounts and will be amortized to “Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) over the term of the EchoStar Notes. ​ A total of $ 138 million aggregate principal amount of DISH Network 2025 Notes and $ 45 million aggregate principal amount of DISH Network 2026 Notes remain outstanding following the consummation of the EchoStar Exchange Offers. ​ New DISH DBS Financing ​ On September 29, 2024 (the “Financing Closing Date”), we and our subsidiary, DBS SubscriberCo, received $ 2.5 billion in financing from TPG Angelo Gordon and other co-lenders in the form of Term Loans and Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Shares (each as defined below and together, the “New DISH DBS Financing”). Approximately $ 2.047 billion in proceeds received from the New DISH DBS Financing were used for the redemption of the principal balance and remaining interest outstanding on our 5 7/8% Senior Notes due November 15, 2024. Solely in the case that the DIRECTV Transaction is not consummated on or prior to the Outside Date (as defined in the Purchase Agreement as in effect on the Financing Closing Date and as it may be extended in accordance with the terms of the Purchase Agreement as in effect on the Financing Closing Date) and until the date that is 180 days after such Outside Date, DBS SubscriberCo may prepay the outstanding New DISH DBS Financing in whole, together with accrued interest to the date of such prepayment, without premium or penalty. ​ Term Loans ​ On the Financing Closing Date, DBS SubscriberCo, Alter Domus (US) LLC, as Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto, entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (together with all the exhibits, annexes and schedules thereto, the “Loan and Security Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, the lenders agreed to extend credit to DBS SubscriberCo in an aggregate principal amount of up to $ 2.3 billion secured by the assets of DBS SubscriberCo, which includes approximately three million DISH TV subscribers and their related subscription and equipment agreements (such transactions, the “Loan Financing”). The Loan Financing consists of the following: (i) initial term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $ 1.8 billion that mature on June 30, 2029 (the “Term Loan due 2029”), (ii) incremental term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $ 500 million that are payable in equal monthly installments which began in January 2025 and mature on September 30, 2025 (the “Term Loan due 2025”) and (iii) an additional amount of incremental term loans (the “Roll-up Incremental Term Loans” and, together with the Term Loan due 2029 and the Term Loan due 2025, the “Term Loans”). The Roll-up Incremental Term Loans may be incurred from time to time, subject to DBS SubscriberCo’s prior approval and pro forma compliance with a leverage ratio set forth in the Loan and Security Agreement, and mature on June 30, 2029. ​ The Roll-up Incremental Term Loans may be incurred in exchange for Outstanding DBS Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to: (i) the price at which certain lenders acquire such notes plus (ii)(A) in the case of Outstanding 2028 DBS Notes and Outstanding 2029 DBS Notes, 15 % of the difference between the aggregate principal amount of such notes and the purchase price thereof, or (B) in the case of Outstanding 2026 DBS Notes, Outstanding 2026 DBS Secured Notes and Outstanding 2028 DBS Secured Notes, 20 % of the difference between the aggregate principal amount of such notes and the purchase price thereof. ​ Interest on the Term Loans accrues and is payable monthly, generally in cash. The interest rate with respect to the Term Loan due 2029 is: (i) from (and including) the Financing Closing Date and until (but excluding) the date that is twelve months thereafter, 10.75 % per annum; and (ii) from (and including) the date that is twelve months after the Financing Closing Date and until June 30, 2029, 11.25 % per annum. F- 48 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued The interest rate with respect to the Term Loan due 2025 is 11.00 % per annum. The interest rate with respect to the Roll-up Incremental Term Loans is: (i) from (and including) the Financing Closing Date and until (but excluding) the date that is twelve months thereafter, 11.00 % per annum; and (ii) from (and including) the date that is twelve months after the Financing Closing Date and until the Maturity Date, 11.50 % per annum. ​ The Loan and Security Agreement specifies a priority of payments for funds received by DBS SubscriberCo from subscriber payments and certain other revenue. Specifically, on each Transfer Date, as defined in the Loan and Security Agreement, payments will be made, as applicable, to the Administrative Agent for certain administrative and other fees, to DBS SubscriberCo for reimbursement of certain operating costs, to a subsidiary of DISH Network as Manager under the Loan and Security Agreement and as Servicer for DBS SubscriberCo, and to an account used to collect and remit interest on the Term Loans, preferred distributions with respect to Preferred Membership interests (as defined below) and monthly principal payments on the Term Loan due 2025. After remitting those payments, through September 30, 2025, if DBS SubscriberCo is in compliance with the terms of the Loan and Security Agreement, it will have the ability to accumulate any excess collections, subject to the terms of the Loan and Security Agreement. At its election, any such excess collections can be distributed by DBS SubscriberCo to its parent via an intercompany loan. No later than September 30, 2025, all excess collections will be used to fund the payment of the Term Loans, the Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Shares and the associated interest and preferred distributions. If DBS SubscriberCo is not in compliance with its covenants, the entity will lose the ability to accumulate any excess collections with those proceeds being utilized to satisfy the debt obligation and associated interest. ​ Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Shares Due 2029 ​ On the Financing Closing Date, DBS SubscriberCo, entered into an amended and restated limited liability company agreement (the “SubscriberCo LLCA”), pursuant to which, among other things, DBS SubscriberCo issued to certain investors (the “Preferred Members”) redeemable preferred equity interests (the “Preferred Membership Interests”) with an aggregate liquidation preference of $ 200 million (the “Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Shares”). The Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Shares mature on June 30, 2029. Due to the mandatory redemption feature of this instrument, it is considered a debt instrument and recorded in “Long-term debt, finance lease and other obligations, net of current portion” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. ​ The Preferred Membership Interests have a preferential cumulative return that accumulates daily in arrears at a rate of: (a) from (and including) the Financing Closing Date and until (but excluding) the date that is 12 months thereafter, 13.25 % per annum; and (b) from (and including) the date that is 12 months after the Financing Closing Date and until June 30, 2029 (or the first business day thereafter), 13.75 % per annum, payable in cash monthly and a liquidation preference equal to the issue price plus all accrued and unpaid dividends. ​ The Preferred Membership Interests are redeemable at DBS SubscriberCo’s option prior to the June 30, 2029 maturity date at a premium as described in the SubscriberCo LLCA. Upon the maturity date, DBS SubscriberCo is required to redeem all of the Preferred Membership Interests issued and outstanding at such time, and upon payment in full of the aggregate liquidation preference, all rights of the Preferred Members will terminate. The Preferred Members also have certain governance and economic rights set forth in the SubscriberCo LLCA. ​ Senior Notes and Convertible Notes ​ The below summaries are not complete and are qualified in entirety by reference to the full and complete text of the applicable indentures. ​ F- 49 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ EchoStar Senior Secured Notes and Convertible Secured Notes ​ The EchoStar Senior Secured Notes and Convertible Secured Notes are: ​ ● senior unsecured obligations of EchoStar and guaranteed by the Spectrum Assets Guarantors (as defined below) and the Equity Pledge Guarantors (as defined below) on a senior secured basis; ● secured equally and ratably with certain other secured indebtedness on a first-priority basis, subject to permitted liens, certain exceptions, and the first lien intercreditor agreement, by: (i) a lien on all licenses, authorizations and permits issued from time to time by the FCC for use of the AWS-3 Spectrum and for the use of the AWS-4 Spectrum (the “Spectrum Assets”) held by certain of our subsidiaries that hold any Spectrum Assets (each, a “Spectrum Assets Guarantor”); (ii) the proceeds of any Spectrum Assets sale; (iii) the Spectrum Assets can be substituted for other wireless licenses (valued by third-party) of similar value; and (iv) a lien on the equity interests held by an entity that directly owns any equity interests in any Spectrum Assets Guarantor (each, a “Equity Pledge Guarantor”); ● ranked equally in right of payment, without giving effect to collateral arrangements, with all of our and the Spectrum Assets Guarantors’ or Equity Pledge Guarantors’ existing and future senior indebtedness; ● ranked senior in right of payment to any of our and the Spectrum Assets Guarantors or Equity Pledge Guarantors’ subordinated existing and future indebtedness and effectively senior to any of the Spectrum Assets Guarantors or Equity Pledge Guarantors unsecured indebtedness and indebtedness secured by junior liens on the collateral to the extent of the value of the collateral and effectively junior to all the existing and future obligations of any of our subsidiaries that are not Spectrum Assets Guarantors or Equity Pledge Guarantors. ​ The indentures related to our EchoStar Senior Secured Notes and Convertible Secured Notes contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, impose limitations on the ability of EchoStar and the Spectrum Assets Guarantors and the Equity Pledge Guarantors to: ​ ● incur or guarantee additional debt; ● make certain investments and other restricted payments; ● create liens; ● enter into transactions with affiliates; ● merge or consolidate with another company; ● transfer or sell assets; ● allow to exist certain restrictions on paying dividends or other payments; and ● guarantor engagement in new activities. ​ Pursuant to the related indenture, we were required to appoint independent appraisers to determine the aggregate Appraised Value (as defined in the related indenture) of the Spectrum Assets within 60 days following the issue date of the EchoStar Senior Secured Notes and Convertible Secured Notes. Based on the independent appraisals and in accordance with the definition of “Appraised Value” in the related indenture, the Initial Appraisal (as defined in the related indenture) was determined to be $ 33.1 billion, with a LTV Ratio (as defined in the related indenture) of approximately 0.3 to 1.00 . We will also be required to obtain a forfeiture appraisal of the Spectrum Assets (the “ Spectrum Assets Forfeiture Appraisal”) within 60 days of the forfeiture date if wireless spectrum licenses that form part of the Spectrum Assets accounting for more than 10 % of the aggregate MHz-POPs of all such licenses constituting the Spectrum Assets are forfeited to the FCC as a result of our failure to meet its buildout milestones with respect to such forfeited licenses. ​ If the loan-to-value ratio with respect to the Spectrum Assets as of the date of the Spectrum Assets Forfeiture Appraisal is greater than 0.375 to 1.00, then within 60 days following the date of the delivery of the Spectrum Assets Forfeiture Appraisal, we will be required to add additional Spectrum Assets Guarantors and/or pledge (or cause to be pledged) cash or additional wireless spectrum licenses as Spectrum Assets to comply with the required loan-to-value ratio of 0.375 to 1.00. F- 50 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ EchoStar Senior Secured Notes Special Partial Mandatory Redemption. If we fail to deliver the Spectrum Assets Forfeiture Appraisal within 60 days following the date of forfeiture or we fail to add such additional Spectrum Assets Guarantors and/or pledge (or cause to be pledged) cash or additional wireless spectrum licenses as Spectrum Assets , we will be required to redeem the EchoStar Senior Secured Notes such that immediately after giving effect to such redemption, the loan-to-value ratio shall not be greater than 0.375 to 1.00 at a redemption price equal to 102 % of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. ​ 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 ​ On November 12, 2024, we issued $ 5.356 billion aggregate principal amount of our 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due November 30, 2029. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 10 3/4% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on May 30 and November 30 of each year, commencing on May 30, 2025. ​ The 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time prior to November 30, 2026 at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the principal amount plus the Applicable Premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. At any time on or after November 30, 2026, we may redeem the 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 at various redemption prices detailed in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. ​ In the event of a change of control, as defined in the related indenture, we would be required to make an offer to repurchase all or any part of a holder’s 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 at a purchase price equal to 101 % of the aggregate principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon, to the date of repurchase. ​ 3 7/8% Convertible Secured Notes due 2030 ​ On November 12, 2024, we issued $ 1.906 billion aggregate principal amount of our 3 7/8% Convertible Secured Notes due November 30, 2030. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 3 7/8% and is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 30 and November 30 of each year, commencing on May 30, 2025. Interest payments are, at our option, payable in cash or in kind for the first four interest payment periods; provided that no payment in kind interest may be paid for any interest period if the payment of interest on the Convertible Notes due 2030 or certain other indebtedness during such period is made in cash, and paid in cash thereafter. Interest payments from and including the fifth interest payment period (which will be payable on May 30, 2027) and thereafter must be paid in cash. ​ We may not redeem the Convertible Notes due 2030 prior to November 30, 2027. The Convertible Notes due 2030 are redeemable , in whole or in part, at any time on or after November 30, 2027 at the redemption prices and subject to the conversion rights and other conditions specified in the related indenture. ​ If a “fundamental change” (as defined in the related indenture) occurs prior to the maturity date of the Convertible Notes due 2030, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or part of their Convertible Notes  due 2030 at a specified make-whole price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of such Convertible Notes  due 2030, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the fundamental change repurchase date. ​ Subject to the terms of the related indenture, the Convertible Notes  due 2030 may be converted at an initial conversion rate of 29.73507 shares of our Class A common stock per $ 1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes  due 2030 (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $ 33.63 per share of our Class A common stock) (the “Initial Conversion Rate”), at any time on or after May 30, 2030 through the second scheduled trading day preceding the maturity date. Holders of the Convertible Notes  due 2030 will also have the right to convert the Convertible Notes  due 2030 at the Initial Conversion Rate prior to May 30, 2030 , but only upon the occurrence of specified events described in the related indenture. ​ F- 51 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued The conversion rate is subject to anti-dilution adjustments if certain events occur. Upon any conversion, we will settle our conversion obligation in cash, shares of our Class A common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at our election. ​ 6 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2030 ​ On November 12, 2024, we issued $ 2.288 billion aggregate principal amount of our 6 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due November 30, 2030. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 6 3/4% and is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 30 and November 30 of each year, commencing on May 30, 2025. Interest payments are, at our option, payable in cash or in kind for the first four interest payment periods. Interest payments from and including the fifth interest payment period (which will be payable on May 30, 2027) and thereafter must be paid in cash. ​ The  6 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2030 are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time prior to November 30, 2026 at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the principal amount plus the Applicable Premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. At any time on or after November 30, 2026, we may redeem the  6 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2030 at various redemption prices detailed in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. ​ In the event of a change of control, as defined in the related indenture, we would be required to make an offer to repurchase all or any part of a holder’s  6 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2030 at a purchase price equal to 101 % of the aggregate principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon, to the date of repurchase. ​ DISH DBS Unsecured Senior Notes ​ Our Senior Notes are: ​ ● general unsecured senior obligations of DISH DBS Corporation (“DISH DBS”); ● ranked equally in right of payment with all of DISH DBS’ and the guarantors’ existing and future unsecured senior debt; and ● ranked effectively junior to our and the guarantors’ current and future secured senior indebtedness up to the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness. ​ The indentures related to our Senior Notes contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, impose limitations on the ability of DISH DBS and its restricted subsidiaries to: ​ ● incur additional debt; ● pay dividends or make distributions on DISH DBS’ capital stock or repurchase DISH DBS’ capital stock; ● make certain investments; ● create liens or enter into sale and leaseback transactions; ● enter into transactions with affiliates; ● merge or consolidate with another company; and ● transfer or sell assets. ​ In the event of a change of control, as defined in the related indentures, we would be required to make an offer to repurchase all or any part of a holder’s Senior Notes at a purchase price equal to 101 % of the aggregate principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon, to the date of repurchase. ​ F- 52 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ 7 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026 ​ On June 13, 2016, we issued $ 2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of our ten-year 7 3/4% Senior Notes due July 1, 2026. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 7 3/4% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year. ​ The 7 3/4% Senior Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the principal amount plus a “make-whole” premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest. ​ 7 3/8% Senior Notes due 2028 ​ On July 1, 2020, we issued $ 1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of our 7 3/8% Senior Notes due July 1, 2028. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 7 3/8% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year. ​ The 7 3/8% Senior Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time on or after July 1, 2023 at the redemption prices specified under the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest. ​ 5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2029 ​ On May 24, 2021, we issued $ 1.5 billion aggregate principal amount of our 5 1/8% Senior Notes due June 1, 2029. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 5 1/8% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year. ​ The 5 1/8% Senior Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the principal amount plus a “make-whole” premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest. ​ HSSC Unsecured Senior Notes ​ 6 5/8% Unsecured Senior Notes due 2026 ​ On July 27, 2016, our subsidiary Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation (“HSSC”) issued $ 750 million aggregate principal amount of 6 5/8% Senior Unsecured Notes due August 1, 2026 (the “2026 Senior Unsecured Notes”). Interest on the 2026 Senior Unsecured Notes accrues at an annual rate of 6 5/8% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears, on February 1 and August 1 of each year. ​ Our Senior Notes due 2026 are: ​ ● unsecured senior obligations of HSSC; ● ranked equally with all existing and future unsubordinated indebtedness and effectively junior to any secured indebtedness up to the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; ● effectively junior to HSSC’s obligations that are secured to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such obligations; ● senior in right of payment to all existing and future obligations of HSSC that are expressly subordinated to the 2026 Senior Unsecured Notes; ● structurally junior to any existing and future obligations of any of HSSC’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2026 Senior Unsecured Notes; and ● unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a general senior secured basis by certain of HSSC’s subsidiaries, which guarantees rank equally with all of the guarantors’ existing and future unsubordinated indebtedness, and effectively junior to any secured indebtedness of the guarantors up to the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. ​ F- 53 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued Subject to certain exceptions, the Indentures contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, impose limitations on HSSC’s ability and, in certain instances, the ability of certain of HSSC’s subsidiaries to: ​ ● incur additional debt; ● pay dividends or make distributions on HSSC’s or their capital stock or repurchase HSSC’s or their capital stock; ● make certain investments; ● create liens or enter into sale and leaseback transactions; ● enter into transactions with affiliates; ● merge or consolidate with another company; ● transfer and sell assets; and ● allow to exist certain restrictions on its or their ability to pay dividends, make distributions, make other payments, or transfer assets. ​ In the event of a change of control, as defined in the respective indenture, we would be required to make an offer to repurchase all or any part of a holder’s 2026 Senior Unsecured Notes at a purchase price equal to 101 % of the aggregate principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon, to the date of repurchase. ​ Existing DISH Convertible Notes ​ 0 % Convertible Notes due 2025 ​ On December 21, 2020, we issued $ 2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes due December 15, 2025 in a private placement. These notes were part of the EchoStar Exchange Offers (as defined above) and have a remaining aggregate principal amount outstanding of $ 138 million. These notes will not bear interest, and the principal amount of the Notes will not accrete. ​ The Convertible Notes  due 2025 are: ​ ● our general unsecured obligations; ● ranked senior in right of payment to any future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes due 2025; ● ranked equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness; ● ranked effectively junior to any of our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; ● ranked structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries; and ● not guaranteed by our subsidiaries. ​ We may not redeem the Convertible Notes  due 2025 prior to the maturity date. If a “fundamental change” (as defined in the related indenture) occurs prior to the maturity date of the Convertible Notes due 2025, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or part of their Convertible Notes  due 2025 at a repurchase price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of such Convertible Notes  due 2025, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the fundamental change repurchase date. ​ The indenture related to the Convertible Notes  due 2025 does not contain any financial covenants and does not restrict us from paying dividends, issuing or repurchasing our other securities, issuing new debt (including secured debt) or repaying or repurchasing our debt. ​ F- 54 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Subject to the terms of the related indenture, the Convertible Notes  due 2025 may be converted at an initial conversion rate of 8.566 shares of our Class A common stock per $ 1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes  due 2025 (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $ 116.74 per share of our Class A common stock) (the “Initial Conversion Rate”), at any time on or after July 15, 2025 through the second scheduled trading day preceding the maturity date. Holders of the Convertible Notes  due 2025 will also have the right to convert the Convertible Notes  due 2025 at the Initial Conversion Rate prior to July 15, 2025, but only upon the occurrence of specified events described in the related indenture. The conversion rate is subject to anti-dilution adjustments if certain events occur. Upon any conversion, we will settle our conversion obligation in cash, shares of our Class A common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at our election. ​ 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 ​ On August 8, 2016, we issued $ 3.0 billion aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes due August 15, 2026 in a private offering. These notes were part of the EchoStar Exchange Offers (as defined above) and have a remaining aggregate principal amount outstanding of $ 45 million. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 3 3/8% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year. ​ The Convertible Notes  due 2026 are: ​ ● our general unsecured obligations; ● ranked senior in right of payment to any future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes due 2026; ● ranked equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness; ● ranked effectively junior to any of our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; ● ranked structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries; and ● not guaranteed by our subsidiaries. ​ We may not redeem the Convertible Notes  due 2026 prior to the maturity date. If a “fundamental change” (as defined in the related indenture) occurs prior to the maturity date of the Convertible Notes due 2026, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or part of their Convertible Notes  due 2026 at a specified make-whole price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of such Convertible Notes  due 2026, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the fundamental change repurchase date. ​ The indenture related to the Convertible Notes  due 2026 does not contain any financial covenants and does not restrict us from paying dividends, issuing or repurchasing our other securities, issuing new debt (including secured debt) or repaying or repurchasing our debt. ​ Subject to the terms of the related indenture, the Convertible Notes  due 2026 may be converted at an initial conversion rate of 5.383 shares of our Class A common stock per $ 1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes  due 2026 (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $ 185.76 per share of our Class A common stock) (the “Initial Conversion Rate”), at any time on or after March 15, 2026 through the second scheduled trading day preceding the maturity date. Holders of the Convertible Notes  due 2026 will also have the right to convert the Convertible Notes  due 2026 at the Initial Conversion Rate prior to March 15, 2026, but only upon the occurrence of specified events described in the related indenture. The conversion rate is subject to anti-dilution adjustments if certain events occur. Upon any conversion, we will settle our conversion obligation in cash, shares of our Class A common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our Class A common stock, at our election. ​ F- 55 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Convertible Note Hedge and Warrant Transactions ​ Merger with DISH Network . As defined and detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, in connection with the completion of the Merger, on December 31, 2023, we and DISH Network entered into a note hedge amendment letter agreement with each option counterparty pursuant to which , at the Effective Time, DISH Network’s right to purchase shares of DISH Class A Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the applicable convertible note hedge transactions was changed into a right to purchase shares of EchoStar Class A Common Stock. ​ In addition, in connection with the completion of the Merger, on December 31, 2023, we and DISH Network entered into a warrant amendment letter agreement and warrant guarantee with each option counterparty , pursuant to which, at the Effective Time, each counterparty ’s right to purchase shares of DISH Network Class A Common Stock pursuant to the applicable warrant transactions was changed into a right to purchase shares of EchoStar Class A Common Stock, and we guaranteed all of DISH Network’s obligations under the applicable warrant transactions. ​ In connection with the offering of the Convertible Notes  due 2026 , we entered into convertible note hedge transactions with certain option counterparties. The convertible note hedge transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the Convertible Notes  due 2026 , the number of shares of DISH Network Class A Common Stock underlying the Convertible Notes  due 2026 , which initially gives us the option to purchase approximately 46 million shares of DISH Network Class A Common Stock at a price of approximately $ 65.18 per share, which in connection with the completion of the Merger converted into approximately 16 million shares of EchoStar Class A Common Stock at a price of approximately $ 185.76 per share. The total cost of the original convertible note hedge transactions was $ 635 million. ​ Concurrently with entering into the convertible note hedge transactions, we also entered into warrant transactions with each option counterparty whereby we sold to such option counterparty warrants to purchase, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, up to the same number of shares of DISH Network Class A common stock, which initially gives the option counterparties the option to purchase approximately 46 million shares of DISH Network Class A common stock at a price of approximately $ 86.08 per share, which in connection with the completion of the Merger converted into approximately 16 million shares of EchoStar Class A Common Stock at price ranges of approximately $ 185.75 to $ 245.33 per share. ​ We received $ 376 million in cash proceeds from the original sale of these warrants. In accordance with accounting guidance on hedge and warrant transactions, the net cost incurred in connection with the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions are recorded as a reduction in “Additional paid-in capital” within “Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016. ​ We will not be required to make any cash payments to each option counterparty or its affiliates upon the exercise of the options that are a part of the convertible note hedge transactions, but will be entitled to receive from them a number of shares of Class A common stock, an amount of cash or a combination thereof. This consideration is generally based on the amount by which the market price per share of Class A common stock, as measured under the terms of the convertible note hedge transactions, is greater than the strike price of the convertible note hedge transactions during the relevant valuation period under the convertible note hedge transactions. Additionally, if the market price per share of Class A common stock, as measured under the terms of the warrant transactions, exceeds the strike price of the warrants during the measurement period at the maturity of the warrants, we will owe each option counterparty a number of shares of Class A common stock in an amount based on the excess of such market price per share of Class A common stock over the strike price of the warrants. However, as specified under the terms of the warrant transactions, we may elect to settle the warrants in cash. ​ F- 56 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ DISH DBS Senior Secured Notes ​ Our DISH DBS Senior Secured Notes are: ​ ● general senior secured obligations of DISH DBS Corporation (“DISH DBS”); ● secured by security interests in substantially all existing and future tangible and intangible assets of DISH DBS and its principal operating subsidiaries on a first priority basis, subject to certain exceptions; ● ranked equally in right of payment with all of DISH DBS’ and the guarantors’ existing and future senior debt; ● ranked senior in right of payment and effectively senior to any of DISH DBS’ and the guarantors’ junior lien or unsecured debt to the extent of the value of the pledged collateral that secures the Senior Secured Notes; and ● ranked effectively junior to DISH DBS’ and the guarantors’ obligations that are secured by assets that are not part of the pledged collateral that secures the Senior Secured Notes, to the extent of the value of such assets. ​ The indenture related to our DISH DBS Senior Secured Notes contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, impose limitations on the ability of DISH DBS and its restricted subsidiaries to: ​ ● incur additional debt; ● pay dividends or make distributions on DISH DBS’ capital stock or repurchase DISH DBS’ capital stock; ● make certain investments; ● create liens or enter into sale and leaseback transactions; ● enter into transactions with affiliates; ● merge or consolidate with another company; and ● transfer or sell assets. ​ In the event of a change of control, as defined in the related indentures, we would be required to make an offer to repurchase all or any part of a holder’s Senior Secured Notes at a purchase price equal to 101 % of the aggregate principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon, to the date of repurchase. ​ 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 ​ On November 26, 2021, we issued $ 2.750 billion aggregate principal amount of our 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due December 1, 2026. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 5 1/4% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year. ​ The 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time prior to June 1, 2026 (the “2026 Par Call Date”) at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the principal amount plus a “make-whole” premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest. At any time on or after the 2026 Par Call Date, we may redeem the 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a price equal to 100 % of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. Prior to December 1, 2024, we may also redeem up to 35 % of the 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 at a specified premium with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings or capital contributions. At any time and from time to time during the 36 - month period following the issue date of the 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 , we may redeem up to 10 % of the aggregate principal amount during each twelve-month period commencing with the issue date at a redemption price of 103 % of the aggregate principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. ​ F- 57 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ 5 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 ​ On November 26, 2021, we issued $ 2.5 billion aggregate principal amount of our 5 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due December 1, 2028. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 5 3/4% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year. ​ The 5 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time prior to December 1, 2027 (the “2028 Par Call Date”) at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the principal amount plus a “make-whole” premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest. At any time on or after the 2028 Par Call Date, we may redeem the 5 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2028, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a price equal to 100 % of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. Prior to December 1, 2024, we may also redeem up to 35 % of the 5 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 at a specified premium with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings or capital contributions. At any time and from time to time during the 36 - month period following the issue date of the 5 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 , we may redeem up to 10 % of the aggregate principal amount during each twelve-month period commencing with the issue date at a redemption price of 103 % of the aggregate principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. ​ DISH Network Senior Secured Notes ​ Our DISH Network Senior Secured Notes are: ​ ● senior unsecured obligations and guaranteed by certain restricted subsidiaries on a senior secured basis and certain other material subsidiaries; ● secured on a first priority basis by security interests, in favor of the secured parties, in the collateral, which consists primarily of interests in wireless spectrum licenses within the 600 MHz band (“the Spectrum Collateral”) owned by one of the secured guarantors and any additional subsidiaries of ours that may be added as guarantors from time to time and equity interests in the Spectrum Collateral guarantor(s) and DISH DBS; ● ranked equally in right of payment with all of our and the guarantor’s existing and future senior indebtedness; ● ranked senior in right of payment to any of our and the guarantors’ subordinated indebtedness and effectively senior to any of the Secured Guarantors unsecured indebtedness and indebtedness secured by junior liens on the collateral to the extent of the value of the collateral and effectively junior to all the existing and future obligations of any of our subsidiaries that are not Guarantors. ● ranked effectively junior to our obligations and the obligations of the guarantors that are secured by assets that do not constitute collateral to the extent of the value of such assets; ​ The indenture related to our DISH Network Senior Secured Notes contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, impose limitations on our ability and certain of our subsidiaries to: ​ ● incur additional debt; ● pay dividends or make distributions on our capital stock or repurchase our capital stock; ● make certain investments of Spectrum Collateral; ● create liens or enter into sale and leaseback transactions; ● enter into transactions with affiliates; ● merge or consolidate with another company; and ● transfer or sell assets. ​ F- 58 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ In the event of a change of control, as defined in the related indentures, we would be required to make an offer to repurchase all or any part of a holder’s DISH Senior Secured Notes at a purchase price equal to 101 % of the aggregate principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon, to the date of repurchase. ​ 11 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 ​ On November 15, 2022 and January 26, 2023, we issued $ 2.0 billion and $ 1.5 billion, respectively, aggregate principal amount of our 11 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due November 15, 2027. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 11 3/4% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year. ​ The 11 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time prior to May 15, 2025 at a redemption price equal to 100 % of their principal amount plus a “make-whole” premium, as defined in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest. At any time on or after May 15, 2025, we may redeem the 11 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2027, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at the redemption prices specified in the related indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. ​ Prior to May 15, 2025, we may also redeem up to 40 % of the 11 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 at a redemption price equal to 111.750 % of the aggregate principal amount of the 11 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 redeemed, together with accrued and unpaid interest to such redemption date, with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings or capital contributions. ​ Pursuant to the related indenture, we were required to obtain an initial appraisal of the Spectrum Collateral by an independent appraiser (the “Initial Appraisal”) within 120 days following the issue date of the 11 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2027. As of January 17, 2023, the Initial Appraisal certified we had satisfied the requirements under the loan-to-value ratio (as defined in the Indenture). Based on the independent appraisal, the loan-to-value ratio was not greater than 0.35 to 1.00 and the fair market value of the Spectrum Collateral was $ 10.04 billion. We will also be required to obtain a second appraisal of the Spectrum Collateral (a “Second Appraisal”) within 120 days of the date if wireless spectrum licenses that form part of the Spectrum Collateral accounting for more than 10% of the aggregate MHz-POPs of all such licenses constituting the Spectrum Collateral are forfeited to the FCC as a result of our failure to meet its buildout milestones with respect to such forfeited licenses. If we fail to deliver the Second Appraisal within 120 days following the date of forfeiture, then we will be required to redeem all of the 11 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 at a redemption price equal to 102 % of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. ​ If the loan-to-value ratio with respect to the Spectrum Collateral, as of the date of the Second Appraisal, is greater than 0.35 to 1.00, then within 90 days following the date of the delivery of the Second Appraisal we will be required to add additional Spectrum Collateral guarantors and/or pledge (or cause to be pledged) cash or interests in additional wireless spectrum licenses as Spectrum Collateral to comply with the required loan-to-value ratio of 0.35 to 1.00. If we fail to add such additional Spectrum Collateral and/or pledge (or cause to be pledged) cash or interests in additional wireless spectrum licenses, we will be required to redeem an amount of 11 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 such that immediately after giving effect to such redemption, the loan-to-value ratio shall not be greater than 0.35 to 1.00 at a redemption price equal to 102 % of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. ​ F- 59 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ HSSC Secured Senior Notes ​ 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 ​ On July 27, 2016, our subsidiary Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation (“HSSC”) issued $ 750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due August 1, 2026 (the “2026 Senior Secured Notes”). Interest on the 2026 Senior Secured Notes accrues at an annual rate of 5 1/4% and is payable semi-annually in cash, in arrears, on February 1 and August 1 of each year. ​ Our Senior Notes due 2026 are: ​ ● secured obligations of HSSC; ● secured by security interests in substantially all existing and future tangible and intangible assets of HSSC and certain of its subsidiaries on a first priority basis, subject to certain exceptions; ● effectively junior to HSSC’s obligations that are secured by assets that are not part of the collateral that secures the 2026 Senior Secured Notes to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such obligations; ● effectively senior to HSSC’s existing and future unsecured obligations to the extent of the value of the collateral securing the 2026 Senior Secured Notes, after giving effect to permitted liens as provided in the 2016 Secured Indenture; ● senior in right of payment to all existing and future obligations of HSSC that are expressly subordinated to the 2026 Senior Secured Notes; ● structurally junior to any existing and future obligations of any of HSSC’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2026 Senior Secured Notes; and ● unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a general senior secured basis by certain of our HSSC’s subsidiaries, which guarantees rank equally with all of the guarantors’ existing and future unsubordinated indebtedness and effectively senior to such guarantors’ existing and future obligations to the extent of the value of the assets securing the 2026 Senior Secured Notes. ​ Subject to certain exceptions, the Indentures contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, impose limitations on HSSC’s ability and, in certain instances, the ability of certain of HSSC’s subsidiaries to: ​ ● incur additional debt; ● pay dividends or make distributions on HSSC’s or their capital stock or repurchase HSSC’s or their capital stock; ● make certain investments; ● create liens or enter into sale and leaseback transactions; ● enter into transactions with affiliates; ● merge or consolidate with another company; ● transfer and sell assets; and ● allow to exist certain restrictions on its or their ability to pay dividends, make distributions, make other payments, or transfer assets. ​ In the event of a change of control, as defined in the respective indenture, we would be required to make an offer to repurchase all or any part of a holder’s 2026 Senior Secured Notes at a purchase price equal to 101 % of the aggregate principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon, to the date of repurchase. ​ F- 60 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Intercompany Loans ​ DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan ​ The net proceeds from the offering of our 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 and our 5 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (the “Senior Secured Notes”) issued on November 26, 2021 were used by DISH DBS to make an intercompany loan to DISH Network pursuant to a Loan and Security Agreement dated November 26, 2021 (together with potential future advances to DISH Network, the “DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan”) between DISH DBS and DISH Network in order to finance the purchase of wireless spectrum licenses and for general corporate purposes, including our 5G Network Deployment. The DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan matures in two tranches, with the first tranche maturing on December 1, 2026 (the “DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan 2026 Tranche”) and the second tranche maturing on December 1, 2028 (the “DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan 2028 Tranche”). DISH DBS may make additional advances to DISH Network under the DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan, and on February 11, 2022, DISH DBS advanced an additional $ 1.5 billion to DISH Network under the DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan 2026 Tranche. ​ Interest accrues and is payable semiannually, and interest payments with respect to the DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan were, at our option, payable in kind for the first two years from the issuance date of November 2021. In the third year post issuance date, a minimum of 50 % of each interest payment due with respect to each tranche of the DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan were required to be paid in cash. Currently, interest payments must be paid in cash. Interest accrues: (a) when paid in cash, at a fixed rate of 0.25 % per annum in excess of the interest rate applicable to, in the case of the DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan 2026 Tranche, the 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026, and in the case of the DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan 2028 Tranche, the 5 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (each, the “Cash Accrual Rate” with respect to the applicable tranche); and (b) when paid in kind, at a rate of 0.75 % per annum in excess of the Cash Accrual Rate for the applicable tranche. ​ As of December 31, 2024, the total DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan amount outstanding plus interest paid in kind was $ 7.612 billion. During the year ended December 31, 2024, interest payments for the Intercompany Loan paid in cash totaled $ 323 million. ​ DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan 2026 Tranche. In January 2024, we completed a series of assignments resulting in the transfer of the receivable in respect to the DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan 2026 Tranche of $ 4.7 billion from DISH DBS to EchoStar Intercompany Receivable Company L.L.C., our direct wholly-owned subsidiary, such that amounts owed in respect of the DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan 2026 Tranche will now be paid by DISH Network to EchoStar Intercompany Receivable Company L.L.C. As of December 31, 2024, the total DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan 2026 Tranche amount outstanding plus interest paid in kind was $ 4.767 billion. During the year ended December 31, 2024, interest payments for the DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan 2026 Tranche paid in cash totaled $ 196 million. ​ The DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan is secured by Weminuche’s (DISH Network’s indirect wholly-owned subsidiary) interest in the wireless spectrum licenses for the 3.45-3.55 GHz Licenses up to the total loan amount outstanding including interest paid in kind. Pursuant to the terms of the 2021 Intercompany Loan, under certain circumstances, DISH Network wireless spectrum licenses (valued based upon a third-party valuation) may be substituted for the collateral. The DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan is not included as collateral for the Senior Secured Notes, and the Senior Secured Notes are subordinated to DISH DBS’s existing and certain future unsecured notes with respect to certain realizations under the DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan and any collateral pledged as security for the DISH 2021 Intercompany Loan. ​ F- 61 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ DISH Q2 2024 Intercompany Loan ​ In June 2024, DISH Network entered into an intercompany loan with DISH DBS (the “DISH Q2 2024 Intercompany Loan”) for an initial principal amount of $ 1.508 billion. The DISH Q2 2024 Intercompany Loan matures on August 13, 2028. Interest accrues and is payable monthly and interest payments are payable in kind. The interest rate with respect to the DISH Q2 2024 Intercompany Loan is at a variable rate, subject to adjustments based on, among other things, the weighted average cost of borrowing for DISH DBS. As of December 31, 2024, the total DISH Q2 2024 Intercompany Loan amount outstanding plus interest paid in kind was $ 1.577 billion. ​ DISH Q3 2024 Intercompany Loan ​ In September 2024, DISH Network entered into an intercompany loan with DISH DBS (the “DISH Q3 2024 Intercompany Loan”) for an initial principal amount of $ 481 million. The DISH Q3 2024 Intercompany Loan matures on November 13, 2028. Interest accrues and is payable monthly and interest payments are payable in kind. The interest rate with respect to the DISH Q3 2024 Intercompany Loan is at a variable rate, subject to adjustments based on, among other things, the weighted average cost of borrowing for DISH DBS. As of December 31, 2024, the total DISH Q3 2024 Intercompany Loan amount outstanding plus interest paid in kind was $ 493 million. ​ EchoStar 2024 Intercompany Loan ​ In November 2024, EchoStar Financing L.L.C., our subsidiary, entered into an intercompany loan with DISH Wireless L.L.C., a subsidiary of DISH Network, (the “EchoStar 2024 Intercompany Loan”) for a borrowing principal amount of up to $ 4.500 billion. The EchoStar 2024 Intercompany Loan matures on November 30, 2030. Interest accrues at an annual rate of 11.50 % and is payable monthly. Interest payments are payable in kind. DISH Wireless L.L.C., at its option, may elect to repay the EchoStar 2024 Intercompany Loan amount outstanding prior to maturity in cash or assets at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount. As of December 31, 2024, the total EchoStar 2024 Intercompany Loan amount outstanding plus interest paid in kind was $ 1.015 billion. ​ Interest on Long-Term Debt ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Annual ​ ​ ​ ​ Semi-Annual ​ Debt Service ​ ​ Issuer Payment Dates Requirements (1) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ 7 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026 DDBS ​ January 1 and July 1 ​ $ 155,000 ​ 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 HSSC ​ February 1 and August 1 ​ $ 39,375 ​ 6 5/8% Senior Notes due 2026 HSSC ​ February 1 and August 1 ​ $ 49,688 ​ 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 (2) DISH ​ February 15 and August 15 ​ $ 1,526 ​ 5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026 DDBS ​ June 1 and December 1 ​ $ 144,375 ​ 11 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 DISH ​ May 15 and November 15 ​ $ 411,250 ​ 7 3/8% Senior Notes due 2028 DDBS ​ January 1 and July 1 ​ $ 73,750 ​ 5 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 DDBS ​ June 1 and December 1 ​ $ 143,750 ​ 5 1/8% Senior Notes due 2029 DDBS ​ June 1 and December 1 ​ $ 76,875 ​ 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 SATS ​ May 30 and November 30 ​ $ 575,770 ​ 3 7/8% Convertible Secured Notes due 2030 (3) SATS ​ May 30 and November 30 ​ $ 73,866 ​ 6 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2030 (3) SATS ​ May 30 and November 30 ​ $ 154,422 ​ (1) Annual debt service requirements exclude the interest on the New DISH DBS Financing, discussed below. (2) As of December 31, 2024, a total of $ 45 million aggregate principal amount of 3 3/8% Convertible Notes due 2026 remain outstanding following the consummation of the EchoStar Exchange Offers. See above for further information. F- 62 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued (3) Includes interest payments that are, at our option, payable in cash or in kind. See above for further information. ​ Interest on the New DISH DBS Financing ​ The Term Loans and the Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Shares due 2029 have variable interest rates and payment terms upon which we may pay a portion of principal balance based on estimated variable cash flows for certain Pay-TV business metrics which could change significantly based on actual performance. The estimated annual interest requirement for the Term Loans and the Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Shares due 2029 for the year ended December 31, 2025 is approximately $ 245 million. ​ Our ability to meet our debt service requirements will depend on, among other factors, the successful execution of our business strategy, which is subject to uncertainties and contingencies beyond our control. ​ Other Debt, Finance Lease and Other Obligations ​ Other debt, finance lease and other obligations consisted of the following: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ ​ 2024 2023 ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ Satellites and other finance lease obligations $ 67,199 ​ $ 123,658 ​ Notes payable related to satellite vendor financing and other debt payable in installments through 2032 with interest rates ranging from approximately 4 % to 10 % ​ ​ 108,072 ​ ​ 160,158 ​ Total ​ ​ 175,271 ​ ​ 283,816 ​ Less: current portion ​ ​ ( 69,496 ) ​ ​ ( 112,942 ) ​ Other long-term debt, finance lease and other obligations, net of current portion ​ $ 105,775 ​ $ 170,874 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ F- 63 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued Finance Lease Obligations ​ Anik F3. Anik F3, an FSS satellite, was launched and commenced commercial operation in April 2007. This satellite was previously accounted for as a finance lease and depreciated over the term of the satellite service agreement. We leased 100 % of the Ku-band capacity on Anik F3 for an initial period of 15 years . During April 2022, we extended the Anik F3 lease and as a result it is currently accounted for as an operating lease. ​ Nimiq 5 . On May 19, 2019, we entered into a Master Transaction Agreement pursuant to which, on September 10, 2019, the satellite service agreement for Nimiq 5 was transferred to us. Nimiq 5 was launched in September 2009 and commenced commercial operation at the 72.7 degree west longitude orbital location during October 2009. This satellite was previously accounted for as a finance lease and depreciated over the term of the satellite service agreement. We leased 100 % of the capacity on Nimiq 5 for an initial period of 15 years . During October 2024 , we extended the Nimiq 5 lease and, as a result of the new terms, it is currently accounted for as an operating lease. ​ Dell Finance Lease. On July 17, 2020, we entered into a master agreement with Dell to lease certain components of our 5G Network Deployment infrastructure, includin g certain equipment. ​ The summary of future maturities of our outstanding debt as of December 31, 2024 is included in the commitments table in Note 15. ​ 11. Income Taxes and Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Tax es ​ Income Taxes ​ Our income tax policy is to record the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and amounts reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, as well as probable operating loss, tax credit and other carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are offset by valuation allowances when we believe it is more likely than not that net deferred tax assets will not be realized. We periodically evaluate our need for a valuation allowance. Determining necessary valuation allowances requires us to make assessments about historical financial information as well as the timing of future events, including the probability of expected future taxable income and available tax planning opportunities. ​ We file consolidated tax returns in the United States. The income taxes of domestic and foreign subsidiaries not included in the United States tax group are presented in our consolidated financial statements on a separate return basis for each tax paying entity. ​ F- 64 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ As of December 31, 2024, we had $ 543 million net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) for federal income tax purposes, $ 277 million of NOL carryforwards for state income tax purposes and $ 201 million of foreign NOL carryfowards which are partially offset by a valuation allowance. In addition, there are $ 389 million of tax benefits related to credit carryforwards which are partially offset by a valuation allowance. Portions of the state NOL and credit carryforwards expired in 2024. ​ The components of the (benefit from) provision for income taxes were as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) Current (benefit) provision: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Federal $ ( 20,241 ) ​ $ ( 7,484 ) ​ $ ( 1,283 ) State ​ ​ 23,007 ​ ​ 39,441 ​ ​ 70,707 Foreign ​ ​ 17,898 ​ ​ 8,405 ​ ​ ( 601 ) Total current (benefit) provision ​ ​ 20,664 ​ ​ 40,362 ​ ​ 68,823 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Deferred (benefit) provision: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Federal ​ ​ ( 35,837 ) ​ ​ ( 308,917 ) ​ ​ 638,077 State ​ ​ ( 60,930 ) ​ ​ ( 150,108 ) ​ ​ 93,755 Foreign ​ ​ ( 23,653 ) ​ ​ ( 45,006 ) ​ ​ ( 20,965 ) Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance ​ ​ 148,701 ​ ​ 166,809 ​ ​ 18,720 Total deferred (benefit) provision ​ ​ 28,281 ​ ​ ( 337,222 ) ​ ​ 729,587 Total (benefit) provision ​ $ 48,945 ​ $ ( 296,860 ) ​ $ 798,410 ​ Our $ 76 million loss of “Income (loss) before income taxes” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) included a loss of $ 103 million related to our foreign operations. ​ The following table shows the principal reasons for the difference between the effective income tax rate and the statutory federal tax rate: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ % of pre-tax income/(loss) ​ Statutory rate 21.0 ​ 21.0 ​ 21.0 ​ State income taxes, net of federal benefit ​ 62.9 ​ 3.6 ​ 3.3 ​ Rates different than statutory ​ ( 8.6 ) ​ 1.1 ​ ( 0.5 ) ​ Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance ​ ( 196.8 ) ​ ( 8.6 ) ​ 0.6 ​ Tax credits ​ 62.5 ​ 3.8 ​ ( 0.8 ) ​ Impairments ​ — ​ ( 6.0 ) ​ — ​ Other, net ​ ( 5.8 ) ​ 0.5 ​ 0.3 ​ Total (benefit) provision for income taxes ​ ( 64.8 ) ​ 15.4 ​ 23.9 ​ ​ ​ F- 65 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued Deferred taxes arise because of the differences in the book and tax bases of certain assets and liabilities. Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ ​ 2024 2023 ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ Deferred tax assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ NOL, interest, credit and other carryforwards $ 1,986,276 ​ $ 1,322,706 ​ Accrued and prepaid expenses ​ ​ 1,013,457 ​ ​ 966,445 ​ Stock-based compensation ​ ​ 31,061 ​ ​ 29,387 ​ Unrealized (gains) losses on available for sale and other investments (1) ​ ​ 58,587 ​ ​ 222,769 ​ Discount on convertible notes and convertible note hedge transaction, net ​ ​ 696 ​ ​ 46,636 ​ Deferred revenue ​ ​ 6,369 ​ ​ 10,748 ​ Other ​ ​ 3,602 ​ ​ 10,096 ​ Total deferred tax assets ​ ​ 3,100,048 ​ ​ 2,608,787 ​ Valuation allowance ​ ​ ( 564,306 ) ​ ​ ( 492,340 ) ​ Deferred tax asset after valuation allowance ​ ​ 2,535,742 ​ ​ 2,116,447 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Deferred tax liabilities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation ​ ​ ( 1,996,186 ) ​ ​ ( 1,961,227 ) ​ Regulatory authorizations and other intangible amortization ​ ​ ( 4,187,034 ) ​ ​ ( 3,960,608 ) ​ Bases differences in partnerships and cost method investments (2) ​ ​ ( 1,312,328 ) ​ ​ ( 1,179,418 ) ​ Other liabilities ​ ​ ( 21,752 ) ​ ​ ( 21,227 ) ​ Total deferred tax liabilities ​ ​ ( 7,517,300 ) ​ ​ ( 7,122,480 ) ​ Net deferred tax asset (liability) (3) ​ $ ( 4,981,558 ) ​ $ ( 5,006,033 ) ​ (1) Included in this line item are deferred taxes related to, among other things, changes in the probability weighted fair value of our option to purchase certain of T-Mobile’s 800 MHz spectrum licenses during the year ended December 31, 2023. See Note 6 for further information. (2) Included in this line item are deferred taxes related to, among other things, our noncontrolling investments in Northstar Spectrum and SNR HoldCo, including deferred taxes created by the tax amortization of the Northstar Licenses and SNR Licenses. See Note 2 for further information. (3) The presentation of net deferred tax liability  includes both deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets.  Certain foreign deferred tax assets are presented as part of “Other noncurrent assets, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and our deferred tax liabilities related to all other jurisdictions are reported separately as “Deferred tax liabilities, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. ​ As of December 31, 2024, we had undistributed earnings attributable to foreign subsidiaries for which no provision for U.S. income taxes or foreign withholding taxes has been made because it is expected that such earnings will be reinvested outside the U.S. indefinitely. It is not practicable to determine the amount of the unrecognized deferred tax liability at this time. ​ Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes ​ In addition to filing federal income tax returns, we and one or more of our subsidiaries file income tax returns in all states that impose an income tax. We are subject to United States federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for the years as early as tax year 2008. We are currently under a federal income tax examination for years 2008 through 2011, 2013 through 2016, and 2018 through 2019. We also file income tax returns in the United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil, India and a number of other foreign jurisdictions. We generally are open to income tax examination in these foreign jurisdictions for taxable years beginning in 2004. ​ F- 66 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits included in “Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets was as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Unrecognized tax benefit 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ Balance, beginning of period ​ $ 609,543 ​ $ 569,601 ​ $ 539,113 ​ Additions based on tax positions related to the current year ​ ​ 251,296 ​ ​ 9,210 ​ ​ 36,587 ​ Additions based on tax positions related to prior years ​ ​ 23,794 ​ ​ 41,522 ​ ​ 16,369 ​ Reductions based on tax positions related to prior years ​ ​ ( 24,996 ) ​ ​ ( 7,219 ) ​ ​ ( 21,541 ) ​ Reductions based on tax positions related to settlements with taxing authorities ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 3,219 ) ​ ​ — ​ Reductions based on tax positions related to the lapse of the statute of limitations ​ ​ ( 310 ) ​ ​ ( 352 ) ​ ​ ( 927 ) ​ Balance, end of period ​ $ 859,327 ​ $ 609,543 ​ $ 569,601 ​ ​ We have $ 812 million in unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, could favorably affect our effective tax rate. We do not expect any material portion of this amount to be paid or settled within the next 12 months. Accrued interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of “Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized” and “Other, net,” respectively, on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recorded $ 52 million, $ 39 million and $ 22 million in net interest and penalty expense to earnings, respectively. Accrued interest and penalties were $ 216 million and $ 165 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The above table excludes these amounts. ​ ​ 12. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) ​ Capital Stock ​ Our certificate of incorporation authorizes the following capital stock: (i)  1,600,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share; (ii)  800,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share; (iii)  800,000,000 shares of Class C common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share; (iv)  800,000,000 shares of Class D common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share; and (v)  20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $ 0.001 per share. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no outstanding shares of Class C common stock, Class D common stock or preferred stock . ​ Our Board of Directors is authorized to issue preferred stock and may divide such preferred stock into series and, with respect to each series, to determine the preferences and rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of the series, including, but not limited to, the dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, redemption rights and terms, liquidation preferences, sinking fund provisions, the number of shares constituting the series and the designation of such series. ​ Our Board of Directors may, without stockholder approval, issue additional preferred stock of existing or new series with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of common stock and could have certain anti-takeover effects. ​ Our Class A, Class B, and Class C common stock are equivalent except for voting rights. Holders of Class A and Class C common stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share. Each share of Class B and Class C common stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into one share of Class A common stock. Our Class A common stock is publicly traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “SATS.” Upon a change in control of EchoStar, each holder of outstanding shares of Class C common stock is entitled to 10 votes for each share of Class C common stock held. Charles W. Ergen, our Chairman, and certain entities established for the benefit of his family beneficially own all outstanding Class B common stock. ​ F- 67 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued Our principal stockholder and certain entities established by him for the benefit of his family beneficially own all outstanding Class B common stock. Together with all other stockholders, he also owns outstanding Class A common stock. There are no shares of Class C common stock outstanding. ​ Any holder of Class D common stock is not entitled to a vote on any matter or to convert the shares of Class D common stock into any other class of common stock. ​ Each share of common stock is entitled to receive its pro rata share, based upon the number of shares of common stock held, of dividends and distributions upon liquidation. ​ Common Stock Repurchase Program ​ Our Board of Directors previously authorized stock repurchases of up to $ 500 million of our outstanding Class A common stock. On October 20, 2022, our Board of Directors extended this authorization to repurchase up to $ 500 million of our outstanding Class A common stock through and including December 31, 2023. This program expired December 31, 2023. On October 25, 2024, our Board of Directors authorized stock repurchases of up to $ 1.0 billion of our outstanding Class A common stock through and including December 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2024 there were no repurchases of our Class A common stock. ​ ​ 13. Employee Benefit Plans ​ Employee Stock Purchase Plan ​ Our employees may participate in the EchoStar employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”), in which we are authorized to issue up to 8.0 million shares of Class A common stock. At December 31, 2024, we had 3.4 million shares of Class A common stock which remain available for issuance under the ESPP. Substantially all full-time employees who have been employed by us for at least one calendar quarter are eligible to participate in the ESPP. Employee stock purchases are made through payroll deductions. Under the terms of the ESPP, employees may not deduct an amount which would permit such employee to purchase our capital stock under all of our stock purchase plans at a rate which would exceed $ 25,000 in fair value of capital stock in any one year. The purchase price of the stock is 85 % of the closing price of the Class A common stock on the last business day of each calendar quarter in which such shares of Class A common stock are deemed sold to an employee under the ESPP and such shares must be held for a minimum of 180 days from the purchase date. ​ 401(k) Employee Savings Plans ​ We sponsor the DISH Network 401(k) Employee Savings Plan (the “DISH Network 401(k) Plan”) and the EchoStar 401(k) Employee Savings Plan (the “EchoStar 401(k) Plan”) (collectively referred to as the “401(k) Plans”) for eligible employees. Voluntary employee contributions to the 401(k) Plans may be matched 50 % by us and under the EchoStar 401(k) Plan, subject to a maximum annual contribution of $ 7,500 per employee participating in the EchoStar 401(k) Plan and $ 5,000 per employee participating in the DISH Network 401(k) Plan. Forfeitures of unvested participant balances which are retained by the 401(k) Plans may be used to fund matching and discretionary contributions. Our Board of Directors may also authorize an annual discretionary contribution to the 401(k) plans, subject to the maximum deductible limit provided by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. These contributions may be made in cash or in our stock. ​ The following table summarizes the expense associated with our matching contributions and discretionary contributions: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Expense Recognized Related to the 401(k) Plan 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ Matching contributions, net of forfeitures ​ $ 23,386 ​ $ 20,379 ​ $ 18,275 ​ Discretionary stock contributions, net of forfeitures ​ $ 11,491 ​ $ 5,491 ​ $ 21,606 ​ ​ F- 68 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ 14. Stock-Based Compensation ​ Stock Incentive Plans ​ We maintain stock incentive plans to attract and retain officers, directors and key employees. Stock awards under these plans include both performance/market and non-performance based stock incentives. As of December 31, 2024, we had outstanding under these plans stock options to acquire 13.6 million shares of our Class A common stock and 91 thousand restricted stock units and awards. Stock options granted on or prior to December 31, 2024 were granted with exercise prices equal to or greater than the market value of our Class A common stock at the date of grant and with a maximum term of approximately ten years . We account for forfeitures as they are incurred. While historically we have issued stock awards subject to vesting, typically at the rate of 20 % per year, certain stock awards have been granted with immediate vesting and certain other stock awards vest only upon the achievement of certain company-specific subscriber, operational and/or financial goals. In addition, the Ergen 2020 Performance Award is subject to the achievement of specified stock price targets. As of December 31, 2024, we had 21.7 million shares of our Class A common stock available for future grant under the stock incentive plans. ​ Exchange Offer. On March 4, 2024, we commenced a tender offer to eligible employees (which excludes our co-founders and the non-employee members of our Board of Directors) to exchange eligible stock options (which excludes the Ergen 2020 Performance Award) for new options as detailed in our Schedule TO filed March 4, 2024 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Exchange Offer”), to, among other things, further align employee incentives with the current market. The Exchange Offer expired on April 1, 2024 and we accepted for exchange approximately 7 million stock options. As a result of the Exchange Offer, during the second quarter of 2024, the exercise price of approximately 6 million new stock options, affecting approximately 1,000 eligible employees, was adjusted to $ 14.04 . ​ Stock Award Activity ​ Our stock option activity was as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Year Ended December 31, 2024 ​ Options Weighted- Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) ​ Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life Total options outstanding, beginning of period (1) ​ 16,087,146 ​ $ 55.48 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Granted (2) 7,055,206 ​ $ 14.43 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Exercised ​ ( 315,595 ) ​ $ 14.16 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Forfeited and cancelled (3) ​ ( 9,267,724 ) ​ $ 41.58 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total options outstanding, end of period ​ 13,559,033 ​ $ 44.58 ​ $ 59,949 ​ 7.32 Performance/market based options outstanding, end of period (4) ​ 4,300,088 ​ $ 84.39 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Exercisable, end of period ​ 3,606,304 ​ $ 43.15 ​ $ 13,075 ​ 6.18 (1) The beginning of period weighted-average exercise price for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $ 55.48 does not reflect the Exchange Offer, which occurred subsequent to December 31, 2023. (2) Includes approximately 6 million stock options granted in connection with the Exchange Offer. (3) Includes approximately 7 million stock options cancelled in connection with the Exchange Offer. (4) These stock options are included in the caption “Total options outstanding, end of period.” See discussion of the 2017 LTIP, 2019 LTIP, 2022 Incentive Plan and Ergen 2020 Performance Award below. ​ F- 69 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ We realized tax benefits from stock awards exercised as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ Tax benefit from stock awards exercised ​ $ 2,150 ​ $ 1,384 ​ $ 573 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Our restricted stock unit and award activity was as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Year Ended ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2024 ​ ​ Restricted Stock Units/Awards Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Total restricted stock units/awards outstanding, beginning of period 48,645 ​ $ 98.78 ​ Granted ​ 342,602 ​ $ 16.60 ​ Vested ​ ( 293,001 ) ​ $ 22.78 ​ Forfeited and cancelled ​ ( 7,018 ) ​ $ 101.09 ​ Total restricted stock units/awards outstanding, end of period ​ 91,228 ​ $ 34.08 ​ ​ The following table summarizes additional information about our stock options and restricted stock units and awards: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands, except per share amounts) ​ Stock options: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted ​ $ 14.43 ​ $ 22.28 ​ $ 53.20 ​ Intrinsic value of options exercised ​ $ 2,275 ​ $ — ​ $ 98 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Restricted stock units and awards: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Weighted-average grant date fair value of units and awards granted ​ $ 16.60 ​ $ 17.50 ​ $ 40.06 ​ Fair value of units and rewards vested ​ $ 6,469 ​ $ 9,926 ​ $ 2,212 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Long-Term Performance-Based Plans ​ 2017 LTIP. On December 2, 2016, we adopted a long-term, performance-based stock incentive plan (the “2017 LTIP”). The 2017 LTIP provided stock options, which were subject to vesting based on certain company-specific subscriber and financial performance conditions. Awards were initially granted under the 2017 LTIP as of January 1, 2017. Exercise of the stock awards was contingent on achieving these performance conditions by December 31, 2020, however, none of the performance conditions were achieved. This plan will expire on January 1, 2027 which as of December 31, 2024, would result in the cancellation of 429,037 stock options. ​ 2019 LTIP. On August 17, 2018, we adopted a long-term, performance-based stock incentive plan (the “2019 LTIP”). The 2019 LTIP provides stock options, which vest based on certain company-specific subscriber, operational and/or financial performance conditions. Vesting of the stock awards is contingent on achieving these conditions by December 31, 2023. ​ F- 70 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Although no awards vest until the Company attains the performance conditions described above, compensation related to the 2019 LTIP will be recorded based on management’s assessment of the probability of meeting the performance conditions. If the performance conditions are probable of being achieved, we will begin recognizing the associated non-cash, stock-based compensation expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) over the estimated period to achieve the performance condition. ​ During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we determined that 85 % and 89 % , respectively, of the 2019 LTIP performance conditions were probable of achievement. As a result, non-cash, stock-based compensation expense was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, as indicated in the table below titled “Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized.” As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, approximately 78 % and 75 % , respectively, of the 2019 LTIP awards had vested. ​ 2022 Incentive Plan. On December 30, 2021, we adopted a performance-based incentive plan (the “2022 Incentive Plan”). The 2022 Incentive Plan provides stock options, which vest based on certain company-specific operational and/or financial performance conditions. Awards were initially granted under the 2022 Incentive Plan as of February 1, 2022. Exercise of the stock awards is contingent on achieving these conditions by December 31, 2026. ​ Although no awards vest until the Company attains the performance conditions described above, compensation related to the 2022 Incentive Plan will be recorded based on management’s assessment of the probability of meeting the performance conditions. If the performance conditions are probable of being achieved, we will begin recognizing the associated non-cash, stock-based compensation expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) over the estimated period to achieve the performance condition. ​ During each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we determined that 100 % of the 2022 Incentive Plan performance conditions were probable of achievement. As a result, non-cash, stock-based compensation expense was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 as indicated in the table below titled “Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized.” As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, approximately 33 % , 17 % and 33 % , respectively, of the 2022 Incentive Plan awards had vested. ​ Ergen 2020 Performance Award. On November 4, 2020, our Executive Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved an award to Charles W. Ergen, our Chairman, of long-term performance-based options (the “Ergen 2020 Performance Award”) to purchase up to 4,385,962 shares of EchoStar’s Class A common stock. The award is subject to the achievement of specified EchoStar Class A common stock price targets during the approximate ten-year period following the date of grant. The award was granted on November 6, 2020 and will expire on February 6, 2031. ​ Although no awards will vest until the market conditions are satisfied, as of December 31, 2020, we began recording non-cash, stock-based compensation expense for each vesting tranche based on the estimated achievement date of the specified stock price target. The valuation and probability of achievement for each tranche is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation. The same Monte Carlo simulation is used as the basis for determining the expected achievement date. As the probability of achievement is factored in as part of the Monte Carlo simulation, the expense for these tranches will be recognized concurrently over each tranche’s estimated achievement date even if some or all of the options never vest. If the related milestone for a tranche is achieved earlier than is expected, all unamortized expense for such tranche will be recognized immediately. ​ F- 71 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued Non-cash, stock-based compensation expense was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, as indicated in the table below titled “Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized.” As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, approximately 20 % of the Ergen 2020 Performance Award awards had vested. ​ The non-cash, stock-based compensation expense associated with these awards was as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized (1) 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ 2022 Incentive Plan ​ $ 1,149 ​ $ 7,346 ​ $ 19,088 ​ 2019 LTIP ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 1,903 ) ​ ​ ( 97 ) ​ Ergen 2020 Performance Award ​ ​ 10,816 ​ ​ 12,308 ​ ​ 12,308 ​ Other employee performance awards ​ ​ — ​ ​ 462 ​ ​ 4,502 ​ Total non-cash, stock-based compensation expense recognized for performance based awards ​ $ 11,965 ​ $ 18,213 ​ $ 35,801 ​ (1) “Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized” includes actual forfeitures. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Estimated Remaining Non-Cash, Stock-Based Compensation Expense 2022 Incentive Plan Ergen 2020 Performance Award ​ ​ (In thousands) Expense estimated to be recognized during 2025 ​ $ 1,087 ​ $ 7,639 Estimated contingent expense subsequent to 2025 ​ ​ 161 ​ ​ 9,274 Total estimated remaining expense over the term of the plan ​ $ 1,248 ​ $ 16,913 ​ Given the competitive nature of our business, small variations in subscriber churn, gross new subscriber activation rates and certain other factors can significantly impact subscriber growth. Consequently, while it was determined that achievement of certain other company-specific subscriber, operational and/or financial performance conditions were not probable as of December 31, 2024, that assessment could change in the future. ​ Of the 13.6 million stock options and 91 thousand restricted stock units and awards outstanding under our stock incentive plans as of December 31, 2024, the following awards were outstanding pursuant to our performance based stock incentive plans: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, 2024 ​ Performance Based Stock Options Number of Awards Weighted- Average Grant Price 2022 Incentive Plan ​ 154,257 ​ $ 14.64 ​ 2019 LTIP ​ 208,024 ​ $ 60.37 ​ 2017 LTIP ​ 429,037 ​ $ 165.32 ​ Ergen 2020 Performance Award ​ 3,508,770 ​ $ 78.98 ​ Total ​ 4,300,088 ​ $ 84.39 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ F- 72 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Stock-Based Compensation ​ Total non-cash, stock-based compensation expense for all of our employees is shown in the following table for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 and was allocated to the same expense categories as the base compensation for such employees: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ Cost of services ​ $ 1,376 ​ $ 2,610 ​ $ 6,511 ​ Selling, general and administrative ​ ​ 35,007 ​ ​ 48,904 ​ ​ 76,483 ​ Total non-cash, stock-based compensation ​ $ 36,383 ​ $ 51,514 ​ $ 82,994 ​ ​ As of December 31, 2024, our total unrecognized compensation cost related to our non-performance based unvested stock awards was $ 51 million and will be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 3.2  years. Share-based compensation expense is recognized based on stock awards ultimately expected to vest. ​ Valuation ​ The fair value of each stock option granted (excluding the Ergen 2020 Performance Award) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was estimated at the date of the grant using a Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ Stock Options 2024 ​ 2023 ​ 2022 ​ Risk-free interest rate ​ ​ 3.58 %

​ 4.49 % ​ ​ 3.58 %

​ 4.61 % ​ ​ 1.35 %

​ 4.02 % ​ Volatility factor ​ ​ 37.10 %

​ 46.39 % ​ ​ 34.30 %

​ 41.25 % ​ ​ 32.67 %

​ 34.84 % ​ Expected term of options in years ​ ​ 3.3 ​

​ 6.7 ​ ​ ​ 4.1 ​

​ 6.6 ​ ​ ​ 4.1 ​

​ 6.0 ​ ​ Fair value of options granted ​ $ 5.15 ​

$ 12.40 ​ ​ $ 7.40 ​

$ 7.77 ​ ​ $ 5.97 ​

$ 9.27 ​ ​ ​ While we currently do not intend to declare dividends on our Class A common stock, we may elect to do so from time to time. Accordingly, the dividend yield percentage used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model was set at zero for all periods. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded stock options which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. Consequently, our estimate of fair value may differ from other valuation models. Further, the Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions. Changes in these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate. ​ We will continue to evaluate the assumptions used to derive the estimated fair value of our stock options as new events or changes in circumstances become known. ​ F- 73 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ 15. Commitments and Contingencies ​ Commitments ​ As of December 31, 2024, future maturities of our long-term debt, finance lease and contractual obligations are summarized as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Payments Due in the Years Ending December 31, ​ ​ ​ Total 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Thereafter ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ Long-term debt obligations ​ $ 27,091,651 ​ $ 917,557 ​ $ 7,195,431 ​ $ 4,350,278 ​ $ 3,552,655 ​ $ 6,861,869 ​ $ 4,213,861 ​ Interest expense on long-term debt (1) ​ ​ 8,136,650 ​ ​ 2,194,342 ​ ​ 2,077,099 ​ ​ 1,598,233 ​ ​ 1,135,306 ​ ​ 872,514 ​ ​ 259,156 ​ Finance lease obligations (2) ​ ​ 67,199 ​ ​ 30,381 ​ ​ 34,290 ​ ​ 2,528 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Interest expense on finance lease obligations (2) ​ ​ 7,355 ​ ​ 5,011 ​ ​ 2,298 ​ ​ 46 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Other long-term obligations (3) ​ ​ 9,745,695 ​ ​ 1,899,449 ​ ​ 1,490,330 ​ ​ 1,163,061 ​ ​ 1,027,757 ​ ​ 990,547 ​ ​ 3,174,551 ​ Operating lease obligations (2) ​ ​ 5,882,169 ​ ​ 569,819 ​ ​ 600,545 ​ ​ 601,316 ​ ​ 556,826 ​ ​ 542,595 ​ ​ 3,011,068 ​ Purchase obligations ​ ​ 2,204,298 ​ ​ 2,199,420 ​ ​ 4,820 ​ ​ 58 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ Total ​ $ 53,135,017 ​ $ 7,815,979 ​ $ 11,404,813 ​ $ 7,715,520 ​ $ 6,272,544 ​ $ 9,267,525 ​ $ 10,658,636 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1) Includes interest expense on our 3 7/8% Convertible Secured Notes due 2030 and our 6 3/4 % Senior Secured Notes due 2030 with interest payments that are, at our option, payable in cash or in kind. See Note 10 for further information. (2) See Note 9 for further information on leases. (3) Represents minimum contractual commitments related to communication tower obligations, certain 5G Network Deployment commitments, obligations under the NSA with AT&T and the MNSA with T-Mobile, certain wireless device purchases and marketing obligations, radios, software and integration services and satellite related and other obligations. ​ In certain circumstances the dates on which we are obligated to make these payments could be delayed. The table above does not include $ 859 million of liabilities associated with unrecognized tax benefits that were accrued, as discussed in Note 11 and are included on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024. We do not expect any portion of this amount to be paid or settled within the next 12 months. ​ 5G Network Deployment We have invested a total of over $ 30 billion in Wireless spectrum licenses. The $ 30 billion of investments related to Wireless spectrum licenses does not include $ 10 billion of capitalized interest related to the carrying value of such licenses. See Note 2 for further information. We continue to commercialize our Wireless spectrum licenses through the completion of our 5G Network Deployment. We have committed to the FCC to deploy our 5G Network capable of serving increasingly larger portions of the U.S. population at different deadlines. ​ F- 74 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ We may need to raise additional capital in the future, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all, to fund the efforts described below, as well as, among other things, make any potential Northstar Re-Auction Payment and SNR Re-Auction Payment for the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC. There can be no assurance that we will be able to complete all build-out requirements or profitably deploy our Wireless spectrum licenses, which may affect the carrying amount of these assets and our future financial condition or results of operations. ​ Wireless Spectrum Licenses ​ Liberty Puerto Rico Asset Sale. On November 5, 2023, our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement, License Purchase Agreement and other ancillary transaction agreements with Liberty Latin America (“Liberty”) and its affiliate providing for the sale of certain of our wireless assets in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands (the “Liberty Puerto Rico Asset Sale”). The consideration also includes a right for us to receive preferential international roaming rates within Liberty’s footprint at a reduced rate for a 10 year period. The Liberty Puerto Rico Asset Sale was approved by the FCC and DOJ and closed in the third quarter of 2024. We will receive payments totaling $ 251 million, including working capital adjustments, over a three year period, including a $ 95 million upfront payment, which we received in September 2024. We expect to receive the remaining amounts annually over the next three years . ​ The Liberty Puerto Rico Asset Sale contains a “clawback” provision under which we retained the ability to “clawback” certain wireless licenses through the end of 2029. Due to this “clawback” provision and the associated accounting requirements, we will not derecognize the impacted wireless licenses until the associated contingencies have been resolved. ​ As of December 31, 2024, the contingent liability associated with the “clawback” provision was $ 64 million and was recorded in “Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The difference between our net carrying value of the assets sold to their fair value resulted in a $ 50 million gain which was recorded in “Other, net” within “Other Income (Expense)” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the year ended December 31, 2024. ​ F- 75 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Our Wireless spectrum licenses are subject to certain build-out requirements, as well as certain renewal requirements that are summarized in the table below: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Build-Out Deadlines ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Final ​ ​ ​ ​ Carrying Amount Interim Accelerated License Areas Extension License Areas Expiration Date ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Owned: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ DBS Licenses (1) ​ $ 677,409 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 700 MHz Licenses (2) ​ ​ 701,803 ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2024 (3) ​ June 14, 2025 (5) ​ June 2033 ​ AWS-4 Licenses (2) ​ ​ 1,928,688 ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2024 (3) ​ June 14, 2025 (5) ​ June 2033 ​ H Block Licenses (2) ​ ​ 1,671,506 ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2024 (3) ​ June 14, 2025 (6) ​ June 2033 ​ 600 MHz Licenses ​ ​ 6,192,575 ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2024 (4) ​ June 14, 2025 (7) ​ June 2029 ​ MVDDS Licenses (1) ​ ​ 24,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ July, August, September 2034 ​ LMDS Licenses (1) ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ September 2028 ​ 28 GHz Licenses ​ ​ 2,883 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ October 2, 2029 (8) ​ October 2029 ​ 24 GHz Licenses ​ ​ 11,772 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ December 11, 2029 (8) ​ December 2029 ​ 37 GHz, 39 GHz and 47 GHz Licenses ​ ​ 202,392 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ June 4, 2030 (8) ​ June 2030 ​ 3550-3650 MHz Licenses ​ ​ 912,200 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ March 12, 2031 (8) ​ March 2031 ​ 3.7-3.98 GHz Licenses ​ ​ 2,969 ​ July 23, 2029 (8) ​ ​ ​ July 23, 2033 (8) ​ July 2036 ​ 3.45–3.55 GHz Licenses ​ ​ 7,329,093 ​ May 4, 2026 (9) ​ ​ ​ May 4, 2030 (9) ​ May 2037 ​ 1695-1710 MHz, 1755-1780 MHz and 2155-2180 MHz (2) ​ ​ 972 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ March 2026 ​ AWS-3 ​ ​ 9,829,287 ​ ​ ​ December 31, 2024 (10) ​ October 25, 2025 (11) ​ October 2025 (11) ​ Subtotal ​ ​ 29,487,549 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Capitalized Interest (12) ​ ​ 9,502,912 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Total as of December 31, 2024 ​ $ 38,990,461 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1) The build-out deadlines for these licenses have been met. (2) The interim build-out deadlines for these licenses are in the past. (3) In a January 10, 2025 filing to the FCC, we certified that we were offering 5G broadband service for certain of these license areas to at least 85 % of the population in each Economic Area (which is a service area established by the FCC), and offering 5G broadband service for certain other licenses to at least 80 % of the population in each Economic Area by this date (part of Commitments #2 and #3 of the September 2024 FCC Extension Request “Extension Request”). These licenses are set forth in Appendices A and D of the Extension Request. Under the Extension Request, if we successfully fulfill Commitments #2 and #3, the final construction deadline for the AWS-4 licenses, the AWS H Block licenses, and the Lower 700 MHz E Block licenses listed in Appendix G-1 of the Extension Request shall be extended from June 14, 2025 to December 14, 2026. (4) In a January 10, 2025 filing to the FCC, we certified that we were offering 5G broadband service for certain of these license areas to at least 85 % of the population in each Partial Economic Area (which is a service area established by the FCC), and offering 5G broadband service for certain other licenses to at least 80 % of the population in each Partial Economic Area by this date (part of Commitments #2 and #3 of the Extension Request). These licenses are set forth in Appendices B and E of the Extension Request. Under the Extension Request, if we successfully fulfill Commitments #2 and #3, the final construction deadline for the 600 MHz licenses listed in Appendix G-2 of the Extension Request shall be extended from June 14, 2025 to December 14, 2026. ​ F- 76 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ (5) For the 700 MHz and AWS-4 licenses set forth in Appendix G-1 of the Extension Request, we have certified to meeting the accelerated buildout obligations described in footnotes 3, 4 and 10 herein (thus fulfilling Commitments #2 and #3 of the Extension Request), and as a result the final deadline for us to offer 5G broadband service to at least 70 % of the population in each Economic Area (which is a service area established by the FCC) with respect to these licenses shall be extended to December 14, 2026. Under the Extension Request, the final construction deadline shall be further extended to June 14, 2028, if: by December 31, 2024, we have offered 5G broadband service to, at least, 80 percent of the U.S. population; and, by June 14, 2025 (a) we have offered a low-cost 5G broadband plan and device to consumers nationwide; (b) we have deployed at least 24,000 5G sites; (c) we have upgraded our deployed 5G sites to 3GPP Release 17; and (d) we have provisioned at least 75 % of new subscribers with an EchoStar-certified 5G device on our MNO network if the subscriber is within the accelerated markets as set forth in Appendices A-F of the Extension Request. In a January 10, 2025 filing to the FCC, we certified that, as of December 31, 2024: (i) we were offering 5G broadband service to, at least, 80 percent of the U.S. population and (ii) we were offering a low-cost 5G broadband plan and device to consumers nationwide. (6) For the H-Block licenses set forth in Appendix G-1 of the Extension Request, we have certified to meeting the accelerated buildout obligations described in footnotes 3, 4 and 10 herein (thus fulfilling Commitments #2 and #3 of the Extension Request), and as a result the final deadline for us to offer 5G broadband service to at least 75 % of the population in each Economic Area (which is a service area established by the FCC) with respect to these licenses shall be extended to December 14, 2026. Under the Extension Request, the final construction deadline shall be further extended to June 14, 2028, if: by December 31, 2024, we have offered 5G broadband service to, at least, 80 percent of the U.S. population; and, by June 14, 2025 (a) we have offered a low-cost 5G broadband plan and device to consumers nationwide; (b) we have deployed at least 24,000 5G sites; (c) we have upgraded our deployed 5G sites to 3GPP Release 17; and (d) we have provisioned at least 75 % of new subscribers with an EchoStar-certified 5G device on our MNO network if the subscriber is within the accelerated markets as set forth in Appendices A-F of the Extension Request. In a January 10, 2025 filing to the FCC, we certified that, as of December 31, 2024: (i) we were offering 5G broadband service to, at least, 80 percent of the U.S. population and (ii) we were offering a low-cost 5G broadband plan and device to consumers nationwide. (7) For the 600 MHz licenses set forth in Appendix G-2 of the Extension Request, we have certified to meeting the accelerated buildout obligations described in footnotes 3, 4 and 10 herein (thus fulfilling Commitments #2 and #3 of the Extension Request), and as a result the final deadline for us to offer 5G broadband service to at least 75 % of the population in each Partial Economic Area (which is a service area established by the FCC) with respect to these licenses shall be extended to December 14, 2026. Under the Extension Request, the final construction deadline shall be further extended to June 14, 2028, if: by December 31, 2024, we have offered 5G broadband service to, at least, 80 percent of the U.S. population; and, by June 14, 2025 (a) we have offered a low-cost 5G broadband plan and device to consumers nationwide; (b) we have deployed at least 24,000 5G sites; (c) we have upgraded our deployed 5G sites to 3GPP Release 17; and (d) we have provisioned at least 75 % of new subscribers with an EchoStar-certified 5G device on our MNO network if the subscriber is within the accelerated markets as set forth in Appendices A-F of the Extension Request. In a January 10, 2025 filing to the FCC, we certified that, as of December 31, 2024: (i) we were offering 5G broadband service to, at least, 80 percent of the U.S. population and (ii) we were offering a low-cost 5G broadband plan and device to consumers nationwide. (8) There are a variety of build-out options and associated build-out metrics associated with these licenses. (9) There are a variety of build-out options and associated build-out metrics associated with these licenses. If the interim build-out requirement is not met, the final build-out requirement may be accelerated by one year from May 2030 to May 2029. ​ F- 77 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued (10) In a January 10, 2025 filing to the FCC, we certified that we were offering reliable signal coverage for certain of these license areas and offering service for certain accelerated licenses to at least 85 % of the population of each license area and for certain other accelerated licenses to at least 80 % of the population of each license area by this date (part of Commitments #2 and #3 the Extension Request). These accelerated licenses are set forth in Appendices C and F of the Extension Request. Under the Extension Request, if we successfully fulfill Commitment #2 and Commitment #3, the final construction deadlines for the AWS-3 licenses listed in Appendix G-3 of the Extension Request shall be extended from June 14, 2025 to December 14, 2026. (11) For the AWS-3 licenses set forth in Appendix G-3 of the Extension Request, we have certified to meeting the accelerated buildout obligations described in footnotes 3, 4 and 10 herein (thus fulfilling Commitments #2 and #3 of the Extension Request), and as a result the final deadline for us to offer 5G broadband service to at least 75 % of the population in each license area with respect to these licenses shall be extended to December 14, 2026. Under the Extension Request, the final construction deadline shall be further extended to June 14, 2028, if: by December 31, 2024, we have offered 5G broadband service to, at least, 80 percent of the U.S. population; and, by June 14, 2025 (a) we have offered a low-cost 5G broadband plan and device to consumers nationwide; (b) we have deployed at least 24,000 5G sites; (c) we have upgraded our deployed 5G sites to 3GPP Release 17; and (d) we have provisioned at least 75 % of new subscribers with an EchoStar-certified 5G device on our MNO network if the subscriber is within the accelerated markets as set forth in Appendices A-F of the Extension Request. In a January 10, 2025 filing to the FCC, we certified that, as of December 31, 2024: (i) we were offering 5G broadband service to, at least, 80 percent of the U.S. population and (ii) we were offering a low-cost 5G broadband plan and device to consumers nationwide. (12) See Note 2 for further information. ​ Commercialization of Our Wireless Spectrum Licenses and Related Assets. On September 29, 2023, the FCC confirmed we met all of our June 14, 2023 band-specific 5G deployment commitments, and two of our three nationwide 5G commitments. The single remaining 5G commitment, that at least 70 % of the U.S. population has access to average download speeds equal to 35 Mbps, was achieved in March 2024 using the drive test methodology previously agreed upon by us and the FCC and overseen by an independent monitor . We currently have the largest commercial deployment of 5G VoNR in the world covering over 220 million Americans and 5G broadband service covering over 268 million Americans. We currently expect capital expenditures, excluding capitalized interest, for our 5G Network Deployment to be approximately $ 10 billion, including amounts incurred in 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024. See Note 2 for further information. ​ In September 2024, the FCC conditionally granted our requests to extend the 5G deployment deadlines for certain of our Wireless spectrum licenses based on several commitments and in a January 10, 2025 filing to the FCC , we certified to meeting the accelerated buildout (Commitments #2 and #3 of the Extension Request) and the nationwide 80 % coverage obligations (Commitment #1 of the Extension Request) due by December 31, 2024, as defined and detailed in the footnotes to the table above. Thus, pursuant to the Extension Request, the final deployment deadlines for the licenses subject to the Extension Request (listed in Appendix G) shall be extended to December 14, 2026. In addition, the final deployment deadlines for the licenses subject to the Extension Request (listed in Appendix G) shall be further extended to June 14, 2028 as long as we satisfy the remaining Extension Request commitments, as defined and detailed in the footnotes to the table above. ​ We may need to make significant additional investments or partner with others to, among other things, continue our 5G Network Deployment and further commercialize, build-out and integrate these licenses and related assets and any additional acquired licenses and related assets, as well as to comply with regulations applicable to such licenses. Depending on the nature and scope of such activities, any such investments or partnerships could vary significantly. In addition, as we continue our 5G Network Deployment, we have and may continue to incur significant additional expenses related to, among other things, research and development, wireless testing and ongoing upgrades to the wireless network infrastructure, software and third-party integration. As a result of these investments, among other factors, we may need to raise additional capital, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all. We may also determine that additional wireless spectrum licenses may be required for our 5G Network Deployment, which will enhance our ability to compete effectively with other wireless service providers. F- 78 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ AWS-3 Auction ​ Northstar Wireless is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Northstar Spectrum, which is an entity owned by us and, prior to October 12, 2023, by us and Northstar Manager. SNR Wireless is a wholly-owned subsidiary of SNR HoldCo, which is an entity owned by us and, prior to February 16, 2024, by us and SNR Management. See Note 2 for further information. Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless each filed applications with the FCC to participate in Auction 97 (the “AWS-3 Auction”) for the purpose of acquiring certain AWS-3 Licenses. Each of Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless applied to receive bidding credits of 25 % as designated entities under applicable FCC rules. ​ FCC Order and October 2015 Arrangements. On August 18, 2015, the FCC released a Memorandum Opinion and Order , FCC 15-104 (the “Order”) in which the FCC determined, among other things, that DISH Network has a controlling interest in, and is an affiliate of, Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless, and therefore DISH Network’s revenues should be attributed to them, which in turn makes Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless ineligible to receive the 25 % bidding credits (approximately $ 1.961 billion for Northstar Wireless and $ 1.370 billion for SNR Wireless). On November 23, 2020, the FCC released a Memorandum Opinion and Order on Remand, FCC 20-160, that found that Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless are not eligible for bidding credits based on the FCC’s determination that they remain under DISH Network’s de facto control. Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless appealed the FCC’s order to the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals. On June 21, 2022, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia issued an Opinion rejecting this challenge. On January 17, 2023, Northstar Wireless filed a petition for a writ of certiorari asking the United States Supreme Court to hear a further appeal, but that petition was denied on June 30, 2023. ​ Letters Exchanged between Northstar Wireless and the FCC Wireless Bureau. As outlined in letters exchanged between Northstar Wireless and the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau of the FCC (the “FCC Wireless Bureau”), Northstar Wireless paid the gross winning bid amounts for 261 AWS-3 Licenses and notified the FCC that it would not be paying the gross winning bid amounts for 84 AWS-3 Licenses. As a result of the nonpayment of those gross winning bid amounts, the FCC retained those licenses. ​ If the winning bids from re-auction or other award of the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC are greater than or equal to the winning bids of Northstar Wireless, no additional amounts will be owed to the FCC by Northstar Wireless. However, if those winning bids are less than the winning bids of Northstar Wireless, then we will be responsible for the difference less any overpayment of the Northstar interim payment, detailed below (which will be recalculated as 15 % of the winning bids from re-auction or other award) (the “Northstar Re-Auction Payment”). For example, if the winning bids in a re-auction are $1, the Northstar Re-Auction Payment would be approximately $ 1.892 billion, which is calculated as the difference between $ 2.226 billion (the Northstar winning bid amounts) and $1 (the winning bids from re-auction) less the resulting $ 334 million overpayment of the Northstar interim payment. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the timing or outcome of any re-auction or the amount of any Northstar Re-Auction Payment. ​ Letters Exchanged between SNR Wireless and the FCC Wireless Bureau. As outlined in letters exchanged between SNR Wireless and the FCC Wireless Bureau, SNR Wireless paid the gross winning bid amounts for 244 AWS-3 Licenses and notified the FCC that it would not be paying the gross winning bid amounts for 113 AWS-3 Licenses. As a result of the nonpayment of those gross winning bid amounts, the FCC retained those licenses. ​ F- 79 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ If the winning bids from re-auction or other award of the AWS-3 licenses retained by the FCC are greater than or equal to the winning bids of SNR Wireless, no additional amounts will be owed to the FCC by SNR Wireless. However, if those winning bids are less than the winning bids of SNR Wireless, then we will be responsible for the difference less any overpayment of the SNR interim payment, detailed below, (which will be recalculated as 15 % of the winning bids from re-auction or other award) (the “SNR Re-Auction Payment”). For example, if the winning bids in a re-auction are $1, the SNR Re-Auction Payment would be approximately $ 1.029 billion, which is calculated as the difference between $ 1.211 billion (the SNR winning bid amounts) and $1 (the winning bids from re-auction) less the resulting $ 182 million overpayment of the SNR interim payment. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the timing or outcome of any re-auction or the amount of any SNR Re-Auction Payment. ​ D.C. Circuit Court Opinion . On August 29, 2017, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (the “D.C. Circuit”) in  SNR Wireless LicenseCo, LLC, et al. v. Federal Communications Commission , 868 F.3d 1021 (D.C. Cir. 2017) (the “Appellate Decision”) affirmed the Order in part, and remanded the matter to the FCC to give Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless an opportunity to seek to negotiate a cure of the issues identified by the FCC in the Order (a “Cure”). On January 26, 2018, SNR Wireless and Northstar Wireless filed a petition for a writ of certiorari, asking the United States Supreme Court to hear an appeal from the Appellate Decision, which the United States Supreme Court denied on June 25, 2018. ​ Order on Remand. On January 24, 2018, the FCC released an Order on Remand, DA 18-70 (the “Order on Remand”) purporting to establish a procedure to afford Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless the opportunity to implement a Cure pursuant to the Appellate Decision. On June 8, 2018, Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless each filed amended agreements to demonstrate that, in light of such changes, each of Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless qualified for the very small business bidding credit that it sought in the AWS-3 Auction. Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless filed a Joint Application for Review of the Order on Remand requesting, among other things, an iterative negotiation process with the FCC regarding a Cure, which was denied on July 12, 2018. The pleading cycle established in the Order on Remand concluded in October 2018. On November 23, 2020, the FCC issued a Memorandum Opinion and Order that concluded, among other things, that DISH Network retained de facto control over Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless and denied the very small business bidding credit sought by Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless, even though the parties had eliminated or significantly modified every provision previously deemed to have been disqualifying by the FCC. Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless timely filed an appeal of the FCC’s 2020 decision. On June 21, 2022, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia issued an Opinion rejecting this challenge. On January 17, 2023, Northstar Wireless filed a petition for a writ of certiorari asking the United States Supreme Court to hear a further appeal, but that petition was denied on June 30, 2023. ​ For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. ​ F- 80 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Satellite Insurance ​ We generally do not carry commercial in-orbit insurance on any of the satellites we own. We generally do not use commercial insurance to mitigate the potential financial impact of in-orbit failures because we believe that the cost of insurance premiums is uneconomical relative to the risk of such failures. While we generally have had in-orbit satellite capacity sufficient to transmit our existing channels and some backup capacity to recover the transmission of certain critical programming, our backup capacity is limited. In the event of a failure or loss of any of our owned or leased satellites, we may need to acquire or lease additional satellite capacity or relocate one of our other owned or leased satellites and use it as a replacement for the failed or lost satellite. ​ Purchase Obligations ​ Our 2025 purchase obligations primarily consist of binding purchase orders for certain fixed contractual commitments to purchase programming content, 5G Network Deployment equipment, receiver systems and related equipment, broadband equipment, digital broadcast operations, transmission costs, streaming delivery technology and infrastructure, engineering services, software and other products and services. In addition, our 2025 purchase obligations also include wireless devices related to our Wireless segment. Our purchase obligations may fluctuate significantly from period to period due to, among other things, management’s timing of payments and inventory purchases, which can materially impact our future operating asset and liability balances and our future working capital requirements. ​ Programming Contracts ​ In the normal course of business, we enter into contracts to purchase programming content in which our payment obligations are generally contingent on the number of Pay-TV subscribers to whom we provide the respective content. These programming commitments are not included in the “Commitments” table above. The terms of our contracts typically range from one to ten years with annual rate increases. Our programming expenses will increase to the extent we are successful in growing our Pay-TV subscriber base. In addition, programming costs per subscriber continue to increase due to contractual price increases and the renewal of long-term programming contracts on less favorable pricing terms. ​ Patents and Intellectual Property ​ Many entities, including some of our competitors, have or may in the future obtain patents and other intellectual property rights that cover or affect products or services that we offer or that we may offer in the future. We may not be aware of all intellectual property rights that our products or services may potentially infringe. Damages in patent infringement cases can be substantial and in certain circumstances can be trebled. Further, we cannot estimate the extent to which we may be required in the future to obtain licenses with respect to patents held by others and the availability and cost of any such licenses. Various parties have asserted patent and other intellectual property rights with respect to components of our products and services. ​ We cannot be certain that these persons do not own the rights they claim, that our products do not infringe on these rights and/or that these rights are not valid. Further, we cannot be certain that we would be able to obtain licenses from these persons on commercially reasonable terms or, if we were unable to obtain such licenses, that we would be able to redesign our products to avoid infringement. ​ F- 81 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Litigation ​ We are involved in a number of legal proceedings (including those described below) concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of our business activities. Many of these proceedings are at preliminary stages, and many of these proceedings seek an indeterminate amount of damages. We regularly evaluate the status of the legal proceedings in which we are involved to assess whether a loss is probable or there is a reasonable possibility that a loss or an additional loss may have been incurred and to determine if accruals are appropriate. If accruals are not appropriate, we further evaluate each legal proceeding to assess whether an estimate of the possible loss or range of possible loss can be made. ​ For certain cases described on the following pages, management is unable to provide a meaningful estimate of the possible loss or range of possible loss because, among other reasons, (i) the proceedings are in various stages; (ii) damages have not been sought; (iii) damages are unsupported and/or exaggerated; (iv) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals or motions; (v) there are significant factual issues to be resolved; and/or (vi) there are novel legal issues or unsettled legal theories to be presented or a large number of parties. For these cases, however, management does not believe, based on currently available information, that the outcomes of these proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, though the outcomes could be material to our operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period. ​ ClearPlay, Inc. ​ On March 13, 2014, ClearPlay, Inc. (“ClearPlay”) filed a complaint against us and our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network and DISH Network L.L.C., and our then wholly-owned subsidiary EchoStar Technologies L.L.C., in the United States District Court for the District of Utah. The complaint alleges willful infringement of United States Patent Nos. 6,898,799 (the “799 patent”), entitled “Multimedia Content Navigation and Playback”; 7,526,784 (the “784 patent”), entitled “Delivery of Navigation Data for Playback of Audio and Video Content”; 7,543,318 (the “318 patent”), entitled “Delivery of Navigation Data for Playback of Audio and Video Content”; 7,577,970 (the “970 patent”), entitled “Multimedia Content Navigation and Playback”; and 8,117,282 (the “282 patent”), entitled “Media Player Configured to Receive Playback Filters From Alternative Storage Mediums.” ClearPlay alleges that the AutoHop™ feature of our Hopper® set-top box infringes the asserted patents. On February 11, 2015, the case was stayed pending various third-party challenges before the United States Patent and Trademark Office regarding the validity of certain of the patents asserted in the action. ​ In those third-party challenges, the United States Patent and Trademark Office found that all claims of the 282 patent are unpatentable, and that certain claims of the 784 patent and 318 patent are unpatentable. ClearPlay appealed as to the 784 patent and the 318 patent, and on August 23, 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the findings of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. On October 31, 2016, the stay was lifted, and in May 2017, ClearPlay agreed to dismiss us and DISH Network as defendants, leaving DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C. as the sole defendants. ​ On October 16, October 21, November 2, 2020 and November 9, 2020, DISH Network L.L.C. filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office requesting ex parte reexamination of the validity of the asserted claims of, respectively, the 784 patent, the 799 patent, the 318 patent and the 970 patent; and on November 2, November 20, December 14 and December 15, 2020, the United States Patent and Trademark Office granted each request for reexamination. On May 7, 2021, May 25, 2021, June 25, 2021 and July 7, 2021, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued Ex Parte Reexamination Certificates confirming the patentability of the challenged claims of, respectively, the 799 patent, the 784 patent, the 318 patent and the 970 patent. ​ F- 82 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ In October and November 2021, DISH Network L.L.C. filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office requesting ex parte reexamination of the validity of certain asserted claims of the 784 patent, the 799 patent and the 970 patent. In November and December, 2021, the United States Patent and Trademark Office granted review of the challenged claims of the 799 patent and the 970 patent, but denied review of the challenged claims of the 784 patent. On January 24, 2022, an examiner of the United States Patent and Trademark Office affirmed the challenged claims of the 799 patent, and on January 19, 2023, an examiner of the United States Patent and Trademark Office affirmed the challenged claims of the 970 patent. ​ In an order dated January 31, 2023, the Court granted in part and denied in part DISH Network L.L.C.’s and DISH Technologies L.L.C.’s motion for summary judgment. Thereafter, ClearPlay narrowed its case to three asserted claims: one under the 799 patent and two under the 970 patent. Following a two-week trial, on March 10, 2023, the jury returned a verdict that DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C. infringed each of the asserted patent claims (though not willfully), and awarded damages of $ 469 million. That verdict became moot on March 21, 2023, when the trial court indicated that it would grant DISH Network L.L.C.’s and DISH Technologies L.L.C.’s motion for judgment as a matter of law, thus effectively vacating the jury award. On June 2, 2023, the Court entered its formal order granting judgment as a matter of law. On December 12, 2023, the Court denied ClearPlay’s motion to alter or amend the judgment. ClearPlay has filed a notice of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and briefing was completed on November 27, 2024. ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case. In the event that a court ultimately determines that we infringe the asserted patents, we may be subject to substantial damages, which may include treble damages, and/or an injunction that could require us to materially modify certain features that we currently offer to consumers. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ Data Breach Class Actions ​ On May 9, 2023, Susan Owen-Brooks, an alleged customer, filed a putative class action complaint against our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. She purports to represent a nationwide class of all individuals in the United States who allegedly had private information stolen as a result of the February 23, 2023 Cybersecurity Incident (and a North Carolina statewide subclass of the same individuals). Since that filing, ten additional putative class action complaints have been filed in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado, purporting to represent the same nationwide class of people, and Owen-Brooks has filed an amended complaint. On August 2, 2023, the Court issued an order consolidating the first ten cases (the eleventh was dismissed) and, on November 16, 2023 and January 16, 2024, the plaintiffs filed consolidated amended class action complaints. On September 27, 2024, the Court granted DISH Network’s motion to dismiss the First Amended Consolidated Class Action Complaint as to eight of the eleven named plaintiffs and as to certain causes of action. On October 29, 2024, the Plaintiffs filed the operative Second Amended Consolidated Class Action Complaint, which deletes the allegations as to the dismissed plaintiffs and causes of action, leaving three named plaintiffs and causes of action for negligence, negligence per se, breach of implied contract, and declaratory judgment. ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ F- 83 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Digital Broadcasting Solutions, LLC ​ On August 29, 2022, Digital Broadcasting Solutions, LLC filed a complaint against our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleges infringement of U.S. Patent No. 8,929,710 (the “710 patent”) and U.S. Patent No. 9,538,122 (the “122 patent”), each entitled “System and method for time shifting at least a portion of a video program.” Generally, the plaintiff contends that the AutoHop feature of our Hopper® set-top boxes infringes the asserted patents. On June 21, 2023, the Court granted the motion of DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C. to have the case transferred to the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. ​ In May 2023, DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C. filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of all claims of the 710 patent and the 122 patent and, on December 9, 2024, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued final written decisions invalidating 38 of the 39 challenged claims. On January 13, 2025, Digital Broadcasting Solutions filed a notice of appeal of those final written decisions, and on February 7, 2025, DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C. cross-appealed as to the single patent claim that wasn’t invalidated. The underlying case has been stayed since May 9, 2024, pending resolution of the petitions before the United States Patent and Trademark Office and any related appeals . ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case. In the event that a court ultimately determines that we infringe the asserted patents, we may be subject to substantial damages, which may include treble damages, and/or an injunction that could require us to materially modify certain features that we currently offer to consumers. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ Entropic Communications, LLC (first action) ​ On March 9, 2022, Entropic Communications, LLC (“Entropic”) filed a complaint against our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network, DISH Network L.L.C. and Dish Network Service L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleges infringement of U.S. Patent No. 7,130,576 (the “576 patent”), entitled “Signal Selector and Combiner for Broadband Content Distribution”; U.S. Patent No. 7,542,715 (the “715 Patent”), entitled “Signal Selector and Combiner for Broadband Content Distribution”; and U.S. Patent No. 8,792,008 (the “008 Patent”), entitled “Method and Apparatus for Spectrum Monitoring.” On March 30, 2022, Entropic filed an amended complaint alleging infringement of the same patents. Generally, the plaintiff accuses satellite antennas, low-noise block converters, signal selector and combiners, and set-top boxes and the manner in which they process signals for satellite television customers of infringing the asserted patents. The plaintiff is an entity that seeks to license a patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein. ​ On October 24, 2022, this case was ordered to be transferred to the United States District Court for the Central District of California. A companion case against DirecTV was also ordered transferred to the United States District Court for the Central District of California. In January and February of 2023, DISH Network L.L.C. and Dish Network Service L.L.C. filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of all claims of the 715 patent, all claims of the 008 patent, and 25 claims of the 576 patent, which includes all of its asserted claims. In August and September 2023, the Patent Office denied institution on the petitions challenging the 715 patent and the 576 patent. In September 2023, at the parties’ joint request, the Patent Office dismissed the petition challenging the 008 patent, as Entropic agreed to drop its claims against DISH Network on that patent. On July 12, 2024, the United States Patent and Trademark Office granted a request for reexamination of the 715 patent. ​ F- 84 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case. In the event that a court ultimately determines that we infringe the asserted patents, we may be subject to substantial damages, which may include treble damages, and/or an injunction that could require us to materially modify certain features that we currently offer to consumers. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ Entropic Communications, LLC (second action) ​ On February 10, 2023, Entropic filed a second lawsuit against our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network, DISH Network L.L.C., Dish Network Service L.L.C. and Dish Network California Service Corporation in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. The complaint alleges infringement of U.S. Patent No. 7,295,518 (the “518 patent”), entitled “Broadband network for coaxial cable using multi-carrier modulation”; U.S. Patent No. 7,594,249 (the “249 patent”), entitled “Network interface device and broadband local area network using coaxial cable”; U.S. Patent Nos. 7,889,759 (the “759 patent”), entitled “Broadband cable network utilizing common bit-loading”; U.S. Patent No. 8,085,802 (the “802 Patent”), entitled “Multimedia over coaxial cable access protocol”; U.S. Patent No. 9,838,213 (the “213 patent”), entitled “Parameterized quality of service architecture in a network”; U.S. Patent No. 10,432,422 (the “422 patent”), entitled “Parameterized quality of service architecture in a network”; U.S. Patent No. 8,631,450 (the “450 patent”), entitled “Broadband local area network”; U.S. Patent No. 8,621,539 (the “539 patent”), entitled “Physical layer transmitter for use in a broadband local area network”; U.S. Patent No. 8,320,566 (the “0,566 patent”), entitled “Method and apparatus for performing constellation scrambling in a multimedia home network”; U.S. Patent No. 10,257,566 (the “7,566 patent”), entitled “Broadband local area network”; U.S. Patent No. 8,228,910 (the “910 Patent”), entitled “Aggregating network packets for transmission to a destination mode”; and U.S. Patent No. 8,363,681 (the “681 patent”), entitled “Method and apparatus for using ranging measurements in a multimedia home network.” Generally, the patents relate to Multimedia over Coax Alliance standards and the manner in which we provide a whole-home DVR network over an on-premises coaxial cable network. ​ Entropic has asserted the same patents in the same court against Comcast, Cox and DirecTV. On September 7, 2023, the Court granted the motion of DISH Network L.L.C., Dish Network Service L.L.C. and Dish Network California Service Corporation to dismiss the claims arising from the 7,566 patent and the 910 patent on the grounds that they claimed in eligible subject matter. In January and February 2024, DISH Network L.L.C. filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of the 249 patent, the 518 patent, the 759 patent, the 450 patent, the 539 patent, the 0,566 patent, and the 681 patent. In July and August 2024, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on the petitions challenging the 249 patent and the 518 patent, but denied institution on the remaining petitions. On February 24, 2025, the Court granted other defendants’ motions to dismiss the claims arising from the 213 patent, the 422 patent, the 601 patent and the 802 patent on the grounds that they claimed in eligible subject matter. ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case. In the event that a court ultimately determines that we infringe the asserted patents, we may be subject to substantial damages, which may include treble damages, and/or an injunction that could require us to materially modify certain features that we currently offer to consumers. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ F- 85 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Freedom Patents ​ On April 7, 2023, Freedom Patents LLC filed a complaint against our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network, DISH Network L.L.C. and Dish Network Service L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleges infringement of U.S. Patent No. 8,284,686 (the “686 Patent”), entitled “Antenna/Beam Selection Training in MIMO Wireless LANS with Different Sounding Frames”; U.S. Patent No. 8,374,096 (the “096 Patent”), entitled “Method for Selecting Antennas and Beams in MIMO Wireless LANs”; and U.S. Patent No. 8,514,815 (the “815 Patent”), entitled “Training Signals for Selecting Antennas and Beams in MIMO Wireless LANs.” Similar complaints were also filed against Acer, Altice, Charter, Comcast and Verizon. In general, the asserted patents relate to the 802.11 wireless standard, and the products accused of infringement are the Wireless Joey, its access point, and certain Ring, Nest and Linksys products that we sell. On March 15, 2024, the Court denied the defendants’ motion to transfer the case to the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. On May 24, 2024, the case was dismissed pursuant to a settlement under which DISH Network, DISH Network L.L.C. and Dish Network Service L.L.C. paid an immaterial amount. This matter is now concluded. ​ Hughes Telecomunicações do Brasil v. State of São Paulo Treasury Department ​ On December 12, 2019, Hughes Telecomunicações do Brasil (“HTB”) filed  a tax annulment claim in the Judicial Court of São Paulo, claiming that a tax assessment from the State Treasury of São Paulo, for the period from January 2013 to December 2014, was based on an erroneous interpretation of an exemption to the ICMS (a state tax on, among other things, communications). ​ In June 2022, a judicial expert determined that HTB’s interpretation of the exemption was correct. Nonetheless, in July 2023, the Court entered judgment against HTB, and in October 2023, rejected HTB’s request for clarification.   In November 2023, HTB filed an appeal to the Court of Justice, but on February 25, 2025, the Court of Justice ruled against HTB. ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case.   We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit. ​ Jones 401(k) Litigation ​ On December 20, 2021, four former employees filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado against our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network, its Board of Directors, and its Retirement Plan Committee alleging fiduciary breaches arising from the management of our 401(k) Plan. The putative class, comprised of all participants in the Plan on or after January 20, 2016, alleges that the Plan had excessive recordkeeping and administrative expenses and that it maintained underperforming funds. On February 1, 2023, a Magistrate Judge issued a recommendation that the defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint be granted, and on March 27, 2023, the district court judge granted the motion. As permitted by the Court’s order, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on April 10, 2023, which is limited to allegations regarding the alleged underperformance of the Fidelity Freedom Funds. On November 7, 2023, a Magistrate Judge issued a recommendation that the defendants’ motion to dismiss the amended complaint be denied as to the duty to prudently monitor fund performance, but be granted as to the duty of loyalty and, on November 27, 2023, the district court judge entered an order adopting the recommendation. On March 1, 2024, by stipulation, the plaintiffs dismissed their claims against the Board of Directors and the Retirement Plan Committee, leaving DISH Network as the sole defendant. On April 30, 2024, pursuant to the parties’ stipulation, the Court certified the proposed plaintiff class. On October 30, 2024, pursuant to the parties’ stipulation, the Court stayed the litigation pending a mediation. ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ F- 86 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ License Fee Dispute with Government of India, Department of Telecommunications ​ In 1994, the Government of India promulgated a “National Telecommunications Policy” under which the government liberalized the telecommunications sector and required telecommunications service providers to pay fixed license fees. Pursuant to this policy, our subsidiary Hughes Communications India Private Limited (“HCIPL”), formerly known as Hughes Escorts Communications Limited, obtained a license to operate a data network over satellite using VSAT systems. In 2002, HCIPL’s license was amended pursuant to a 1999 government policy that eliminated fixed license fees and replaced them with license fees based on service providers’ adjusted gross revenue (“AGR”). In March 2005, the Indian Department of Telecommunications (“DOT”) notified HCIPL that, based on its review of HCIPL’s audited accounts and AGR statements, HCIPL must pay additional license fees and penalties and interest on such fees and penalties. HCIPL responded that the DOT had improperly calculated its AGR by including revenue from both licensed and unlicensed activities. ​ The DOT rejected this explanation and in 2006, HCIPL filed a petition with an administrative tribunal (the “Tribunal”), challenging the DOT’s calculation of its AGR. The DOT also issued license fee assessments to other telecommunications service providers and those other providers filed similar petitions with the Tribunal. These petitions were amended, consolidated, remanded and re-appealed several times. On April 23, 2015, the Tribunal issued a judgment affirming the DOT’s calculation of AGR for the telecommunications service providers but reversing the DOT’s imposition of interest, penalties and interest on such penalties as excessive. ​ Over subsequent years, the DOT and HCIPL and other telecommunications service providers, respectively, filed several appeals of the Tribunal’s ruling. On October 24, 2019, the Supreme Court of India (“Supreme Court”) issued an order (the “October 2019 Order”) affirming the license fee assessments imposed by the DOT, including its imposition of interest, penalties and interest on the penalties, but without indicating the amount HCIPL was required to pay the DOT, and ordering payment by January 23, 2020. On November 23, 2019, HCIPL and other telecommunication service providers filed a petition asking the Supreme Court to reconsider the October 2019 Order. The petition was denied on January 20, 2020. On January 22, 2020, HCIPL and other telecommunication service providers filed an application requesting that the Supreme Court modify the October 2019 Order to permit the DOT to calculate the final amount due and extend HCIPL’s and the other telecommunication service providers’ payment deadline. On February 14, 2020, the Supreme Court directed HCIPL and the other telecommunication service providers to explain why the Supreme Court should not initiate contempt proceedings for failure to pay the amounts due. ​ During a hearing on March 18, 2020, the Supreme Court ordered that all amounts that were due before the October 2019 Order must be paid, including interest, penalties and interest on the penalties. The Supreme Court also ordered that the parties appear for a further hearing addressing, among other things, a proposal by the DOT to allow for extended or deferred payments of amounts due. On June 11, 2020, the Supreme Court ordered HCIPL and the other telecommunication service providers to submit affidavits addressing the proposal made by the DOT to extend the time frame for payment of the amounts owed and for HCIPL and the other telecommunication providers to provide security for such payments. ​ On September 1, 2020, the Supreme Court issued a judgment permitting a 10 -year payment schedule. Under this payment schedule, HCIPL is required to make an annual payment every March 31, through 2031. Following the Supreme Court of India’s October 2019 judgment, HCIPL made payments during the first quarter of 2020, and additional payments on each March 31 thereafter. As of December 31, 2024, the gross amount of fees, penalties and interest owed was approximately $ 91 million with $ 54 million remaining outstanding as a result of historical payments . ​ F- 87 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Pursuant to the Contribution and Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) dated December 3, 2004 between The DirecTV Group, Inc. (“DirecTV”) and certain other entities relating to DirecTV’s spinoff of certain of its subsidiaries, including HCIPL, DirecTV undertook to indemnify HCIPL for certain pre-closing tax liabilities. On March 27, 2020, HCIPL filed an indemnification complaint against DirecTV in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, seeking to recover certain license fees, penalties and interest owed to the Indian government as a result of the aforementioned proceedings. On November 16, 2021, the New York court granted summary judgment in favor of DirecTV, but on June 22, 2023, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed, holding that, under the Purchase Agreement, HCIPL is entitled to indemnification from DirecTV. The Second Circuit remanded the case back to the trial court to determine the amount of indemnification owed. The parties reached a conditional agreement to settle the matter, but the conditions were not met, so the stay entered on October 3, 2024 was lifted on November 22, 2024. ​ Lingam Securities Class Action (formerly Jaramillo) ​ On March 23, 2023, a securities fraud class action complaint was filed against our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network and Messrs. Ergen, Carlson and Orban in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. The complaint was brought on behalf of a putative class of purchasers of our securities during the February 22, 2021 to February 27, 2023 class period. In general, the complaint alleged that DISH Network’s public statements during that period were false and misleading and contained material omissions, because they did not disclose that DISH Network allegedly maintained a deficient cybersecurity and information technology infrastructure, were unable to properly secure customer data and DISH Network’s operations were susceptible to widespread service outages. ​ In August 2023, the Court appointed a new lead plaintiff and lead plaintiff’s counsel, and, on October 20, 2023, they filed an amended complaint that abandoned the original allegations. In their amended complaint, plaintiffs allege that, during the class period, the defendants concealed problems concerning the 5G network buildout that prevented scaling and commercializing the network to obtain enterprise customers. The amended complaint added as individual defendants James S. Allen, DISH Network’s Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer; John Swieringa, our President, Technology and Chief Operating Officer; Dave Mayo, DISH Network’s former Executive Vice President of Network Development; Marc Rouanne, DISH Network’s former Executive Vice President and Chief Network Officer; and Stephen Bye, DISH Network’s former Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer. After the defendants filed a motion to dismiss, the plaintiffs filed a further amended complaint, asserting the same theory, on February 23, 2024. The new complaint drops Erik Carlson, John Swieringa, Paul Orban and James Allen as individual defendants. ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ Mesa Digital ​ On November 27, 2024, Mesa Digital, LLC filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas against our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Wireless alleging infringement of United States Patent No. 9,031,537, entitled “Electronic Wireless Hand Held Multimedia Device.” Generally, it relates to an electronic handheld device with a touch-sensitive display. ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ Mobility Workx ​ On December 3, 2024, Mobility Workx, LLC filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas against our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Wireless alleging infringement of United States Patent No. 7,697,508, entitled “System, Apparatus and Methods for Proactive Allocation of Wireless Communication Resources.” Generally, it relates to hand-offs in a mobile network. F- 88 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ Quantum Technology Innovations LLC ​ On June 5, 2024, Quantum Technology Innovations, LLC filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas against our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network alleging infringement of United States Patent No. 7,650,376, entitled “Content Distribution System for Distributing Content Over a Network, with Particular Applicability to Distributing High-Bandwidth Content.” The plaintiff is an entity that seeks to license a patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein. On August 8, 2024, Quantum Technology Innovations dismissed its complaint without prejudice. This matter is now concluded. ​ Realtime Data LLC and Realtime Adaptive Streaming LLC ​ On June 6, 2017, Realtime Data LLC d/b/a IXO (“Realtime”) filed an amended complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (the “Original Texas Action”) against us and our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network, DISH Network L.L.C., DISH Technologies L.L.C. (then known as EchoStar Technologies L.L.C.), Sling TV L.L.C., Sling Media L.L.C. and Hughes Network Systems, L.L.C. (“HNS”); and Arris Group, Inc. Realtime’s initial complaint in the Original Texas Action, filed on February 14, 2017, had named only us and our wholly-owned subsidiary HNS as defendants. ​ The amended complaint in the Original Texas Action alleges infringement of United States Patent No. 8,717,204 (the “204 patent”), entitled “Methods for encoding and decoding data”; United States Patent No. 9,054,728 (the “728 patent”), entitled “Data compression systems and methods”; United States Patent No. 7,358,867 (the “867 patent”), entitled “Content independent data compression method and system”; United States Patent No. 8,502,707 (the “707 patent”), entitled “Data compression systems and methods”; United States Patent No. 8,275,897 (the “897 patent”), entitled “System and methods for accelerated data storage and retrieval”; United States Patent No. 8,867,610 (the “610 patent”), entitled “System and methods for video and audio data distribution”; United States Patent No. 8,934,535 (the “535 patent”), entitled “Systems and methods for video and audio data storage and distribution”; and United States Patent No. 8,553,759 (the “759 patent”), entitled “Bandwidth sensitive data compression and decompression.” ​ Realtime alleges that our, Sling TV L.L.C.’s, Sling Media L.L.C.’s and Arris Group, Inc.’s streaming video products and services compliant with various versions of the H.264 video compression standard infringe the 897 patent, the 610 patent and the 535 patent, and that the data compression system in HNS’ products and services infringes the 204 patent, the 728 patent, the 867 patent, the 707 patent and the 759 patent. On July 19, 2017, the Court severed Realtime’s claims against DISH Network, DISH Network L.L.C., Sling TV L.L.C., Sling Media L.L.C. and Arris Group, Inc. (alleging infringement of the 897 patent, the 610 patent and the 535 patent) from the Original Texas Action into a separate action in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (the “Second Texas Action”). On August 31, 2017, Realtime dismissed the claims against DISH Network, Sling TV L.L.C., Sling Media Inc., and Sling Media L.L.C. from the Second Texas Action and refiled these claims (alleging infringement of the 897 patent, the 610 patent and the 535 patent) against Sling TV L.L.C., Sling Media Inc., and Sling Media L.L.C. in a new action in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado (the “Colorado Action”). Also on August 31, 2017, Realtime dismissed DISH Technologies L.L.C. from the Original Texas Action, and on September 12, 2017, added it as a defendant in an amended complaint in the Second Texas Action. On November 6, 2017, Realtime filed a joint motion to dismiss the Second Texas Action without prejudice, which the Court entered on November 8, 2017. ​ F- 89 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ On October 10, 2017, Realtime Adaptive Streaming LLC (“Realtime Adaptive Streaming”) filed suit against our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C., as well as Arris Group, Inc., in a new action in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (the “Third Texas Action”), alleging infringement of the 610 patent and the 535 patent. Also on October 10, 2017, an amended complaint was filed in the Colorado Action, substituting Realtime Adaptive Streaming as the plaintiff instead of Realtime, and alleging infringement of only the 610 patent and the 535 patent, but not the 897 patent. On November 6, 2017, Realtime Adaptive Streaming filed a joint motion to dismiss the Third Texas Action without prejudice, which the court entered on November 8, 2017. Also on November 6, 2017, Realtime Adaptive Streaming filed a second amended complaint in the Colorado Action, adding our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C., as well as Arris Group, Inc., as defendants. ​ As a result, neither DISH Network nor any of its subsidiaries is a defendant in the Original Texas Action; the Court has dismissed without prejudice the Second Texas Action and the Third Texas Action; and our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network L.L.C., DISH Technologies L.L.C., Sling TV L.L.C. and Sling Media L.L.C. as well as Arris Group, Inc., are defendants in the Colorado Action, which now has Realtime Adaptive Streaming as the named plaintiff. Following settlements with the plaintiff, we and HNS were dismissed from the Original Texas Action in February 2019, and Arris Group, Inc. was dismissed from the Colorado Action in March 2021. ​ On July 3, 2018, Sling TV L.L.C., Sling Media L.L.C., DISH Network L.L.C., and DISH Technologies L.L.C. filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of each of the asserted patents. On January 31, 2019, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on DISH Network’s petitions, and it held trial on the petitions on December 5, 2019. On January 17, 2020, the United States Patent and Trademark Office terminated the petitions as time-barred, but issued a final written decision invalidating the 535 patent to third parties that had timely joined in DISH Network’s petition (and, on January 10, 2020, issued a final written decision invalidating the 535 patent in connection with a third-party’s independent petition). On March 16, 2020, Sling TV L.L.C., Sling Media L.L.C., DISH Network L.L.C., and DISH Technologies L.L.C. filed a notice of appeal from the terminated petitions to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. On June 29, 2020, the United States Patent and Trademark Office filed a notice of intervention in the appeal. On March 16, 2021, the Court of Appeals dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction. On April 29, 2021, Sling TV L.L.C., Sling Media L.L.C., DISH Network L.L.C., and DISH Technologies L.L.C. filed a petition for rehearing, which was denied on June 28, 2021. On January 12, 2021, Realtime Adaptive Streaming filed a notice of dismissal of its claims on the 535 patent. ​ On July 30, 2021, the District Court granted summary judgment in favor of DISH Network L.L.C., DISH Technologies L.L.C., Sling TV L.L.C. and Sling Media L.L.C., holding that the remaining asserted patent, the 610 patent, is invalid because it claims patent-ineligible abstract subject matter. Realtime Adaptive Streaming appealed that ruling to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and on May 11, 2023, that Court affirmed the District Court’s summary judgment order. Independently, on September 21, 2021, in connection with an ex parte reexamination of the validity of the 610 patent, an examiner at the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued a final office action rejecting each asserted claim of the 610 patent as invalid over the cited prior art. On April 19, 2023, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board rejected Realtime Adaptive Streaming’s appeal and affirmed the examiner’s rejection of the asserted claims of the 610 patent. Realtime did not further appeal the Patent Trial and Appeal Board’s determination and, thus, the asserted claims of the 610 patent were canceled. As a result, DISH Network L.L.C., DISH Technologies L.L.C., Sling TV L.L.C. and Sling Media L.L.C. no longer face any possible exposure from this matter, and the liability phase of this case is concluded. ​ F- 90 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ On January 21, 2022, the District Court granted the motion by DISH Network L.L.C., DISH Technologies L.L.C., Sling TV L.L.C. and Sling Media L.L.C. to have the case declared “exceptional,” and on September 20, 2022, awarded them $ 3.9 million in attorneys’ fees. Realtime Adaptive Streaming filed a notice of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit from the exceptionality and fee award orders, and on August 23, 2024, that Court vacated the exceptionality finding and remanded for further consideration of the issue. On November 26, 2024, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit denied DISH Network L.L.C., DISH Technologies L.L.C., Sling TV L.L.C. and Sling Media L.L.C.’s petition seeking rehearing en banc. On February 5, 2024, on remand, the District Court denied the motion to declare the case exceptional. ​ SafeCast Limited ​ On June 27, 2022, SafeCast Limited filed a complaint against our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Network in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas. The complaint alleges that DISH Network infringes U.S. Patent No. 9,392,302, entitled “System for providing improved facilities in time-shifted broadcasts” (the “302 patent”). On the same day, it brought complaints in the same court asserting infringement of the same patent against AT&T, Google, HBO, NBCUniversal, Paramount and Verizon. On October 24, 2022, in response to the parties’ joint motion, the Court ordered the case against DISH Network transferred to the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. On December 1, 2022, SafeCast filed an amended complaint naming our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C. as defendants and withdrawing the allegations as to DISH Network. The plaintiff is an entity that seeks to license a patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein. ​ On June 22, 2023, DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C. filed a petition with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of the asserted claims of the 302 patent, and on June 26, 2024, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on that petition. On August 28, 2023, the Court stayed the case pending resolution of the petition. On October 3, 2024, in connection with a third-party’s petition citing different prior art, the United States Patent and Trademark Office invalidated all claims asserted against DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C. Because SafeCast Limited did not appeal that decision, on January 27, 2025, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued a certificate canceling, the challenged claims. ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case. In the event that a court ultimately determines that we infringe the asserted patent, we may be subject to substantial damages, which may include treble damages, and/or an injunction that could require us to materially modify certain features that we currently offer to consumers. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ Sound View Innovations, LLC ​ On December 30, 2019, Sound View Innovations, LLC filed one complaint against our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C. and a second complaint against our wholly-owned subsidiary Sling TV L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. The complaint against DISH Network L.L.C. and DISH Technologies L.L.C. alleges infringement of United States Patent No 6,502,133 (the “133 patent”), entitled “Real-Time Event Processing System with Analysis Engine Using Recovery Information” and both complaints allege infringement of United States Patent No. 6,708,213 (the “213 patent), entitled “Method for Streaming Multimedia Information Over Public Networks”; United States Patent No. 6,757,796 (the “796 patent”), entitled “Method and System for Caching Streaming Live Broadcasts transmitted Over a Network”; and United States Patent No. 6,725,456 (the “456 patent”), entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Ensuring Quality of Service in an Operating System.” All but the 133 patent are also asserted in the complaint against Sling TV L.L.C. The plaintiff is an entity that seeks to license a patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein. ​ F- 91 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ On May 21, 2020, June 3, 2020, June 5, 2020 and July 10, 2020, DISH Network L.L.C., DISH Technologies L.L.C. and Sling TV L.L.C. filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of, respectively, the 213 patent, the 133 patent, the 456 patent and the 796 patent. On November 25, 2020, the United States Patent and Trademark Office declined to review the validity of the 213 patent, and on September 29, 2021, denied a request for rehearing of that decision. On January 19, 2021, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on the 456 patent but declined to review the 133 patent. On February 24, 2021, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on the 796 patent. On January 18, 2022, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued a final written decision holding that the challenged claim of the 456 patent is patentable, and on February 8, 2022, it issued a final written decision holding that the challenged claims of the 796 patent are patentable. ​ On March 22, 2022, DISH Network L.L.C., DISH Technologies L.L.C. and Sling TV L.L.C. filed a notice of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit from the adverse final written decision regarding the 456 patent, and on April 8, 2022, they filed a notice of appeal to the same court from the adverse final written decision regarding the 796 patent. The appeal on the 456 patent was voluntarily dismissed on December 6, 2022. The Federal Circuit heard oral argument on the 796 patent appeal on October 3, 2023, and affirmed the United States Patent and Trademark Office’s adverse final written decision on October 5, 2023. ​ On April 20, 2022, DISH Network L.L.C., DISH Technologies L.L.C. and Sling TV L.L.C. filed a petition with the United States Patent and Trademark Office requesting ex parte reexamination of the validity of one of the asserted claims of the 213 patent, and reexamination was ordered on June 16, 2022. On November 13, 2023, the United States Patent and Trademark Office confirmed the patentability of the challenged claim. On January 18, 2023, DISH Network L.L.C., DISH Technologies L.L.C. and Sling TV L.L.C. filed a second petition requesting ex parte reexamination of the validity of the four other asserted claims of the 213 patent, reexamination was ordered on April 17, 2023, and it remains pending. On October 17, 2024, the Court ordered that the stay of the case, which had been entered for the pendency of the original petitions before the United States Patent and Trademark Office, would remain in place pending the outcome of Sound View’s appeal in a parallel action against Hulu. ​ We intend to vigorously defend these cases. In the event that a court ultimately determines that we infringe the asserted patents, we may be subject to substantial damages, which may include treble damages, and/or an injunction that could require us to materially modify certain features that we currently offer to consumers. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ State of Illinois ex rel. Rodriguez ​ In March 2020, two private “relators” filed this case in the Circuit Court of Cook County Illinois, County Department, Law Division, under the Illinois False Claims Act against DISH Wireless, Sprint and more than 60 Boost Mobile retailers in Illinois. The defendants only became aware of the lawsuit after it was unsealed in March 2022. The operative Second Amended Complaint alleges that the retailer defendants should have collected sales tax under the Retailers’ Occupation Tax Act on any amounts that Sprint or DISH Network rebated them to facilitate handset price discounts to Illinois consumers (“Prepaid Phone Rebates”) and on any phone activation fees the retailers charged to customers (“Device Setup Charges”). It further alleges that DISH Wireless and Sprint are liable for the alleged violations arising from the Device Setup Charges because of the way they allegedly managed the point-of-sale system that the retailer defendants used. The Plaintiffs seek to recover triple the amount of allegedly unpaid taxes, fines for each alleged violation, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On June 13, 2023, the Court denied the defendants’ motions to dismiss the complaint, but on January 2, 2024, it granted reconsideration and dismissed the complaint as to DISH Wireless and Sprint, with leave to amend. The Plaintiffs filed a Third Amended Complaint on February 2, 2024. On September 20, 2024, the Court granted DISH Wireless’s and Sprint’s motion to dismiss the Third Amended Complaint, without further leave to amend. ​ F- 92 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued We intend to vigorously defend this case. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ TQ Delta, LLC ​ On July 17, 2015, TQ Delta, LLC (“TQ Delta”) filed a complaint against our wholly-owned subsidiaries DISH Network, DISH DBS Corporation and DISH Network L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. The Complaint alleges infringement of United States Patent No. 6,961,369 (the “369 patent”), which is entitled “System and Method for Scrambling the Phase of the Carriers in a Multicarrier Communications System”; United States Patent No. 8,718,158 (the “158 patent”), which is entitled “System and Method for Scrambling the Phase of the Carriers in a Multicarrier Communications System”; United States Patent No. 9,014,243 (the “243 patent”), which is entitled “System and Method for Scrambling Using a Bit Scrambler and a Phase Scrambler”; United States Patent No.7,835,430 (the “430 patent”), which is entitled “Multicarrier Modulation Messaging for Frequency Domain Received Idle Channel Noise Information”; United States Patent No. 8,238,412 (the “412 patent”), which is entitled “Multicarrier Modulation Messaging for Power Level per Subchannel Information”; United States Patent No. 8,432,956 (the “956 patent”), which is entitled “Multicarrier Modulation Messaging for Power Level per Subchannel Information”; and United States Patent No. 8,611,404 (the “404 patent”), which is entitled “Multicarrier Transmission System with Low Power Sleep Mode and Rapid-On Capability.” ​ On September 9, 2015, TQ Delta filed a first amended complaint that added allegations of infringement of United States Patent No. 9,094,268 (the “268 patent”), which is entitled “Multicarrier Transmission System With Low Power Sleep Mode and Rapid-On Capability.” On May 16, 2016, TQ Delta filed a second amended complaint that added us Corporation and our then wholly-owned subsidiary EchoStar Technologies L.L.C. as defendants. TQ Delta alleges that our satellite TV service, Internet service, set-top boxes, gateways, routers, modems, adapters and networks that operate in accordance with one or more Multimedia over Coax Alliance Standards infringe the asserted patents. TQ Delta has filed actions in the same court alleging infringement of the same patents against Comcast Corp., Cox Communications, Inc., DirecTV, Time Warner Cable Inc. and Verizon Communications, Inc. TQ Delta is an entity that seeks to license an acquired patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein. ​ On July 14, 2016, TQ Delta stipulated to dismiss with prejudice all claims related to the 369 patent and the 956 patent. On July 20, 2016, DISH Network filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of all of the patent claims of the 404 patent and the 268 patent that have been asserted against DISH Network. Third parties filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of all of the patent claims that have been asserted against us in the action. On November 4, 2016, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on the third-party petitions related to the 158 patent, the 243 patent, the 412 patent and the 430 patent. On December 20, 2016, pursuant to a stipulation of the parties, the Court stayed the case until the resolution of all petitions to the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of all of the patent claims at issue. On January 19, 2017, the United States Patent and Trademark Office granted DISH Network’s motions to join the instituted petitions on the 430 and 158 patents. ​ On February 9, 2017, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on DISH Network’s petition related to the 404 patent, and on February 13, 2017, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on our petition related to the 268 patent. On February 27, 2017, the United States Patent and Trademark Office granted DISH Network’s motions to join the instituted petitions on the 243 and 412 patents. On October 26, 2017, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued final written decisions on the petitions challenging the 158 patent, the 243 patent, the 412 patent and the 430 patent, and it invalidated all of the asserted claims of those patents. ​ On February 7, 2018, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued final written decisions on the petitions challenging the 404 patent, and it invalidated all of the asserted claims of that patent on the basis of DISH Network’s petition. On February 10, 2018, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued a final written decision on DISH Network’s petition challenging the 268 patent, and it invalidated all of the asserted claims. F- 93 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ On March 12, 2018, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued a final written decision on a third-party petition challenging the 268 patent, and it invalidated all of the asserted claims. TQ Delta filed notices of appeal from the final written decisions adverse to it. On May 9, 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the invalidity of the 430 patent and the 412 patent. On July 10, 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the invalidity of the asserted claims of the 404 patent. On July 15, 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the invalidity of the asserted claims of the 268 patent. On November 22, 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed the invalidity finding on the 243 patent and the 158 patent, and then, on March 29, 2020, denied a petition for panel rehearing as to those findings. On April 13, 2021, the Court lifted the stay, and the case is proceeding on the 243 patent and the 158 patent. On April 23 and April 26, 2021, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued orders granting requests for ex parte reexamination of, respectively, the 243 patent and the 158 patent, but on July 27, 2023 and October 11, 2023, respectively, the United States Patent and Trademark Office confirmed the challenged claims of the 243 patent and the 158 patent. In a proposed supplemental report, TQ Delta’s damages expert contends that TQ Delta is entitled to $ 251 million in damages. ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case. In the event that a court ultimately determines that we infringe the asserted patents, we may be subject to substantial damages, which may include treble damages, and/or an injunction that could require us to materially modify certain features that we currently offer to consumers. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ Uniloc 2017 LLC ​ On January 31, 2019, Uniloc 2017 LLC (“Uniloc”) filed a complaint against our wholly-owned subsidiary Sling TV L.L.C. in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. The Complaint alleges infringement of United States Patent No. 6,519,005 (the “005 patent”), which is entitled “Method of Concurrent Multiple-Mode Motion Estimation for Digital Video”; United States Patent No. 6,895,118 (the “118 patent”), which is entitled “Method of Coding Digital Image Based on Error Concealment”; United States Patent No. 9,721,273 (the “273 patent”), which is entitled “System and Method for Aggregating and Providing Audio and Visual Presentations Via a Computer Network”); and United States Patent No. 8,407,609 (the “609 patent”), which is entitled “System and Method for Providing and Tracking the Provision of Audio and Visual Presentations Via a Computer Network.” Uniloc is an entity that seeks to license an acquired patent portfolio without itself practicing any of the claims recited therein. ​ On June 25, 2019, Sling TV L.L.C. filed a petition with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of all of the asserted claims of the 005 patent. On July 19, 2019 and July 22, 2019, respectively, Sling TV L.L.C. filed petitions with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of all asserted claims of the 273 patent and the 609 patent. On August 12, 2019, Sling TV L.L.C. filed a petition with the United States Patent and Trademark Office challenging the validity of all of the asserted claims of the 118 patent. On October 18, 2019, pursuant to a stipulation of the parties, the Court entered a stay of the trial proceedings. ​ On January 9, 2020, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on the petition challenging the 005 patent. On January 15, 2020, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on the petition challenging the 273 patent. On February 4, 2020, the United States Patent and Trademark Office agreed to institute proceedings on the petition challenging the 609 patent. On February 25, 2020, the United States Patent and Trademark Office declined to institute proceedings on the petition challenging the 118 patent. ​ F- 94 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ On December 28, 2020, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued a final written decision upholding the validity of the challenged claims of the 273 patent. Sling TV L.L.C. appealed that decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and on February 2, 2022, the Federal Circuit vacated the final written decision and remanded to the United States Patent and Trademark Office to reconsider its ruling. On remand, on September 7, 2022, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued a revised final written decision finding all challenged claims of the 273 patent invalid. Uniloc filed a notice of appeal of that revised final written decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, and on September 4, 2024, that court affirmed the United States Patent and Trademark Office’s invalidity finding. ​ On January 5, 2021, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued a final written decision invalidating all challenged claims of the 005 patent. On January 19, 2021, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued a final written decision invalidating all challenged claims of the 609 patent (and a second final written decision invalidating all challenged claims of the 609 patent based on a third-party’s petition). Uniloc did not appeal those decisions. Thus, the sole remaining asserted patent is the 118 patent. ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case. In the event that a court ultimately determines that we infringe the asserted patents, we may be subject to substantial damages, which may include treble damages, and/or an injunction that could require us to materially modify certain features that we currently offer to consumers. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ Universal Service Administrative Company On April 3, 2023, the Universal Service Administrative Company (“USAC”) notified our wholly-owned subsidiary DISH Wireless that it intended to seek to recover funds in the amount of $13.9 million disbursed under the Emergency Broadband Benefit Program (“EBBP”) and Affordable Connectivity Program (“ACP”) rules. We appealed this action and the USAC denied our appeal in October 2023. We appealed USAC's action to the FCC's Wireline Competition Bureau, which denied our appeal on January 17, 2025. We will continue to appeal USAC's action. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of our appeals or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ U.S. Bank Trust Company On April 26, 2024, U.S. Bank Trust Company, in its capacity as Trustee under the Indentures for DISH DBS Corporation’s 5.75 % Senior Secured Notes due 2028 and 7.75 % Senior Notes due 2026, filed an action in state court in New York City against DISH DBS Corporation, DISH Network L.L.C., EchoStar Intercompany Receivable Company L.L.C., DISH DBS Issuer LLC, and DBS Intercompany Receivable L.L.C. In its complaint, the Trustee contends that certain intracompany asset transfers in January 2024 breached the Indentures for those Notes, and that the transfers were intentional and constructive fraudulent transfers under the Colorado Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act. The Trustee seeks a declaratory judgment that DISH DBS Corporation breached the Indentures and that an Event of Default occurred under the DBS Indentures. It further asks the Court to unwind certain intracompany asset transfers and to award damages. On May 13, 2024, the defendants removed the case to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York and, on June 28, 2024, filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. Rather than opposing the motion, on July 18, 2024, the Trustee filed a first amended complaint, which added a new declaratory judgment claim challenging certain intercompany advances and new factual allegations challenging a certification of compliance with the DBS Indentures. On January 22, 2025, with permission from the Court, the Trustee filed a second amended complaint, which added allegations regarding our New DISH DBS Financing, a related intercompany loan, and the DIRECTV Transaction. We intend to vigorously defend this case. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of the suit or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ F- 95 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ Vermont National Telephone Company ​ On September 23, 2016, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia unsealed a qui tam complaint that, on May 13, 2015, Vermont National filed against our wholly-owned subsidiaries, DISH Network, American AWS-3 Wireless I L.L.C., American II, American III, and DISH Wireless Holding L.L.C.; Charles W. Ergen (our Chairman) and Cantey M. Ergen (a member of our Board of Directors); Northstar Wireless; Northstar Spectrum; Northstar Manager; SNR Wireless; SNR HoldCo; SNR Management; and certain other parties. The complaint alleges violations of the federal civil False Claims Act (the “FCA”) based on, among other things, allegations that Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless falsely claimed bidding credits of 25 % in the AWS-3 Auction when they were allegedly under the de facto control of DISH Network and, therefore, were not entitled to the bidding credits as designated entities under applicable FCC rules. Vermont National participated in the AWS-3 Auction through its wholly-owned subsidiary, VTel Wireless. The complaint was unsealed after the United States Department of Justice notified the District Court that it had declined to intervene in the action. Vermont National seeks to recover on behalf of the United States government approximately $ 10 billion, which reflects the $ 3.3 billion in bidding credits that Northstar Wireless and SNR Wireless claimed in the AWS-3 Auction, trebled under the FCA. Vermont National also seeks civil penalties of not less than $ 5,500 and not more than $ 11,000 for each violation of the FCA. On March 2, 2017, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia entered a stay of the litigation until such time as the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia (the “D.C. Circuit”) issued its opinion in SNR Wireless LicenseCo, LLC, et al. v. F.C.C. The D.C. Circuit issued its opinion on August 29, 2017 and remanded the matter to the FCC for further proceedings. ​ Thereafter, the District Court maintained the stay until October 26, 2018. On February 11, 2019, the District Court granted Vermont National’s unopposed motion for leave to file an amended complaint. On March 28, 2019, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss Vermont National’s amended complaint, and on March 23, 2021, the District Court granted the motion to dismiss. On April 21, 2021, Vermont National filed a notice of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit and, on May 17, 2022, that court reversed the District Court’s dismissal of the complaint. On June 16, 2022, the Defendants-Appellees filed a petition for rehearing or rehearing en banc, but on August 17, 2022, that petition was denied. On August 25, 2023, the FCC provided a sworn declaration stating that “the FCC considers … SNR and Northstar to have fully and timely satisfied their obligations to pay money to the Government arising from the AWS-3 Auction.” On that basis, on September 22, 2023, the Defendants filed a motion seeking partial summary judgment of no damages. On September 26, 2023, the Court denied the motion as premature. ​ On March 8, 2024, the United States filed a motion to exercise its statutory prerogative to intervene in the case for the purpose of moving to dismiss it with prejudice, stating that the case is “unlikely to vindicate the United States’ interests and would needlessly expend the Government’s and this Court’s resources.” On November 21, 2024, a magistrate judge held a hearing on the motion. ​ We intend to vigorously defend this case. We cannot predict with any degree of certainty the outcome of this proceeding or determine the extent of any potential liability or damages. ​ Other ​ In addition to the above actions, we are subject to various other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, including, among other things, disputes with programmers regarding fees. In our opinion, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to any of these actions is unlikely to materially affect our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, though the outcomes could be material to our operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period. ​ F- 96 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ 16. Segment Reporting ​ Our reportable segments are strategic business units managed separately based on different business strategies, services and products. ​ Our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is our President and Chief Executive Officer. “OIBDA,” defined as “Operating income (loss)” plus “Depreciation and amortization,” is the primary measure used by our CODM to evaluate segment operating performance. The CODM regularly reviews budget-to-actual variances of OIBDA when evaluating segment performance and allocating resources to each segment. ​ Historically, we reported four primary business segments: (1) Pay-TV; (2) Retail Wireless; (3) 5G Network Deployment; and (4) Broadband and Satellite Services. However, based on the information provided to the CODM and to align with management’s view of the business, we concluded that the Retail Wireless and 5G Network Deployment segments should be combined to a single segment, the “Wireless” segment. ​ We currently operate three primary business segments: (1) Pay-TV; (2) Wireless; and (3) Broadband and Satellite Services. See Note 1 for further information. Our Pay-TV segment revenue is primarily derived from Pay-TV subscriber revenue. Our Wireless segment revenue is primarily derived from Wireless subscriber revenue and selling wireless devices to subscribers. Our Broadband and Satellite Services segment revenue is primarily derived from Broadband subscriber revenue, broadband services revenue and communications equipment sales and leases. ​ All other and eliminations primarily include intersegment eliminations related to intercompany revenue and the related expense, which are eliminated in consolidation. ​ The CODM is not regularly provided assets on a segment basis; therefore, such information is not presented. ​ The revenue, expense, operating income (loss) and OIBDA by segment were as follows: ​ The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM. Intersegment expenses are included within the amounts presented. ​ F- 97 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pay-TV ​ Wireless ​ Broadband and Satellite Services ​ Eliminations ​ Consolidated Total ​ ​ (In thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 2024 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Revenue ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Revenue from external customers: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Service revenue ​ $ 10,602,475 ​ $ 3,156,760 ​ $ 1,196,891 ​ $ — ​ $ 14,956,126 Equipment sales and other revenue ​ ​ 71,002 ​ ​ 448,477 ​ ​ 349,911 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 869,390 Intersegment revenue ​ ​ 14,727 ​ ​ 2,746 ​ ​ 28,986 ​ ​ ( 46,459 ) ​ ​ — Total Revenue ​ ​ 10,688,204 ​ ​ 3,607,983 ​ ​ 1,575,788 ​ ​ ( 46,459 ) ​ ​ 15,825,516 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating Expenses ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of services: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Programming ​ ​ 5,060,083 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 5,060,083 Connectivity services (1) ​ ​ 224,112 ​ ​ 2,570,988 ​ ​ 203,498 ​ ​ ( 9,032 ) ​ ​ 2,989,566 Other (2) ​ ​ 1,262,311 ​ ​ 529,328 ​ ​ 299,242 ​ ​ ( 4,908 ) ​ ​ 2,085,973 Total cost of services ​ ​ 6,546,506 ​ ​ 3,100,316 ​ ​ 502,740 ​ ​ ( 13,940 ) ​ ​ 10,135,622 Cost of services - equipment and other ​ ​ 80,271 ​ ​ 1,250,656 ​ ​ 308,412 ​ ​ ( 2,384 ) ​ ​ 1,636,955 Selling, general and administrative expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Subscriber acquisition costs ​ ​ 425,227 ​ ​ 650,794 ​ ​ 194,665 ​ ​ ( 3,192 ) ​ ​ 1,267,494 Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ ​ 650,915 ​ ​ 303,240 ​ ​ 228,076 ​ ​ ( 22,909 ) ​ ​ 1,159,322 Total selling, general and administrative expenses ​ ​ 1,076,142 ​ ​ 954,034 ​ ​ 422,741 ​ ​ ( 26,101 ) ​ ​ 2,426,816 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ OIBDA (3) ​ ​ 2,985,285 ​ ​ ( 1,697,023 ) ​ ​ 341,895 ​ ​ ( 4,034 ) ​ ​ 1,626,123 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ 337,331 ​ ​ 1,134,883 ​ ​ 459,796 ​ ​ ( 1,817 ) ​ ​ 1,930,193 Total costs and expenses ​ ​ 8,040,250 ​ ​ 6,439,889 ​ ​ 1,693,689 ​ ​ ( 44,242 ) ​ ​ 16,129,586 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income (loss) ​ $ 2,647,954 ​ $ ( 2,831,906 ) ​ $ ( 117,901 ) ​ $ ( 2,217 ) ​ ​ ( 304,070 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Unallocated Amounts ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest income ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 116,625 Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ( 481,622 ) Other, net ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 593,497 Income (loss) before income taxes ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ ( 75,570 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1) “Connectivity services” is the cost to deliver our services and products to customers, which includes, among other things, network, transport and data, cloud based service, satellite and transmission, and other related costs. (2) “Other” primarily consists of variable costs including call center, manufacturing, dealer incentive, bad debt, billing and other variable costs, as well as costs to retain our subscribers. (3) OIBDA is a non-GAAP measure and does not purport to be an alternative to operating income (loss) as a measure of operating performance. We believe this measure is useful to management, investors and other users of our financial information in evaluating operating profitability of our business segments on a more variable cost basis as it excludes the depreciation and amortization expenses related primarily to capital expenditures and acquisitions for those business segments, as well as in evaluating operating performance in relation to our competitors. ​ F- 98 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pay-TV ​ Wireless ​ Broadband and Satellite Services ​ Eliminations ​ Consolidated Total ​ ​ (In thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Revenue ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Revenue from external customers: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Service revenue ​ $ 11,377,524 ​ $ 3,337,186 ​ $ 1,431,053 ​ $ — ​ $ 16,145,763 Equipment sales and other revenue ​ ​ 175,948 ​ ​ 394,167 ​ ​ 299,720 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 869,835 Intersegment revenue ​ ​ 17,687 ​ ​ 807 ​ ​ 24,786 ​ ​ ( 43,280 ) ​ ​ — Total Revenue ​ ​ 11,571,159 ​ ​ 3,732,160 ​ ​ 1,755,559 ​ ​ ( 43,280 ) ​ ​ 17,015,598 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating Expenses ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of services: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Programming ​ ​ 5,301,968 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 5,301,968 Connectivity services ​ ​ 245,716 ​ ​ 1,530,184 ​ ​ 197,358 ​ ​ ( 3,416 ) ​ ​ 1,969,842 Other ​ ​ 1,429,944 ​ ​ 482,149 ​ ​ 333,517 ​ ​ ( 6,993 ) ​ ​ 2,238,617 Total cost of services ​ ​ 6,977,628 ​ ​ 2,012,333 ​ ​ 530,875 ​ ​ ( 10,409 ) ​ ​ 9,510,427 Cost of services - equipment and other ​ ​ 91,164 ​ ​ 2,110,706 ​ ​ 241,570 ​ ​ ( 8,536 ) ​ ​ 2,434,904 Selling, general and administrative expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Subscriber acquisition costs ​ ​ 687,338 ​ ​ 701,814 ​ ​ 227,754 ​ ​ ( 6,391 ) ​ ​ 1,610,515 Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ ​ 727,470 ​ ​ 412,671 ​ ​ 258,625 ​ ​ ( 20,127 ) ​ ​ 1,378,639 Total selling, general and administrative expenses ​ ​ 1,414,808 ​ ​ 1,114,485 ​ ​ 486,379 ​ ​ ( 26,518 ) ​ ​ 2,989,154 Impairments for long-lived assets and goodwill ​ ​ 6,457 ​ ​ 218,560 ​ ​ 536,082 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 761,099 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ OIBDA ​ ​ 3,081,102 ​ ​ ( 1,723,924 ) ​ ​ ( 39,347 ) ​ ​ 2,183 ​ ​ 1,320,014 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ 381,292 ​ ​ 800,629 ​ ​ 419,262 ​ ​ ( 3,260 ) ​ ​ 1,597,923 Total costs and expenses ​ ​ 8,871,349 ​ ​ 6,256,713 ​ ​ 2,214,168 ​ ​ ( 48,723 ) ​ ​ 17,293,507 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income (loss) ​ $ 2,699,810 ​ $ ( 2,524,553 ) ​ $ ( 458,609 ) ​ $ 5,443 ​ ​ ( 277,909 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Unallocated Amounts ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest income ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 207,374 Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ( 90,357 ) Other, net ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ( 1,770,792 ) Income (loss) before income taxes ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ ( 1,931,684 ) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ F- 99 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pay-TV ​ Wireless ​ Broadband and Satellite Services ​ Eliminations ​ Consolidated Total ​ ​ (In thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Revenue ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Revenue from external customers: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Service revenue ​ $ 12,348,995 ​ $ 3,653,892 ​ $ 1,593,378 ​ $ — ​ $ 17,596,265 Equipment sales and other revenue ​ ​ 137,633 ​ ​ 525,820 ​ ​ 374,528 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 1,037,981 Intersegment revenue ​ ​ 18,764 ​ ​ 306 ​ ​ 30,187 ​ ​ ( 49,257 ) ​ ​ — Total Revenue ​ ​ 12,505,392 ​ ​ 4,180,018 ​ ​ 1,998,093 ​ ​ ( 49,257 ) ​ ​ 18,634,246 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating Expenses ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Cost of services: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Programming ​ ​ 5,584,877 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 5,584,877 Connectivity services ​ ​ 261,942 ​ ​ 1,680,811 ​ ​ 204,384 ​ ​ ( 5,799 ) ​ ​ 2,141,338 Other ​ ​ 1,576,608 ​ ​ 454,262 ​ ​ 362,927 ​ ​ ( 8,671 ) ​ ​ 2,385,126 Total cost of services ​ ​ 7,423,427 ​ ​ 2,135,073 ​ ​ 567,311 ​ ​ ( 14,470 ) ​ ​ 10,111,341 Cost of services - equipment and other ​ ​ 97,315 ​ ​ 1,715,276 ​ ​ 294,683 ​ ​ ( 8,138 ) ​ ​ 2,099,136 Selling, general and administrative expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Subscriber acquisition costs ​ ​ 879,620 ​ ​ 512,721 ​ ​ 254,751 ​ ​ ( 7,669 ) ​ ​ 1,639,423 Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ ​ 742,661 ​ ​ 416,578 ​ ​ 236,274 ​ ​ ( 19,611 ) ​ ​ 1,375,902 Total selling, general and administrative expenses ​ ​ 1,622,281 ​ ​ 929,299 ​ ​ 491,025 ​ ​ ( 27,280 ) ​ ​ 3,015,325 Impairments for long-lived assets and goodwill ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 711 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 711 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ OIBDA ​ ​ 3,362,369 ​ ​ ( 599,630 ) ​ ​ 644,363 ​ ​ 631 ​ ​ 3,407,733 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Depreciation and amortization ​ ​ 428,471 ​ ​ 288,602 ​ ​ 462,748 ​ ​ ( 4,926 ) ​ ​ 1,174,895 Total costs and expenses ​ ​ 9,571,494 ​ ​ 5,068,250 ​ ​ 1,816,478 ​ ​ ( 54,814 ) ​ ​ 16,401,408 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating income (loss) ​ $ 2,933,898 ​ $ ( 888,232 ) ​ $ 181,615 ​ $ 5,557 ​ ​ 2,232,838 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Unallocated Amounts ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Interest income ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 93,240 Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ( 79,217 ) Other, net ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,088,441 Income (loss) before income taxes ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 3,335,302 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ F- 100 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued The purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds, (including capitalized interest related to Regulatory authorizations) by segment were as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Broadband ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ and Satellite ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pay-TV Wireless Services ​ Eliminations Total ​ ​ (In thousands) For the Year Ended December 31, 2024 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds, (including capitalized interest related to regulatory authorizations) ​ $ 218,473 ​ $ 2,065,570 ​ $ 212,581 ​ $ — ​ $ 2,496,624 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds, (including capitalized interest related to regulatory authorizations) ​ $ 242,736 ​ $ 3,748,624 ​ $ 233,423 ​ $ — ​ $ 4,224,783 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Purchases of property and equipment, net of refunds, (including capitalized interest related to regulatory authorizations) ​ $ 131,093 ​ $ 3,580,518 ​ $ 325,891 ​ $ ( 2,721 ) ​ $ 4,034,781 ​ Geographic Information. Revenue is attributed to geographic regions based upon the customer billing location. Long-lived assets are associated with the geographic regions based upon the location where the asset resides. Geographic regions consist of: (i) North America, including the U.S. and its territories, Mexico, and Canada; (ii) Foreign, including South and Central America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, India, and the Middle East. ​ The following table summarizes revenue by geographic region: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, Revenue: ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) North America ​ $ 15,508,769 ​ $ 16,670,377 ​ $ 18,244,417 Foreign ​ ​ 316,747 ​ ​ 345,221 ​ ​ 389,829 Total revenue ​ $ 15,825,516 ​ $ 17,015,598 ​ $ 18,634,246 ​ The following table summarizes long-lived assets by geographic region: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, Long-lived assets: ​ 2024 2023 ​ ​ (In thousands) North America ​ $ 51,729,583 ​ $ 50,965,318 Foreign ​ ​ 160,483 ​ ​ 234,944 Total long-lived assets ​ $ 51,890,066 ​ $ 51,200,262 ​ ​ F- 101 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued The revenue from external customers disaggregated by major revenue source was as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, Category: ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ (In thousands) Pay-TV subscriber and related revenue ​ $ 10,613,653 ​ $ 11,385,961 ​ $ 12,360,601 Wireless services and related revenue ​ ​ 3,156,760 ​ ​ 3,337,240 ​ ​ 3,653,909 Broadband and satellite services and other revenue ​ ​ 1,204,938 ​ ​ 1,443,616 ​ ​ 1,611,069 Pay-TV equipment sales and other revenue ​ ​ 74,551 ​ ​ 185,198 ​ ​ 144,791 Wireless equipment sales and other revenue ​ ​ 451,223 ​ ​ 394,920 ​ ​ 526,109 Broadband equipment and other revenue ​ ​ 370,850 ​ ​ 311,943 ​ ​ 387,024 Eliminations ​ ​ ( 46,459 ) ​ ​ ( 43,280 ) ​ ​ ( 49,257 ) Total ​ $ 15,825,516 ​ $ 17,015,598 ​ $ 18,634,246 ​ ​ 17. Revenue Recognition ​ Contract Balances ​ Our allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Pay-TV ​ Wireless ​ Broadband and Satellite Services ​ Total ​ ​ (In thousands) Balance, December 31, 2021 ​ $ 32,947 ​ $ 5,587 ​ $ 14,588 ​ $ 53,122 Current period provision for expected credit losses ​ ​ 75,518 ​ ​ 4,146 ​ ​ 32,911 ​ ​ 112,575 Write-offs charged against allowance ​ ​ ( 67,823 ) ​ ​ ( 6,022 ) ​ ​ ( 36,011 ) ​ ​ ( 109,856 ) Acquisitions ​ ​ — ​ ​ 78 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 78 Foreign currency translation ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 3,871 ​ ​ 3,871 Balance, December 31, 2022 ​ $ 40,642 ​ $ 3,789 ​ $ 15,359 ​ $ 59,790 Current period provision for expected credit losses ​ ​ 56,421 ​ ​ 10,881 ​ ​ 34,085 ​ ​ 101,387 Write-offs charged against allowance ​ ​ ( 61,743 ) ​ ​ 4,001 ​ ​ ( 29,371 ) ​ ​ ( 87,113 ) Foreign currency translation ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 326 ​ ​ 326 Balance, December 31, 2023 ​ $ 35,320 ​ $ 18,671 ​ $ 20,399 ​ $ 74,390 Current period provision for expected credit losses ​ ​ 56,729 ​ ​ 24,989 ​ ​ 25,653 ​ ​ 107,371 Write-offs charged against allowance ​ ​ ( 49,474 ) ​ ​ ( 14,921 ) ​ ​ ( 34,193 ) ​ ​ ( 98,588 ) Foreign currency translation ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ ( 545 ) ​ ​ ( 545 ) Balance, December 31, 2024 ​ $ 42,575 ​ $ 28,739 ​ $ 11,314 ​ $ 82,628 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Contract assets arise when we recognize revenue for providing a service in advance of billing our customers. Our contract assets typically relate to our long-term contracts where we recognize revenue using the cost-based input method and the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. ​ Our contract assets also include receivables related to sales-type leases recognized over the lease term as the customer is billed. Contract assets are amortized as the customer is billed for services. Contract assets are recorded in “Trade accounts receivable, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. ​ The following table summarizes our contract asset balances: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ 2024 2023 ​ ​ (In thousands) Contract assets ​ $ 108,092 ​ $ 66,103 ​ Contract liabilities arise when we bill our customers and receive consideration in advance of providing the service. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when the service has been provided to the customer. ​ F- 102 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued Contract liabilities are recorded in “Deferred revenue and other” and “Long-term deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. ​ The following table summarizes our contract liability balances: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ 2024 2023 ​ ​ (In thousands) Contract liabilities ​ $ 649,054 ​ $ 710,456 ​ Our beginning of period contract liability recorded as customer contract revenue during 2024 was $ 664 million. ​ Performance Obligations ​ Pay-TV and Wireless Segments ​ We apply a practical expedient and do not disclose the value of the remaining performance obligations for contracts that are less than one year in duration, which represent a substantial majority of our revenue. As such, the amount of revenue related to unsatisfied performance obligations is not necessarily indicative of our future revenue. ​ Broadband and Satellite Services Segment ​ As of December 31, 2024, the remaining performance obligations for our customer contracts was approximately $ 1.6 billion. Performance obligations expected to be satisfied within one year and greater than one year are 27 % and 73 % , respectively. This amount and percentages exclude leasing arrangements and agreements with consumer customers. ​ Contract Acquisition Costs ​ The following table presents the activity in our contract acquisition costs, net: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ (In thousands) Balance, beginning of period ​ $ 352,114 ​ $ 460,876 ​ $ 555,614 Additions ​ ​ 260,403 ​ ​ 321,470 ​ ​ 400,124 Amortization expense ​ ​ ( 321,717 ) ​ ​ ( 431,181 ) ​ ​ ( 495,456 ) Foreign currency translation ​ ​ ( 1,600 ) ​ ​ 949 ​ ​ 594 Balance, end of period ​ $ 289,200 ​ $ 352,114 ​ $ 460,876 ​ ​ ​ 18. Related Party Transactions ​ Sale of Assets to CONX ​ On March 10, 2024, CONX, a special purpose acquisition company, partially owned by Charles W. Ergen, our Chairman, and EchoStar Real Estate Holding L.L.C. (“Seller”), our subsidiary, entered into a definitive purchase and sale agreement, which provides for CONX’s purchase from the Seller of the commercial real estate property in Littleton, Colorado, comprising the corporate headquarters of DISH Wireless, for a purchase price of $ 26.75 million, net of deferred tax. The transaction closed May 1, 2024. The difference between our net carrying value of the assets sold and the purchase price was $ 3   million recorded in “Additional paid-in capital” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024. ​ F- 103 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued Concurrently with the transaction closing on May 1, 2024 we entered into an agreement to lease back the property from CONX for an initial 10 year term. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded $ 2 million for this lease in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). ​ PIPE Shares ​ On September 30, 2024, we entered into the PIPE Investment with certain accredited investors including CONX, an entity partially owned by Charles W. Ergen, our Chairman . The portion of the PIPE Investment represented by the CONX Subscription Agreement represented an agreement to purchase from us an aggregate of 1.551 million shares of our Class A Common Stock for an aggregate cash purchase price of approximately $ 43.5 million. The PIPE Shares were issued and settled on November 12, 2024. ​ 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 ​ Prior to the November 12, 2024 issuance of our new 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029, a related party of Charles W. Ergen, our chairman, agreed to commit to purchase and/or backstop an aggregate of $ 100 million of our new 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029. Subsequently, such party assigned $ 5 million of such $ 100 million commitment to Hamid Akhavan, EchoStar’s President and Chief Executive Officer. On November 12, 2024, the related party of Charles W. Ergen and Hamid Akhavan purchased an aggregate of $ 95 million and $ 5 million, respectively, of our new 10 3/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2029. ​ Hughes Systique Corporation ​ We own 42 % of Hughes Systique Corporation (“Hughes Systique”) and contract with Hughes Systique for software development services. Prior to December 31, 2023, we consolidated Hughes Systique’s financial statements into our Consolidated Financial Statements. As of December 31, 2023, we have deconsolidated the Hughes Systique results from our Consolidated Financial Statements and recorded the investment as a cost method investment in “Other investments, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. ​ The table below summarizes our transactions with Hughes Systique: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ ​ 2024 ​ 2023 ​ ​ (In thousands) Purchases: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Purchases from Hughes Systique ​ $ 17,528 ​ $ 19,597 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ 2024 ​ 2023 ​ ​ (In thousands) Amounts Payable: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amounts payable to Hughes Systique ​ $ 1,466 ​ $ 1,704 ​ ​ F- 104 Table of Contents ECHOSTAR CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued NagraStar ​ We own a 50 % interest in NagraStar, a joint venture that is our primary provider of encryption and related security systems intended to assure that only authorized customers have access to our programming. Certain payments related to NagraStar are recorded in “Cost of services” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). In addition, certain other payments are initially included in “Inventory” and are subsequently capitalized as “Property and equipment, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets or expensed as “Selling, general and administrative expenses” or “Cost of services” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) when the equipment is deployed. We record all payables in “Trade accounts payable” or “Other accrued expenses and liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our investment in NagraStar is accounted for using the equity method. ​ The table below summarizes our transactions with NagraStar: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ For the Years Ended December 31, ​ ​ 2024 2023 2022 ​ ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ Purchases (including fees): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Purchases from NagraStar ​ $ 32,508 ​ $ 37,068 ​ $ 43,416 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ As of December 31, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2024 2023 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (In thousands) ​ Amounts Payable and Commitments: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Amounts payable to NagraStar ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 5,569 ​ $ 9,821 ​ Commitments to NagraStar ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 883 ​ $ 1,727 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ F- 105